Isifo sikashukela mellitus, uma kwenzeka, sihambisana nomuntu impilo yakhe yonke. Ukuze ukwazi ukugcina impilo nokusebenza kahle, umsebenzi wezenhlalo, abanesifo sikashukela bahlala baphoqelelwa ukusebenzisa imishanguzo nemithi yokwelapha ukulawula lesi sifo.
Uma kwenzeka kunesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin 1, i-hormone kumele iphathwe okungenani izikhathi ezingama-4-5 ngosuku, ngenkathi ilawula izinga le-glycemia ngemichilo yokuhlolwa kwi-glucometer. Konke lokhu kunezindleko ezinkulu, ngakho-ke, isiguli ngasinye sinesifiso sokuthi impesheni ibekelwe ushukela kanye nokuthi yiziphi izinzuzo ezingasetshenziswa ukunciphisa izindleko zokwelashwa.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ukunquma ukuthi isifo sitholwani akwenzi yini ukuthi usebenzise izinzuzo, ngoba kumele kuthathwe izinyathelo ezimbalwa ukuthola isimo somzuzi kwisifo sikashukela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezindlela eziningi lapho isiguli sithola ukukhubazeka futhi sikhokhelwa impesheni efanele.
Izinzuzo Zesifo Sikashukela
Endabeni yohlobo lwe-1 mellitus yesifo sikashukela, iziguli zinikezwa i-insulin yamahhala, izindlela zokuphatha, imichilo yokuhlola ye-glucometer ngezinga lezingcezu ezi-3 ngosuku. Abanesifo sikashukela esitholakala sinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 banikezwa imishanguzo ngaphandle kwemali kahulumeni eyehlisa ushukela wegazi futhi abasohlwini lwemithi yamahhala.
Ngo-2017, iziguli zingathola i-glibenclamide, gliclazide, metformin ne-repaglinide ngaphandle kwenkokhelo. Banganikezwa ne-insulin (uma kunesidingo) nokulawulwa kwe-glycemic - imivimbo eyodwa yokuhlola uma isiguli sithatha amaphilisi, amathathu ngokushintsha okuphelele kwe-insulin.
Isinqumo sokuthi imiphi imithi ethile ezokhishwa senziwe yi-endocrinologist lapho uhlala khona. Ukuze ube nelungelo lokuthola izidakamizwa zamahhala njalo ngenyanga, udinga ukubhalisa emtholampilo wesifunda futhi unikeze isitifiketi esikhwameni sempesheni sokuthi isinxephezelo semali asikaze sitholwe esikhundleni ngezinzuzo zomphakathi.
Lapho usebenzisa izinzuzo zezenhlalo zemithi nokwelapha, le mithetho elandelayo kumele icatshangwe:
- Imvamisa yokunquma iba kanye ngenyanga.
- Ngaphambi kokuthola umuthi okhethekile, udinga ukuhlolwa.
- Umuthi unikezwa kuphela isiguli ezingalweni zakhe.
Uma udokotela enqaba ukubhala incwadi kadokotela noma imishanguzo yokuhlolwa, udinga ukuxhumana nodokotela oyinhloko womtholampilo, uma lokhu kungalethanga umphumela olindelekile, bese uya esikhwameni (somnyango wesifunda) somshuwalense wezokwelapha ophoqelelwe.
Ngokungeziwe ekwelashweni kwamahhala nge-insulin noma ngamaphilisi okunciphisa ushukela wegazi, iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zingaxilongwa futhi zilungiswe ekwelashweni okunqunyelwe esibhedlela noma esikhungweni sokuxilonga, futhi zithole izeluleko kudokotela ohlinzeka ngethambo, udokotela oyi-neurologist, udokotela wamehlo kanye nodokotela ohlinza imithambo.
Iziguli azikhokhi zonke lezi zifundo kanye nokubonisana.
Ukuzimisela kokukhubazeka kwabanesifo sikashukela
Ukuze ube nesimo somuntu okhubazekile futhi uthole izinzuzo ezibekwe ngumthetho, kufanele udlule kwikhomishini yezokwelapha neyenhlalo ukuze uhlolwe ukukhubazeka. Lo mzimba ungaphansi kweNgqongqoshe Wezempilo kanye Nezokuthuthukiswa Komphakathi eRussia. Ukudluliselwa kokuhlolwa kufanele kutholakale kudokotela ozinakekela emtholampilo.
Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, udinga ukuhlolwa okugcwele: ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile nokunamakhemikhali, ukuhlolwa komchamo ushukela, imizimba ye-ketone, ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile, ukuhlolwa komthwalo weglucose, i-glycated hemoglobin, i-ultrasound yezinso, imithambo yegazi, i-ECG nezinye izinhlobo zezifundo ezidingekayo ukuqinisekisa ukutholwa nodokotela izinkinga zesifo sikashukela.
Ukuqashwa nokuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokuhlola ushukela wegazi kanye nesibhedlela, kanye nesiphetho sabachwepheshe abanjalo, udokotela wezifo zamehlo, udokotela wezifo zamehlo, udokotela wezifo zenhliziyo, udokotela oyi-urologist noma udokotela wezifo zamazinyo ungadingeka. Isethi ngayinye yezifundo kanye nokubonisana kukhethiwe esigulini ngasinye.
Ngemuva kokudlula kuzo zonke izinqubo zokuxilonga, yonke imibhalo nokudluliselwa kokuhlolwa 088 / y-06 kunikezwa isiguli. Ngale phakethe lamadokhumenti udinga ukuxhumana nehhovisi lokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha nezenhlalo, lapho kuzobekwa usuku lokuhlolwa bese kunikezwa iqembu labakhubazekile.
