Kwezinye izimo, isifo sikashukela sidlula cishe singenazimpawu eziphawuliwe, ngakho-ke, i-WHO incoma ukuthi izingane zihlole ushukela okungenani kanye ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, ingane ngayinye inenkambiso etafuleni, nayo ingatholwa kalula kwi-Intanethi.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-glucose kuyindlela yokuphoqelela uma kwenzeka kune-hyper- noma hypoglycemia. Lapho isiguli sinezinkinga kashukela egazini, umzimba wayo uqala ukudonsa amandla adingekayo kumaseli wamafutha, ukhulula imikhiqizo ebolile enobuthi - imizimba ye-ketone.
Ushukela owengeziwe yi-harbinger yesifo sikashukela, esaziwa ngokuthi "isifo" sekhulu lama-21.
Yiziphi izimpawu ze-hyperglycemia?
Okokuqala, abazali kudingeka baqonde ukuthi kufanele bathinte nini uchwepheshe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukwazi ukuthi iziphi izimpawu zomzimba ezikhona ezibonisa ukwanda noma ukuncipha kweglucose yegazi.
Izimpawu ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-hyperglycemia, ezinganeni nakumuntu omdala, zomile ezingenakuqhathaniswa nokuchama ngokushesha.
Lezi zimpawu zidalwa yingcindezi eyandayo ezinso. Njengoba isitho esibhanqiwe sihlunga igazi, sisusa ushukela omningi emzimbeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinso zidinga uketshezi olwengeziwe, ziqala ukuwususa izicubu zemisipha bese zisusa ushukela owedlulele. Umbuthano onesihluku onjalo uholela eqinisweni lokuthi ingane ifuna ukuphuza njalo, bese - eya endlini yangasese "ngendlela encane."
Izimpawu zamazinga kashukela ashibhile zivame ukufihlwa. Akumangazi ukuthi ukuqondisisa imiphumela yeziguli eziningi kusimangaza kakhulu.
Umama udinga ukunaka izimpawu ezinjalo ezinganeni:
- umlomo owomile
- ubuthakathaka, ukukhathala;
- isiyezi, ikhanda ((kwesinye isikhathi);
- imivimbo esikhunjeni;
- ukuluma, ikakhulukazi endaweni eseduze.
Inqubo yokuqalisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ibangela izinkinga eziningi. I-hyperglycemia yesikhathi eside iholela ekulimazelweni okubukwayo ngenxa yokuvuvukala kwe-retina, okungabangela ukulahleka kwayo ngokuphelele.
Futhi, ukugcwala okwandayo kwe-glucose kuholela ekwehlulekeni kwezinso, i-pathologies yenhliziyo, unyawo lwesifo sikashukela nezinye izinkinga.
Yiziphi izimpawu ze-hypoglycemia?
Ukwehla ushukela wegazi kuholela ekukhuculweni kokukhushulwa kwezindlala ze-adrenal kanye nokwanda komsebenzi wokuphelela kwezinzwa. I-adrenaline ekhutshiwe, nayo, iqala ukukhipha izitolo ezinoshukela emzimbeni.
Ezinye izinkomba ze-hypoglycemia azifani nezimpawu ze-hyperglycemia.
Ingane ingakhala ngekhanda, isiyezi, ukukhathala, kanye nokukhubazeka okujwayelekile.
Kunezimpawu ezithile zokugxila kweglucose ephansi:
- Ukukhathazeka nokungaphatheki kahle;
- Ukuphola nokuqhaqhazela umzimba.
- Ukwehla kwezinsiza ezibukwayo.
- I-Tachycardia (palpitations).
- Umuzwa ongenangqondo wendlala.
I-hypoglycemia yesikhathi eside ingaholela emiphumeleni emibi - ukudideka, ukweqiwa kanye nethambo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushoda ushukela kuholela ekuphazamisekeni okungalungiseki kwe-cortex ye-cerebral. Ngakho-ke, izifundo zidinga ukuqhutshwa kabili ngonyaka ukuze kukhonjwe izinqubo ezihambisana nomzimba emzimbeni.
Inganekwane isasazeke ukuthi i-hyper- ne-hypoglycemia izifunda ezihluke ngokuphelele ezikhona ngokwahlukana.
Izinga le-glucose eliphansi lingabhekwa kuma-diabetes njengoba kuthathwa izidakamizwa ze-hypoglycemic.
Izinhlobo eziphambili zokuhlolwa kwegazi
Lapho umama ebona izimpawu ezisolisayo enganeni ezingabonisa ukwanda noma ukwehla kokuxineka ushukela, kufanele abambe isandla sakhe ngokuphuthumayo ku-endocrinologist. Futhi, udokotela, ngemuva kokuhlola isiguli esincane, uthumela ukuba sihlaziywe.
Njengamanje, ethandwa kakhulu yindlela esheshayo, enamakhemikhali, enomthwalo ku-hemoglobin ye-glycated. Ake sibheke ngamunye ngemininingwane eminingi.
