Ngenxa yamathuba emithi yesimanje, kungenzeka ukuthi ugweme imiphumela engenakuphikwa yesifo sikashukela. I-Symbomatology yalesi sifo enganeni ifana nokuboniswa kwe-pathology kubantu abadala, kepha ukwelashwa kunokwehluka kwayo. Kuyadingeka ukuthola izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-15 ubudala.
Kungekudala kakhulu, isifo sikashukela sasingaphenduka ekubhujisweni okubi komzimba wengane. Kepha manje, izidakamizwa zesimanje zinikeza ithuba lokumisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo.
Udokotela, ngokuya ngezimpawu ezitholakalayo, uthuthukisa uhlobo oluthile lokwelashwa futhi anqume izindlela zokuxilonga.
Izingane nesifo sikashukela
I-WHO ichaza isifo sikashukela njengesifo sohlelo lwe-endocrine lapho amazinga e-glucose ephakanyiswa ngokungalapheki. I-Hyperglycemia ingakheka ngenxa yezici zangaphandle nezangaphandle.
I-Hyperglycemia imvamisa ibangelwa ukuntuleka kwe-insulin noma inani elithile lezinto ezilwa nomsebenzi wayo.
I-Pathology ihambisana nokuphazamiseka okuhlukahlukene kwe-metabolic:
- amaprotheni
- amaminerali
- carbohydrate
- okunamafutha.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kuholela kumonakalo ezinhlotsheni nasezithweni ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi, kuyahlupheka:
- inhliziyo
- imithambo yegazi
- amehlo
- izinso
- izinzwa.
Uhlobo 1 sikashukela oludalwa yisifo sikashukela, esenzeka ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-30 ubudala, ukugula okuvela ngenxa yengozi yokuthola ifa elinezici ezingezinhle zangaphandle.
Isizathu sohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kuyancipha noma kuyeke ngokuphelele ngenxa yokufa kwamaseli we-beta ngaphansi kwethonya lento ethile, ngokwesibonelo, ukuba khona kwama-ejenti anobuthi ekudleni noma ekuxinekeni.
Uhlobo 2 sikashukela i-mellitus, okuyisici, njengomthetho, sabantu asebekhulile, kwenzeka kaningi kakhulu kunesifo sohlobo 1. Kulokhu, amaseli we-beta aqala ukukhiqiza i-insulin ngevolumu enkulu noma evamile. Kodwa umsebenzi we-insulin uyancipha ngenxa yezicubu ze-adipose ngokweqile ezinama-receptors abonakala ngokuncipha kokuzwela kwe-insulin.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwehla kokwakhiwa kwe-insulin kungenzeka. Izimbangela zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2:
- isakhi sofuzo
- ukukhuluphala
- izifo zesistimu ye-endocrine
- i-pathology ye-pituitary gland, i-adrenal cortex ne-yegilo yegilo.
Ezimweni zokuqala, uhlobo lwe-2 yesifo sikashukela lungavela futhi njengokuxakaniseka kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, njengegciwane le-herpes, hepatitis noma umkhuhlane. Futhi kwesinye isikhathi iba yinkinga:
- umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye ne-cholelithiasis,
- i-pancreatitis
- isimila se-pancreatic.
Kungani isifo sikashukela sabantwana senzeka?
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zesifo sikashukela: ezethembela i-insulin nezingadingi insulin. Uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela lubonakala ngokuthi amaseli e-pancreatic awakhiqizi i-insulin eyanele. Njengomthetho, izingane zinale ndlela ethile yokugula.
Izinkinga ekwakhekeni kwama-pancreas ziholela ekungeneleleni kwayo futhi zizalwa njengefa. Lesi simo kungenzeka singathinti ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin nganoma iyiphi indlela, futhi sizovela sekwephuze noma singaze.
Akubona bonke abantu abanesifiso sokuba nesifo sikashukela bagule. Lesi sifo, njengomthetho, sicasulwa ngamagciwane:
- rubella
- inkukhu
- ihepatitis
- umkhuhlane
- mumps.
Amagciwane anjalo enza njengesiqalo. Ukuphendula okuningi kwe-pathological kufakiwe okuholela ekubhujisweni kancane kancane kwamaseli e-pancreatic akhiqiza i-insulin.
Lapho lesi sifo sesiqaliwe, amaseli we-pancreatic alahla ukuvela kwe-insulin. Imfihlo yama-hormone ngalesi sigaba ayiphazamiseki kakhulu, ngoba amaseli asindile abhekana nomthwalo owandayo.
Amaseli ayaqhubeka nokufa, futhi ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, i-insulin ayisenele ukucubungula ushukela, oza ngobuningi.
Lesi yisigaba sokugcina sikashukela, ezincwadini zezokwelapha esibizwa ngokuthi ukubekezelelwa kwe-glucose engasebenzi. Esiswini esingenalutho, ekuseni, isiguli sinamazinga ashukela ajwayelekile, kepha ngemuva kokudla ukudla okunama-carbohydrate, ukuqina kuphakama isikhathi eside.
