Enye yezimbangela zesifo sikashukela ukutheleleka ngegciwane. Le nto yokufundisisa ayifundiswanga ngokuphelele, kepha indlela yokutholwa kwamacala amasha esifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 ngemuva kokuqashelwa kwezifo ezibangelwa yigciwane yi-endocrinologists iningi.
Ubunzima bokunquma ngokunembile ubudlelwane bomphumela benza kube nzima ukuphendula lo mbuzo: igciwane lesifo sikashukela siyini, okuyizinto ezincane ezinamandla ezingadala ukubhujiswa kwamaseli e-pancreatic.
Njengoba ukubonakaliswa kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokugula, lapho cishe wonke amangqamuzana akhiqiza i-insulin ebhujiswa, isikhathi sesikhathi sokugcina singasuka emavikini ambalwa kuya ngonyaka, futhi kwesinye isikhathi. Ezimweni eziningi, kunzima ukuthola into ethile elimazayo.
Indima yamagciwane kushukela
Kwisifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin, isici esibonisa isici sokutholwa kwawo. Amacala amaningi amasha aqoshwa ekwindla nasebusika, isifo sikashukela sitholakala kakhulu ngo-Okthoba nangoJanuwari, kanti futhi nesibalo esincane sibhekwa ezinyangeni zasehlobo. Izikhathi ezinjenge-wave-like periodicity zimpawu zezifo ezahlukahlukene zamagciwane.
Kulokhu, amagciwane athinta cishe bonke abantu, kepha yilabo kuphela abanesifo sofuzo abahlaselwa yisifo sikashukela ngemuva kwezifo ezithathelwanayo.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze isifo sikashukela siziveze, kufanele kube noshintsho ekwakhiweni kwama-chromosomes kanye nethonya lento elimazayo. Ngaphezu kwamagciwane, imbangela yesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 ingaba yimithi, amakhemikhali, izakhi zokudla (amaprotheni obisi lwenkomo, i-nitro compounds yemikhiqizo ebhemayo).
Amagciwane angahileleka ekuqaleni kwesifo sikashukela afaka:
- Igciwane le-Conellaital rubella.
- Encephalomyocarditis virus.
- Uhlobo lwe-Reovirus 3.
- Izimpumputhe.
- I-Koksaki V.
- Cytomegalovirus.
- Igciwane le-Hepatitis C
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kungakapheli unyaka ngemuva kwezigameko eziphakeme zokuqubuka komuthi, inani lezifo sikashukela ezinganeni likhuphuka, ezinye iziguli zingase zibe nokuphazamiseka kwe-carbohydrate metabolism ngisho ne-hyperglycemia ngisho ne-ketoacidosis ngesikhathi sesifo.
Indima yama-adenovirus negciwane lomkhuhlane ekulimaleni komonakalo wamaseli we-beta kubantu abanesifiso sokuthola ifa likashukela nayo iyasolwa.
Ngakho-ke, ezigulini ezisengozini, ukuvimbela umkhuhlane wegciwane ngenkathi yesizini kuyadingeka.
Indlela yemiphumela elimazayo yamagciwane kushukela
Uma leli gciwane lingena emzimbeni, lingaba nomphumela olimazayo ngqo kumaseli we-beta, abangele ukufa kwabo. Isici sesibili esiholela ekubhujisweni kwezicubu ze-islet ukuthuthukiswa kwezimpendulo zomzimba eziqondile. Ngasikhathi sinye, izakhiwo zama-membranes zamaseli ziyashintsha, emva kwalokho zibonwe ngumzimba njengama-antigen angaphandle.
Ukuphendula ukubonakala kwama-antigen anjalo, ukukhiqizwa kwama-antibodies ku-membrane kuyaqala, okuholela kwinqubo yokuvuvukala elandelwa ukubhujiswa kweseli. Umsebenzi wawo wonke amasosha omzimba nawo uyashintsha, izakhiwo zokuzivikela eziwohlokayo, nokusabela kumangqamuzana akheziwe kuyandiswa.
Isenzo samagciwane siveza ngamandla amakhulu ngokubhujiswa kanyekanye kwamaseli ngezinto ezinobuthi - ama-nitrate, umuthi, amakhambi anobuthi, ubuthi, uma kunesifo sesibindi.
Ukubhujiswa kwamaseli e-pancreatic kanye nokubonakaliswa okuhambelana nokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela kuhamba ngezigaba eziningana:
- Isigaba sokuthatha kuqala: akukho okubonakaliswa kwesifo sikashukela, ushukela wegazi kujwayelekile, amasosha omzimba kuma-pancreatic beta cell atholakala egazini.