Izindlela zokunquma iqembu lokuqala:
- Uhlobo olunamandla lwe-retinopathy ngokulahleka ngokuphelele noma okucishe kuphele.
- I-angiopathy enkulu yesifo sikashukela: i-gangrene, unyawo lwesifo sikashukela.
- I-Cardiopathy ngokuhluleka kwenhliziyo ama-degree angu-3.
- I-Nephropathy enokuhluleka kwe-re-end.
- Encephalopathy enokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.
- I-Neuropathy: Ukukhubazeka okuqhubekayo, i-ataxia.
- Ukhehla njalo.
Ngasikhathi sinye, iziguli azikwazi ukuzimela ngokuzimela futhi zizikhonze, zilinganiselwe ekukhulumisaneni nasekuqondeni esikhaleni, zincike ngokuphelele kosizo lwangaphandle.
Iqembu lesibili lingabekelwa i-mellitus yesifo sikashukela esinzima: isigaba se-2 retinopathy, ukwehluleka kwezinhlungu kokugcina, uma ngabe i-dialysis ingasinxephezela noma kwenziwe ukufakelwa kwezinso okuphumelelayo. I-Neuropathy ezigulini ezinjalo iholela kuma-paresis we-2nd degree, i-encephalopathy iqhubeka nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.
Ukukhubazeka kukhawulelwe, iziguli zingakwazi ukuzimela ngokuzimela, zizinakekele futhi ziziphathe ngokwelashwa, kepha zidinga usizo lwangaphandle ngezikhathi ezithile. Iqembu lesibili nalo libekelwe inkambo esetshenziswayo yesifo sikashukela, lapho kuba nezinguquko ezibucayi emazingeni e-glycemia kuthi ngokwengxenye kube nesibindi.
Ukukhubazeka kweQembu 3 kunikezwa ngesikhathi se-mellitus yesifo sikashukela esilinganiselwe ngokubonisa okulinganiselwe kokungasebenzi kahle kwezitho, okuholele ekutheni kube nekhono elilinganiselwe lokuzinakekela, ukusebenza (isiguli asikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wangaphambilini, esidale ukwehla kweziqu noma umthamo womsebenzi).
Inkambo yalesi sifo ihlolwa njengokuthi ayisebenzi. Isiguli singasebenza, kepha ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhanyayo.
Kubantu abasha, iqembu lesithathu lisungulwa isikhathi sokuphinda ufundise, ukuqeqesha nokuthola umsebenzi omusha.
Impesheni yesifo sikashukela
Umthetho othi "On State Pension Insurance in the Russian Federation" uchaza isigaba sabantu abanelungelo lokuthola impesheni yokukhubazeka. Lolu hlobo lwezinkokhelo zempesheni lubhekisa kwabangafundile (kwezenhlalo), ngakho-ke, akuxhomekile ekuphakameni noma kubudala. Umuntu ohola impesheni uthola imali ngokuya ngeqembu lokukhubazeka alinikezwe.
Inani umuntu okhubazekile azolithola liqukethe izingxenye ezimbili: ingxenye eyisisekelo nenkokhelo yemali eyodwa. Ubungako bempesheni busungulwa ngumthetho wobumbano, ziyefana kulo lonke elaseRussia Federation. Phansi, izinkokhelo zokukhubazeka ezivela ezimalini zakho zesabelomali (izibonelelo kanye nezithasiselo zempesheni) zingandiswa. Akunakwenzeka ukukhanga ngosayizi wempesheni.
Impesheni yesifo sikashukela inikezwa hhayi kuphela kulezi ziguli esefike eminyakeni yokuthatha umhlalaphansi. Isitifiketi sikhishwa kumuntu ohola impesheni ngokushesha ngemuva kokufika ebudaleni, athole iqembu lokukhubazeka, elashwa esibhedlela. Uma unesifo sikashukela, kungenzeka ukuthi uthathe umhlalaphansi ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Inani lokukhokha ngo-2017 (impesheni yanyanga zonke kuma-ruble):
- Ukukhubazeka kweqembu lokuqala: 10068.53
- Iqembu lesibili: 5034.25.
- Iqembu lesithathu: 4279.14.
- Izingane ezikhubazekile: 12082.06.
Izimali ezihlangene ezihlanganisiwe kusuka ngoFebhuwari 1 zazilandelana: zeqembu 1 - 3538.52; kwesesibili - 2527.06; emaqenjini ama-3 - 2022.94; ezinganeni ezikhubazekile ezingama-ruble angama-2527.06 ngenyanga.
Ezinganeni, ukukhubazeka ngaphandle kwesabelo seqembu lesifo sikashukela kunikezwa kuze kube iminyaka engu-14 uma kudingeka ukwelashwa kwe-insulin okuqhubekayo, ngemuva kokufika kulelonyaka, ukukhubazeka kuyasuswa uma ikhomishini inquma ukuthi osemusha angakwazi ukuzimela ngokuzinikela futhi enze ukubala komthamo wayo ngemuva kokuqeqeshwa.
Uma kuba khona ukungezwani lapho kuchazwa iqembu labakhubazekile, kuyadingeka ukuthi ucele isinqumo esibhaliwe lapho ungafaka khona isikhalazo ngezenzo zehhovisi lobuchwepheshe bezokwelapha nezenhlalo emnyangweni ophakathi, uMnyango Wezempilo, ubhalele umshushisi noma uye enkantolo.
Ividiyo ekule ndatshana izokhuluma ngosayizi wempesheni kanye nemithetho yokudlulisa ama-MES.
