Kuhlobo 2 sikashukela mellitus, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhomba ukuthi amangqamuzana abuthakathaka azwela kangakanani ku-hormone; ngoba lokhu, kokubili glucose ne-insulin kunqunywa ngemuva kokuzivocavoca, okujwayelekile ngemuva kwamahora ama-2.
Ucwaningo olunjalo luvunyelwe bobabili ebuntwaneni (kusukela eminyakeni eyi-14 ubudala) nakubantu abadala, asebekhulile ngisho nabesifazane abakhulelwe abade.
Ukuba yindlela elula yokuxilonga, ukuhlola ukubekezelela ushukela kukuvumela ukuthi unqume ngokunembile izinga ushukela ne-insulin egazini. Kwenziwa kanjani futhi yini amazinga ajwayelekile e-insulin ngemuva kokudla? Sizokuqonda.
Ngidinga ukuhlolwa nini?
Ngoba isifo sikashukela yisifo esivame kakhulu, i-WHO incoma ngokuqinile ukuhlolwa kwe-glucose ne-insulin okungenani kabili ngonyaka.
Imicimbi enjalo izovikela umuntu emiphumeleni emibi yesifo "esimnandi", kwesinye isikhathi esithuthuka ngokwanele ngaphandle kwezimpawu eziphawuliwe.
Noma, empeleni, isithombe somtholampilo sikashukela sikhulu kakhulu. Izimpawu eziphambili zalesi sifo i-polyuria kanye nokoma okunganqobeki.
Lezi zinqubo ezimbili ze-pathological zidalwa ukwanda komthwalo ezinso, okuhlunga igazi, kukhulule umzimba kuzo zonke izinhlobo zobuthi, kufaka phakathi ushukela omningi.
Kungahle kube nezimpawu ezibonisa ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela, noma zishiwo kancane, izimpawu ezilandelayo:
- ukunciphisa umzimba ngokushesha;
- umuzwa ongapheli wendlala;
- umlomo owomile
- ukuhwaqa noma ukuqina kwemilenze;
- ikhanda kanye nesiyezi;
- ukugaya ukudla okucashile (isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, ukuthopha);
- ukonakala kwemishini ebukwayo;
- ukwanda kwengcindezi yegazi;
- ukunciphisa isikhathi sokunakwa;
- ukukhathala nokungaphatheki kahle;
- Izinkinga zocansi;
- kwabesifazane - ukungahambi kahle kokuya esikhathini.
Uma lezo zimpawu zembulwa kuwe uqobo, umuntu kufanele abonane nodokotela ngokushesha. Futhi, uchwepheshe uvame ukuqondisa ukuthi enze indlela ecacile yokuthola izinga le-glucose. Uma imiphumela ikhombisa ukukhula kwesimo se-prediabetesic, udokotela uyalela isiguli ukuthi sihlolwe umthwalo.
Yilolu cwaningo oluzosiza ekutholeni ukubekezela kwe-glucose.
Izinkomba kanye ne-contraindication yocwaningo
Ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi kusiza ekuboneni ukusebenza kwamanyikwe. Umongo wokuhlaziywa ukuthi inani elithile le-glucose liphathiswa isiguli, kuthi ngemuva kwamahora amabili bathathe igazi ukuze kuqhubeke uphenyo. Kunamaseli we-beta kuma-pancreas abhekele ukwenziwa kwe-insulin. Ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, ama-80-90% ala maseli ayathinteka.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezifundo ezinjalo - ukungena ngaphakathi nangomlomo noma ngomlomo. Indlela yokuqala isetshenziswa kakhulu. Le ndlela yokuphatha ushukela iyasiza kuphela lapho isiguli uqobo singakwazi ukuphuza uketshezi olunoshukela. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ukucasuka kwamathumbu. Uhlobo lwesibili lokufunda ukuthi isiguli sidinga ukuphuza amanzi amtoti. Njengomthetho, i-100 mg kashukela ihlanjululwe ku-300 ml wamanzi.
Yimaphi ama-pathologies udokotela angawabeka ekuhlolweni kokukhuthazelela ushukela? Uhlu lwabo aluncane kangako.
Ukuhlaziywa komthwalo kwenziwa ngokusola:
- Thayipha isifo sikashukela sesi-2.
- Thayipha isifo sikashukela sokuqala.
- Isifo sikashukela sokutholwa kwesisu.
- Isifo se-Metabolic.
- Isimo sesifo sikashukela.
- Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile.
- Ama-pancreatic and adrenal gland dysfunctions.
- Ukuphazamiseka kwesibindi noma i-pituitary gland.
- Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-endocrine.
- Ukuphazamiseka kokubekezelela ushukela.
Noma kunjalo, kukhona okuphula umthetho lapho ukusebenza kwalolu cwaningo kuzodingeka kuhlehliswe isikhathi esithile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- inqubo yokuvuvukala emzimbeni;
- i-malaise ejwayelekile;
- Isifo sikaCrohn kanye ne-peptic ulcer;
- Izinkinga zokudla ngemuva kokuhlinzwa esiswini;
- isifo sohlangothi esibuhlungu se-hemorrhagic;
- ukuvuvukala kobuchopho noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo;
- ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokuvimbela inzalo;
- ukuthuthukiswa kwe-acromegaly noma i-hyperthyroidism;
- ukudliwa kwe-acetosolamide, i-thiazides, i-phenytoin;
- ukusetshenziswa kwama-corticosteroids nama-steroid;
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu cwaningo kufanele luhlehliswe lapho kukhona ukushoda kwe-magnesium ne-calcium emzimbeni.
