Amayunithi kashukela egazini angu-5.2, ingabe kuningi noma kukuncane, buza iziguli ezithole imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-glucose emzimbeni? Ngokwesimo soshukela, odokotela bathatha ukwahluka kusuka kumayunithi angama-3.3 kuya kwangama-5.5. Ngamanye amagama, konke okule mikhawulo kuyinto ejwayelekile.
Kanye nalokhu, ngobuningi bamacala, ushukela wegazi lomuntu uyahlukahluka kusuka kumayunithi angama-4,4 kuya kwayi-4,8. Uma sikhuluma ngokujwayelekile kwamanani. Futhi, okuqukethwe ushukela emzimbeni womuntu akuyona into eqhubekayo.
I-glucose ingahluka usuku lonke, kodwa kancane kuphela. Isibonelo, ngemuva kokudla, ushukela wegazi ukhuphuka amahora amaningi, emva kwalokho uyancipha kancane kancane, uzinze ezingeni lelitshe.
Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuthi ucabangele ukuthi yiziphi izinkomba ze-glucose emzimbeni womuntu ezivumelekile, futhi yikuphi ukuphambuka okubizwa ngokuthi yizibalo ze-pathological? Futhi uthole ukuthi ungakhuluma nini ngokuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela?
Ushukela ulawulwa kanjani emzimbeni womuntu?
Lapho sikhuluma ngokuxhuma ushukela emzimbeni womuntu, okuqukethwe ushukela, obonwa egazini lesiguli, kuchaziwe. Inani loshukela libalulekile kubantu, njengoba okuqukethwe kwalo kukhombisa umsebenzi womzimba wonke uwonke.
Uma kunokuphambuka kusuka kokujwayelekile kuya ohlangothini olukhulu noma oluncane, khona-ke ukwephulwa kokusebenza kwezitho zangaphakathi nezinhlelo kungatholwa. Kulokhu, asikhulumi ngokushintshashintsha okuncane ngemuva kokudla, umsebenzi womzimba, njengoba lokhu kuyinto evamile.
Ngakho-ke, ushukela ulawulwa kanjani emzimbeni? I-pancreas yisitho sangaphakathi somuntu esikhiqiza i-insulin ye-hormone ngokusebenzisa amaseli we-beta, esiza i-glucose ukuthi ingenwe ezingeni lamaselula.
Sizofunda lolu lwazi olulandelayo olusiza ukuqonda ukuthi ushukela ulawulwa kanjani emzimbeni womuntu:
- Uma umuntu enoshukela omningi emzimbeni, khona-ke ama-pancreas athola isibonakaliso sokuthi kubalulekile ukukhiqiza i-hormone. Ngasikhathi sinye, kutholakala umphumela esibindini, osebenzisa ushukela owedlulele ku-glucagon, ngokulandelana, izinkomba zincishiswa zisezingeni elamukelekayo.
- Lapho umuntu enamazinga aphansi kashukela emzimbeni, ipancreas ithola isibonakaliso yokumisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone, bese iyeka ukusebenza kuze kufike lapho insulin idingeka futhi. Ngaso leso sikhathi, isibindi asicubunguli ushukela ku-glucagon. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukugxilisa ushukela kuyanda.
Nginkomba ejwayelekile yoshukela, lapho umuntu edla ukudla, kukhipha ushukela, bese kuthi isikhathi esifushane kungena ohlelweni lokujikeleza olujwayelekile.
Kanye nalokhu, amanyikwe akhiqiza i-insulin, esiza ushukela ukungena ezingeni lamaselula. Njengoba izinga likashukela lingaphansi kwemingcele eyamukelekayo, isibindi sisesimweni "esizolile", okungukuthi, asenzi lutho.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze kulawulwe amazinga kashukela emzimbeni womuntu ezingeni elidingekayo, kudingeka ama-hormone amabili - i-insulin neglucagon.
Imvelo noma i-pathology?
Lapho i-glucose imisa emayunithi angama-5.2, ingabe lokhu kuyindlela evamile noma yezifo, ingabe iziguli zinentshisekelo? Ngakho-ke, ukuhlukahluka kusuka kumayunithi angama-3.3 kuya kumayunithi angama-5.5 kubhekwa njengezinkomba ezijwayelekile. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kubantu abaningi basuka kumayunithi angama-4,4 kuya kwayi-4,8.
Ukuhlolwa koketshezi lwegciwane kusuka emunweni noma emithanjeni kwenziwa ngesisu esingenalutho, okungukuthi, isiguli akufanele sidle ukudla okungenani amahora ayi-10 ngaphambi kokuthatha igazi. Kulesi simo kuphela lapho singakhuluma ngemiphumela efanele.
Uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi kukhombisa umphumela wamayunithi angama-5.2, khona-ke lokhu kuyinto evamile, kanti ukuhlaziya okunjalo kukhombisa ukuthi umzimba wesiguli usebenza kahle, azikho izindlela zokwenza ngcono ushukela.
Cabanga okwejwayelekile ngeminyaka:
- Ukusuka eminyakeni engu-12 kuye kwengama-60 ubudala - amayunithi angama-3.3-5.5.