Ukuhlaziywa okwenziwe kubizwa ngokuthi ijika leshukela. Ngemuva kokushona kwamangqamuzana angama-90, umuntu angakhuluma ngesifo sikashukela esinzima nazo zonke izimpawu zaso.
Isifo sikashukela esincike ku-Type 1 sikashukela singelapheki ngokuphelele. Ushukela uyadingeka umuntu, uza ngamanani anele ngokudla. Lintanta egazini, ngoba ngaphandle kwe-insulin alinakungena emangqamuzaneni. Umuntu angasizwa kuphela ngokuphatha i-insulin.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 esingelona i-insulin sibonisa ukuthi i-insulin emaphashini ikhiqizwa ngevolumu eyanele, kepha iyashintshwa futhi ayijwayelekile. Uma kungenayo i-insulin eluhlobo 1 lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, kodwa ayinakusetshenziswa. Uhlobo lwesibili lwalesi sifo ezinganeni aluvamile.
Izici ezinikezayo zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2:
- ngokweqile
- ukuntuleka kokuzivocavoca umzimba - ukuswela ukuzivocavoca,
- ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ye-hormonal,
- ukukhulelwa
- ukuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela sengane
Ubukhulu bezimpawu ezinganeni ezinokushoda kwe-insulin kuphezulu kakhulu.
Izimpawu zesifo ziyavela emavikini ambalwa.
Udinga ukubhekisisa izimpawu ezithile ukuze ubone udokotela futhi uqale ukwelashwa.
- amandla obuthakathaka kanye nobuthakathaka
- ukoma njalo
- isifiso esinamandla
- ukuchama njalo
- ukutheleleka okusebenzayo
- umoya we-acetone
- yehle impilo ngemuva kokudla,
- ukwehla kwesisindo okungazelelwe.
Endabeni yezingane ezigulayo, akuzona zonke lezi zimpawu ezizwakalayo. Isibonelo, uma kungekho ukuntuleka kwe-insulin, khona-ke iphunga le-acetone noma ukuncipha kwesisindo kungenzeka lingabi nalo. Kodwa-ke, ukuzijwayeza kukhombisa ukuthi imvamisa isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 siyatholakala futhi siphinyiswa kakhulu.
Abazali basheshe babone izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-15 ubudala, ngoba ingane ekule minyaka ingasho ngemininingwane yokuwohloka kwempilo yabo.
Izingane ziqala ukuphuza uketshezi olwengeziwe, njengoba amazinga aphezulu eglucose egazini aqala ukudonsa umswakama kusuka kumaseli nezindlela zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni. Umntwana uvame ukucela ukuphuza amanzi noma ama-juices ntambama.
Isilinganiso esikhulu sikashukela sinomphumela oyingozi ezinso, sinciphise ukumuncwa komchamo. Ngakho-ke, ukuchama okuchichima futhi okuvame ukuvela, ikakhulukazi ebusuku. Ngakho-ke umzimba uzama ukususa izinto ezinobuthi.
Isifiso esandayo senzeka ngenxa yendlala yamaseli, ngoba akukho kudla kweglucose. Ingane iqala ukudla kakhulu, kepha izakhamzimba azingeni emangqamuzaneni. Ukwehla kwesisindo okubukhali kuhlotshaniswa nokuthathwa kwe-glucose engalungisiwe, kanye nokuqhekeka kwamafutha ukukhiqizwa kwamandla. Isibonakaliso esiyisisekelo sikashukela wezingane sithathwa njengesixhaxha esinamandla ngokuhlangana nokwehla kwesisindo.
Lesi sibonakaliso sihambisana nokukhuphuka kwe-glucose ngemuva kokudla okuqukethe ama-carbohydrate. Ushukela omkhulu wegazi ngokwawo uyisizathu sokuwohloka kwempilo ejwayelekile. Ngemuva kwesikhashana esithile, amakhono okunciphisa umzimba abuyisa ushukela abuyele kwesejwayelekile, futhi ingane iphinda ibe namandla ngaphambi kokudla okulandelayo.
Ukwehla kwesisindo kwengane okuqinile akubonwa hhayi kuphela ngokuntuleka ngokuphelele kwe-insulin. Kulokhu, i-glucose ayikwazi ukungena kumaseli futhi inikeze amandla. Ngenxa yalokhu, njengenketho yesipele yamandla, amanoni akhona aqala ukudliwa bese kwehle isisindo. Lokhu kuvezwa kungenzeka kungabi nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 nezinye izinhlobo ze-MODY.
Ukwehla nobuthakathaka bentsha kuchazwa bobabili ukwephulwa kokuthathwa koshukela nemiphumela ebuhlungu yemizimba ye-ketone. Ukuhogela kwe-acetone kusuka emgodleni womlomo kuwuphawu oluqinisekile lwe-ketoacidosis. Umzimba ukhipha ubuthi ngokusebenzisa izinso, kanye nokujuluka, okubangela ukujuluka ngokweqile.
Ukuhogela kwe-acetone kushukela kwenzeka ngoba amafutha aphuka njengamandla amancane omzimba, bese enza imizimba ye-ketone ene-acetone. Umzimba uzama ngayo yonke indlela ukuqeda le nto enobuthi, uyikhipha ngamaphaphu. Isibonakaliso esinjalo kungenzeka ukuthi asinaso isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, kanye nezinye izinhlobo ze-MODY.