- Isigaba sikashukela se-latent: i-glycemia esheshayo iyinto evamile, isivivinyo sokubekezelela ushukela siveza ukwehliswa kwe-insulin, ngoba amahora amabili ngemuva kokudla ushukela egazini layo kuphezulu kunokwejwayelekile.
- I-mellitus ecacile yesifo sikashukela: kunezimpawu zokuqala ezijwayelekile zokwanda ushukela wegazi (ukoma, isifiso sokudla, ukuphuma komchamo ngokweqile, i-glucosuria). Kulimele ngaphezu kwe-90% yamaseli e-beta.
Ama-antibodies kuma-anti cell cell kanye nama-cytoplasm avela ezinyangeni zokuqala zalesi sifo, bese kuthi, lapho isifo sikashukela siqhubeka, inani lawo liyancipha.
Ukutholwa kwabo egazini kukhombisa ukuthi kungenzeka babe nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1.
Uhlobo 1 Ukuvimbela Ushukela
Ngokwe-theoret, inketho enhle ukususa izakhi ezilimazayo kubantu abanesifiso sokuthola ifa likashukela. Ekusebenzeni, lokhu kuyinkinga impela, ngoba amagciwane, ama-nitrate kanye nobuthi banobuhlakani obukhulu.
Uma kubhekwa iqhaza lamagciwane ekwakhiweni kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, kugonyelwa ukulwa negciwane lomkhuhlane, umiyane, uKoksaki kanye ne-rubella. Kepha kuze kube manje lokhu akutholakalanga ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi, ngoba kukhona amathuba okuthola impendulo ye-autoimmune ekugomeni.
Indlela efakazelwe yokuvimbela isifo sikashukela enganeni wancelisa ibele, njengoba ubisi lukamama luqukethe ama-immunoglobulins avikelekile, kanye ne-protein yobisi lwenkomo ezinganeni ezihlolwe zofuzo ikhulisa ubungozi bokukhula kwesifo sikashukela, okuzibonakalisa ukwephula ukungatheleleki kwamangqamuzana, ukwanda kwe-titer of antibodies to cell beta and insulin.
Izindlela zesibili zokuvimbela isifo sikashukela zifaka izindlela ezingabambezela ukuqala kwesigaba sokubonisa, okungukuthi, isifo sikashukela esikhanyayo, noma ukunciphisa ubulukhuni bokubonakaliswa kwalo kliniki. Eziningi zalezi zindlela ziyizilingo:
- Ukusetshenziswa kwe-immunosuppressor - uCyclosporin A. Kwehlisa ukushona kwamangqamuzana e-beta. Kungadala ukuxolelwa kwesifo sikashukela unyaka.
- IVitamin D ivimbela ukuthuthukiswa kokubhujiswa kwe-autoimmune kwama-pancreas. Imiphumela emihle yatholakala ngokuqokwa ebuntwaneni.
- Nicotianamide. I-Nicotinic acid eluhlobo 2 sikashukela yandisa isikhathi sokuxolelwa. Umuthi unganciphisa isidingo se-insulin.
- I-immunomodulator Linamide kumithamo ephansi ivikela amaseli e-beta lapho inikezwe isigaba sokugcina.
Ukuvimbela i-insulin kunganciphisa ukuqala kwesifo sikashukela ezihlotsheni zokuqala. Kunobufakazi bokuthi ngisho nokuphathwa kwesikhashana kwe-insulin kungabambezela ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela ngeminyaka engu-2-3. Le ndlela isenaso isisekelo sobufakazi obunganele.
Izindlela zokuhlola zifaka nokugoma ngama-lymphocyte abuthaka, ahileleka ekuphenduleni kwe-autoimmune. Ucwaningo lwenziwa ngokuphathwa kwe-insulin lapho kuphathwa ngomlomo noma nge-intranasally ngendlela ye-aerosol.
Ukuze unciphise amathuba okukhula kwesifo sikashukela ezinganeni, i-prophylaxis yokutheleleka iyadingeka lapho uhlela ukukhulelwa, kanye nangesikhathi sokukhula kwengane. Ngakho-ke, ngesandulela selifa, ukuhlolwa okugcwele kwabazali besikhathi esizayo nokubonwa kowesifazane ngesikhathi sokuzala kuyadingeka.
Isazi esivela kuvidiyo ekulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngezindlela zokuvimbela isifo sikashukela.