Ilungiselela ukuhlolwa
Ukuthola imiphumela ethembeke kakhulu, kufanele wazi ukuthi ungawulungiselela kanjani umnikelo wegazi ushukela. Okokuqala, okungenani ezinsukwini ezingama-3-4 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa ngomthwalo weglucose, awudingi ukwenqaba ukudla okuqukethe ama-carbohydrate. Uma isiguli singakunaki ukudla, ngokungangabazeki lokhu kuzothinta imiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwakhe, kukhombisa amazinga aphansi eglucose ne-insulin. Ngakho-ke, awunakukhathazeka uma umkhiqizo othile uqukethe ama-carbohydrate ayi-150g noma ngaphezulu.
Okwesibili, ngaphambi kokuthatha igazi okungenani izinsuku ezintathu, kwenqatshelwe ukuthatha izidakamizwa ezithile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izindlela zokuvimbela inzalo ngomlomo, i-glucocorticosteroids, ne-thiazide diuretics. Futhi amahora angu-15 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa okunomthwalo kwenqatshelwe ukuthatha utshwala nokudla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlala-kahle yesiguli ithinta ukuthembeka kwemiphumela. Uma umuntu enze umsebenzi omningi ngokweqile ngosuku olwandulela ukuhlaziywa, imiphumela yocwaningo kungenzeka ukuthi ayilona iqiniso. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuthatha igazi, isiguli sidinga ukulala kahle ebusuku. Uma isiguli kufanele sihlaziyekile ngemuva kokuhamba ebusuku, kungcono ukuhlehlisa lo mcimbi.
Akumelwe sikhohlwe ngesimo se-psycho-ngokomzwelo: ukucindezela kuthinta nezinqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni.
Ukuthola imiphumela yocwaningo
Ngemuva kokuthi udokotela ethole imiphumela yokuhlolwa inomthwalo ezandleni, angakwazi ukuxilonga isiguli sakhe.
Kwezinye izimo, uma uchwepheshe engabaza, uqondisa isiguli ukuthi sihlaziye kabusha.
Kusukela ngo-1999, i-WHO isungule izinkomba ezithile zokuhlola ukubekezelela i-glucose.
Amanani ngezansi ahlobana nesampula egadwe ngomunwe futhi akhombisa amazinga e-glucose ezimweni ezihlukile.
| Esiswini esingenalutho | Ngemuva kokuphuza uketshezi noshukela | |
| Norm | sisuka ku-3.5 siye ku-5.5 mmol / l | ngaphansi kuka-7.5 mmol / l |
| Isifo sikashukela | isuka ku-5.6 iye ku-6.0 mmol / l | sisuka ku-7.6 kuye ku-10.9 mmol / l |
| Isifo sikashukela mellitus | ngaphezu kwe-6.1 mmol / l | ngaphezu kwe-11.0 mmol / l |
Ngokuqondene nezinkomba ezijwayelekile ze-glucose egazini le-venous, zihlukile kancane kunamanani angenhla.
Ithebula elilandelayo linikeza izinkomba.
| Esiswini esingenalutho | Ngemuva kokuphuza uketshezi noshukela | |
| Norm | sisuka ku-3.5 siye ku-5.5 mmol / l | ngaphansi kuka-7.8 mmol / l |
| Isifo sikashukela | isuka ku-5.6 iye ku-6.0 mmol / l | sisuka ku-7.8 kuya ku-11.0 mmol / l |
| Isifo sikashukela mellitus | ngaphezu kwe-6.1 mmol / l | ngaphezu kwe-11.1 mmol / l |
Ngabe yini i-insulin ejwayelekile ngaphambi nangemuva kokuzivocavoca? Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi izinkomba zingahluka kancane kuye ngokuthi ilabhorethri isiguli esiphi kulolu cwaningo. Kodwa-ke, amanani ajwayelekile kakhulu akhombisa ukuthi yonke into ihlelwe nge-carbohydrate metabolism kumuntu yile elandelayo:
- I-insulin ngaphambi kokulayisha: 3-17 μIU / ml.
- I-insulin ngemuva kokuzivocavoca (ngemuva kwamahora ama-2): 17.8-173 μMU / ml.
Njalo ezigulini eziyi-9 kwezingu-10 ezithola ngesifo sikashukela okuthiwa i-mellitus singena ethukile. Noma kunjalo, awunakukhathazeka. Umuthi wanamuhla awumi namanje futhi usungula izindlela ezintsha kakhulu zokubhekana nalesi sifo. Izici eziyinhloko zokuthola kabusha okuphumelelayo zihlala:
- ukwelashwa kwe-insulin nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa;
- ukuqapha njalo kwe-glycemia;
- ukugcina indlela yokuphila esebenzayo, okungukuthi, ukuzivocavoca ngokwelapha isifo sikashukela sanoma yiluphi uhlobo;
- ukugcina ukudla okulinganiselayo.
Ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela kwe-glucose ukucubungula okunokwethenjelwa okusiza ukunquma hhayi kuphela inani le-glucose, kodwa futhi ne-insulin nge futhi ngaphandle kokuzivocavoca. Uma yonke imithetho ilandelwa, isiguli sizothola imiphumela ethembeke kakhulu.
Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko ichaza ukuthi ungazilungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa.