- Ukusuka eminyakeni engama-60 kuye kwengama-90 ubudala - amayunithi angama-4.6-6.5.
- Ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-90 - amayunithi angama-4.7-6.9.
Ngakho-ke, kuphephile ukusho ukuthi amazinga kashukela ajwayelekile angashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Futhi lapho umuntu eba umdala, kuyophakama imvelo yakhe.
Isibonelo, uma indoda eneminyaka engama-30 inesibalo sikashukela amayunithi ayi-6.4, singakhuluma ngesimo sangaphambi kwesifo sikashukela. Kanye nalokhu, njengoba sesithole imiphumela enjalo kowesifazane noma owesilisa oneminyaka engama-65, singakhuluma ngamanani amukelekile ngeminyaka ethile.
Ezinganeni ezincane, okujwayelekile ushukela kubonakala kuhluke kancane, futhi inani eliphakeme elivumelekile lincipha ngamayunithi angama-0.3 uma liqhathaniswa namanani eglugose abantu abadala.
Okubalulekile: kushukela elijwayelekile lisukela kumayunithi angama-3.3 kuya kwangama-5.5; uma ukuhlolwa kwe-glucose kukhombisa ukwahlukahluka kusuka kumayunithi angama-6.0 kuya kwayi-6.9, khona-ke singakhuluma ngokwakhiwa kwesimo se-prediabetesic; ngenani le-glucose lika-7.0 noma ngaphezulu, kusolwa ushukela.
Ucwaningo loshukela
Ngokuqinisekile, lapho udokotela ethola imiphumela kashukela wegazi okhuphukile, ngokokunye ukuhlola, akunakukhulunywa nganoma yikuphi ukuxilongwa. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela uncoma ukuthatha ezinye izivivinyo.
Kubalulekile ukungafaki iqiniso lokuthi ngesikhathi isampula legazi lisesiswini esingenalutho, noma iliphi iphutha lenziwa. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kuyadingeka ukuthatha uketshezi lwebhayoloji kuphela esiswini esingenalutho, kuvunyelwe ukuphuza amanzi nje asobala ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa.
Uma isiguli sithatha noma imuphi umuthi ongaphazamisa ukutadisha kwe-glucose emzimbeni, kufanele azise udokotela wakhe ngalokhu. Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa eminingana ikhombisa izinga likashukela amayunithi ayi-6.0-6.9, khona-ke singakhuluma nge-prediabetes, futhi amayunithi angaphezu kuka-7.0, mayelana noshukela ogcwele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunconyelwa ukwenza isivivinyo sokubekezelela i-glucose, okwenziwa kanjena:
- Okokuqala, uketshezi lwebhayoloji luyiswa esiswini esingenalutho (akunconyelwe ukudla noma yikuphi ukudla emahoreni angama-8-10).
- Ngemuva kwalokho ukulayisha ushukela kuyenziwa. Amagremu angama-75 kashukela owomile ungeziwe engilazini yamanzi afudumele, yonke into ixubekile. Nikeza isiguli ukuphuza umthwalo ushukela.
- Ngemuva kwehora namahora amabili, igazi nalo liyathathwa. Ukuze ungahlanekezeli imiphumela, isiguli kudingeka sibe sesikhungweni sezokwelapha kulokhu. Akunconyelwe ukuhambisa ngenkuthalo, ukubhema nokunye.
Imiphumela yocwaningo kwezinye izikhungo zezokwelapha ingatholakala ngosuku olufanayo, kweminye imitholampilo ngosuku olulandelayo. Uma ucwaningo luveze ukuthi ushukela osemzimbeni womuntu ngemuva kwamahora amabili umthwalo usungaphansi kwamayunithi angama-7.8, singasho ukuthi isiguli siphilile, amathuba okuba nesifo "esimnandi" siphansi.
Lapho imiphumela isukela kuma-7,8 kuya ku-11.1 amayunithi, kutholakala isimo sezwe lesifo sikashukela, esidinga ukulungiswa okuthile kwendlela yokuphila ukuvikela ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela.
Esimweni lapho ukuhlolwa kwegazi lokuzwela kwe-glucose kubonise umphumela wamayunithi angaphezu kwe-11.1, bese bekhuluma ngesifo sikashukela, futhi kuhlolwa kunconywa ukusungula uhlobo lwe-pathology.
Izimpawu kashukela omningi
Lapho isiguli sitholakala sinesimo se-prediabetesic, ezimeni eziningi, asizwa zimpawu ezingezinhle. Njengomthetho, i-prediabetes ayiboniswa izimpawu ezinzima.
Kanye nalokhu, lapho amanani eglucose egxuma ngamanani amukelekayo, isithombe esihlukile somtholampilo siyabonakala kumuntu ogulayo. Kwezinye iziguli, kungavezwa, futhi zizwela kakhulu ekushintshashintsheni kwe-glucose; kwezinye, kungahle kube nezimpawu "ezikhethekile" zezimpawu ezinamandla.