Ezinye izingane azikwazi ukululama izifo ezithathelwanayo isikhathi eside. Ukutheleleka kusuka komunye kuya komunye, ingane ayelapheki ngokuphelele. Kungaba ukutheleleka kwesikhumba segciwane, isibonelo, i-furunculosis noma ukutheleleka ngefungus - i-candidiasis.
Uma ungakunaki ukuwohloka, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izingane zingabulala kakhulu, zibulale futhi zingabi nalutho. Isifiso esinamandla singathathelwa indawo isicanucanu, ukuphambukela ekudleni, ubuhlungu besisu nokuhlanza.
Lezi zimpawu zibonisa uhlobo olunamandla lwe-ketoacidosis, kanye nethuba eliphezulu le-precomatosis. Kulokhu, kufanele ushayele iqembu le-ambulense ngokushesha futhi uthathe ingane uyise esikhungweni sezokwelapha.
Uma lokhu kungenziwa, uzophelelwa ukwazi, kuzoqala ukoma, ongakwazi ukuphuma kukho.
Ukutholwa yisifo sikashukela
Indlela elula yokunquma ukugula noma ukubekezelelwa kwe-glucose ekhubazekile ukuthola ushukela wegazi. Izinga likashukela elijwayelekile kumuntu onempilo linqunywa izinkomba ezinjengalezi: 3.5-5.5 mmol / l.
Uma ekutadisheni i-glucosuria yase-urine yasekuseni kutholakele - kutholakala ushukela kumchamo, i-aceturia, imizimba ye-acetone emchameni, ketonuria - imizimba ye-ketone umchamo, noma kunesilinganiso sikashukela somchamo, kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela ngesikhathi bese uhlaziya ngokukhethekile, okungukuthi ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela i-glucose.
Ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela kwe-glucose isifundo sejika leshukela. Ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa, ingane idinga ukudla izinsuku ezintathu ngaphandle komkhawulo wama-carbohydrate. Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa esiswini esingenalutho ekuseni.
Ingane idinga ukuphuza isiraphu ye-glucose, imiqulu yayo ebalwa nodokotela. Ukuhlolwa ushukela kwenziwa esiswini esingenalutho imizuzu engama-60 nengama-120 ngemuva kokudla ushukela.
Imvamisa, ngemuva kwehora, ukugcwala kwe-glucose egazini akufanele kukhuphuke ngaphezulu kwe-8.8 mmol / L, kuthi ngemuva kwamahora amabili kungabi ngaphezu kuka-7.8 mmol / L noma ukubuyela kokujwayelekile esiswini esingenalutho.
Uma umthamo kashukela ku-plasma ye-venous yegazi noma egazini lonke esiswini esingenalutho ungaphezu kuka-15 mmol / l (noma amahlandla amaningi esiswini esingenalutho ngaphezu kwezinga le-7.8 mmol / l), khona-ke isivivinyo sokubekezelela i-glucose asidingeki ukwenza ukuxilongwa.
Izingane ezinokukhuluphala ngokweqile zingaba nomlando wohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela nezimpawu ezithile zokumelana ne-insulin. Kulezi zimo, udinga ukuhlolwa ushukela wegazi kusuka eminyakeni eyi-10, njalo eminyakeni emi-2.
Ukubonisana okuphoqelekile kuyadingeka:
- orthopedist
- nodokotela wezinzwa
- i-endocrinologist
- ophthalmologist
- nesphrologist.
Kungenzeka wenze izindlela ezikhethekile zokuhlola:
- ukunquma kwezinga le-hemoglobin ye-glycated egazini,
- ukutholwa kwevolumu ye-C-peptide, i-proinsulin, i-glucagon,
- I-Ultrasound yezitho zangaphakathi,
- Ukuhlaziywa kwe-fundus
- ukunqunywa kwezinga le-microalbuminuria.
Uma umndeni uphindaphindeke nezifo zesifo sikashukela, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabazali, khona-ke kunengqondo ukwenza ucwaningo lofuzo ukuze kutholakale kuqala ukugula noma ukubekeka phambili kuso.
Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela. Izinhloso ezibalulekile zokwelapha yilezi:
- ukwehla kobukhulu bezimpawu,
- Ukulawulwa kwe-metabolic
- ukuvimbela izinkinga
- ukuthola impilo engcono yeziguli.
Izakhi ezisemqoka zokwelashwa yilezi:
- Ukulawulwa okuzimele kwenani likashukela egazini,
- ukukhipha ukusebenza komzimba,
- Ukwelashwa kokudla ushukela.
Kukhona izikole ezikhethekile zolwazi lwesifo sikashukela emhlabeni jikelele. Abazali abanezingane bangafunda ukukala ushukela lapho besebenzisa i-glucometer, balalele izinkulumo ngesifo sabo bathole izimbangela zabo.
Ungafunda kabanzi ngezici zesifo sikashukela ngokubuka ividiyo ekulesi sihloko.