Isibonakaliso sokuqala esikhuluma ngokuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela umuzwa ongapheli wokoma ongeke waneliswe; ngenxa yalokho, umuntu uqala ukusebenzisa amanani amaningi e-liquid.
Lapho umzimba womuntu ungasakwazi nokuzigcina ngokwawo ngokuzimela isilinganiso se-glucose ezingeni elidingekayo, izinso ziqala ukusebenza ngokwengeziwe ukukhipha ushukela owedlulele.
Kanye nalokhu, kukhona ukusetshenziswa komswakama owengeziwe kusuka kwizicubu, ngenxa yokuthi umuntu uvame ukuya endlini encane. Ukoma kukhombisa ukuntuleka komswakama, futhi uma unganakwa, kuholela ekuphepheni komzimba.
Izimpawu zikashukela ophezulu yilezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- Umuzwa ongapheli wokukhathala ungaba uphawu lokuphambuka koshukela ngendlela enkulu. Lapho ushukela ungangeni esigabeni samaselula, umzimba uhlushwa ukuntuleka "kokudla".
- Isiyezi singakhombisa ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela. Ukuze ubuchopho busebenze ngokujwayelekile, budinga inani elithile le-glucose, ukushoda kwalo okuholela ekuphazamiseni ukusebenza kwalo. Isiyezi ngesifo sikashukela sikhulu ngokwengeziwe, futhi kuhlasela umuntu usuku lonke.
- Imvamisa, ukwanda koshukela kwenzeka ngemuva kwesizinda sokunyuka kwengcindezi yegazi. Emsebenzini wezokwelapha, i-hypertension ye-arterial kanye ne-mellitus yesifo sikashukela ngokuvamile "ihamba ndawonye".
- Ukulimazeka kokubonakalayo. Umuntu akaboni kahle, izinto ziyafiphala, izimpukane zivele phambi kwamehlo akhe nezinye izimpawu.
Uma okungenani eyodwa yezimpawu ezifakiwe ibonwa, kunconyelwa ukuthi kuhlolwe igazi ushukela. Ukutholwa kwesimo se-hyperglycemic ngesikhathi sokuqala kunikeza ithuba elihle lokuvimbela izinkinga ezingaba khona.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela zingahlukaniswa ngohlobo lwesifo sikashukela. Njengomthetho, ukugula okuncike kwi-insulin (uhlobo lokuqala) kuqala ngokuzumayo, izimpawu ze-pathology ziyabizwa futhi zinamandla.
Uhlobo lwesibili lwesifo luya ngokuhamba kancane, alunaso isithombe esicacile somtholampilo ezigabeni zokuqala.
Ungabuyisela kanjani ushukela kokujwayelekile?
Ngokungajwayelekile, uma ushukela wegazi lesiguli udlula imingcele evunyelwe, kuyadingeka ukuthatha izinyathelo okuhloswe ngazo ukwehlisa, kanye nokuzinza ezingeni elidingekayo.
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus asisongeli ngokuqondile impilo yeziguli. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela yokusebenza ibonakala ngeqiniso lokuthi ushukela wegazi ophakeme uholela ekusebenzeni okungalungile kwezitho zangaphakathi nezinhlelo, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwezinkinga ezinzima nezingamahlalakhona.
Izinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu - i-ketoacidosis, i-hyperglycemic coma, engasongela ukuphazamiseka okungalungiseki emzimbeni. Ukunganaki lesi simo kungaholela ekukhubazekeni nasekufeni.
Ukwelapha kuqukethe amaphuzu alandelayo:
- Uma isiguli sinesimo sangaphambi kwesifo sikashukela, khona-ke kunconywa izindlela zokuvimbela ezenzelwe ukuvimbela ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izondlamzimba ezifanele, ezemidlalo, ukulawula ushukela.
- Ngohlobo lokuqala lwesifo, i-insulin ibekwa ngokushesha - imvamisa, imithamo negama lomuthi kunqunywa ngokwahlukana ecaleni ngesisekelo.
- Ngohlobo lwesibili lokugula, ekuqaleni bazama ukubhekana nezindlela zokwelapha ezingezona izidakamizwa. Udokotela utusa ukudla okuqukethe inani elincane lama-carbohydrate, umdlalo osiza ukwandisa ukuzwela kwezicubu kwi-hormone.
Kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni lwesifo, ukulawula ushukela emzimbeni womuntu kufanele kube nsuku zonke. Kuyadingeka ukukala izinkomba zakho ekuseni kuze kube kusasa, ngemuva kokudla, ngesikhathi sokudla kwasemini, ngaphambi kokulala, ngemuva komthwalo wezemidlalo njalonjalo.
Ngeshwa, isifo sikashukela yisifo esingelapheki, ngakho-ke ukuphela kwendlela yokuphila impilo ejwayelekile nokwanelisa ukuyisinxephezela, esisiza ngokwejwayelekile i-glucose futhi kuzinze okungenani amayunithi angama-5.5-5.8 ezingeni lelitshe.
Isazi esivela kuvidiyo ekulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngesimo soshukela wegazi.