Indlela yokuveza. Kususelwa egameni kuphela, kungaqondakala ukuthi le yindlela eshesha kunazo zonke yokulinganisa ukugxila kwe-glucose. Kuhlolwa kwenziwa nge-glucometer, ngokuzimela nasesikhungweni sezokwelapha.
Ukunquma kahle umphumela, kufanele:
- geza izandla kahle ngaphambi kokusampula kwegazi;
- welula umunwe lapho kuzokwenziwa khona i-punning;
- busebenzise ngotshwala bese wenza i-pununch usebenzisa isikhwehlela;
- Sula i-tone yokuqala nge-napkin;
- owesibili - gxumela emgqeni wokuhlola bese ulufaka kudivayisi;
- lindela umphumela ekubonisweni kwemitha.
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokwephulwa kwemithetho yokusebenzisa ucingo, iphutha ekutholeni imiphumela yamanga kwesinye isikhathi lifinyelela ku-20%.
Isifundo se-Biochemical. Lokhu kuhlaziywa kudinga igazi eliyinqolobane noma le-venous. Njengomthetho, wenziwa ngesisu esingenalutho ekuseni, ngakho-ke isiguli akufanele sidle okungenani amahora angama-10 ngaphambi kokuthatha i-biomaterial. Ukuthola umphumela onokwethenjelwa, udinga ukulungiselela ukunikela ngegazi likashukela enganeni. Ngosuku olwandulela isivivinyo, awudingi ukulayisha ingane ngokuzivocavoca umzimba, imvumele aphumule okuningi. Akuvunyelwe nokudla ukudla okuningi okuqukethe ushukela. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa ithonywa izici ezinjengokuxineka, izifo ezingapheli noma ezithathelanayo, nokukhathala.
Ukuhlolwa kwemithwalo (isivivinyo sokubekezelela ushukela). Uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile kungakutholanga ukuphambuka, ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi akukho okubhekwayo kushukela, lolu hlobo lokutadisha luyenziwa. Siqukethe izigaba ezimbili. Ekuqaleni, isiguli sithatha igazi emthanjeni siye esiswini esingenalutho. Esigabeni sesibili, uphuza amanzi amtoti (okwe-300 ml koketshezi, 100 g kashukela). Ngemuva kwalokho, igazi le-capillary lithathwa njalo ngesigamu sehora amahora amabili. Lapho kuphumelela isivivinyo, ukuphuza nokudla akuvunyelwe.
Ucwaningo nge-glycated hemoglobin. Ngokusebenzisa lokhu kuhlaziya, imithamo edingekayo yokwelashwa kwe-insulin inqunywa. Kubhekwa njengendlela yesikhathi eside yokunquma amazinga kashukela, ngoba kuthatha izinyanga ezintathu.
Umphumela walolu cwaningo uyinkomba yokulinganiselwa ekhombisa ngokuqondile ukugcwala kweglucose.
Ukuthola imiphumela yocwaningo
Ngemuva kokuthatha inani elidingekayo le-biomaterial, ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngoshukela kuyabhalwa. Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi amapharamitha awathinteki nganoma iyiphi indlela ubulili besiguli.
Kodwa iminyaka yobudala idlala indima enkulu, futhi kuye kwenziwa itafula elikhethekile lezingane, elisabalalisa amazinga kashukela ezigaba ezahlukahlukene zobudala.
Imvamisa, iyunithi lokulinganisa kokuqukethwe ushukela kubhekwa njenge-mol / litre. Okungaphansi kakhulu i-mg / 100ml, mg / dl, futhi ne-mg%. Lapho kunikezwe imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-biochemical, amanani akhonjiswa njenge- "Glu" (ushukela).
Ithebula elilandelayo linikeza ukwehlukana kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi elabhorekile ngoshukela ezinganeni.
| Iminyaka | Imvelo, mmol / l | I-Hyperglycemia, mmol / L | I-Hypoglycemia, mmol / l | Isifo sikashukela mellitus, mmol / l |
| ngaphansi konyaka owodwa | sisuka ku-2.8 kuya ku-4.4 | ngaphezulu kwe-4,5 | ngaphansi kuka-2.7 | ngaphezulu kuka-6.1 |
| kusuka eminyakeni eyi-1 kuye kweyi-5 | sisuka ku-3.3 kuya ku-5.0 | ngaphezulu kuka-5.1 | ngaphansi kuka-3.3 | ngaphezulu kuka-6.1 |
| ngaphezulu kweminyaka engu-5 | 3.5 kuya ku-5.5 | ngaphezulu kuka-5.6 | ngaphansi kwama-3,5 | ngaphezulu kuka-6.1 |
Lapho wenza isivivinyo sokubekezelela ushukela, umphumela okhombisa izinga elijwayelekile loshukela uhla lwamanani ukusuka ku-3.5 kuya ku-5.5 mmol (esiswini esingenalutho) nangaphansi kuka-7.8 mmol / l (ngemuva kwamanzi amnandi).
Amanani ajwayelekile lapho kudlula isivivinyo se-glycated hemoglobin kufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-5.7%. Mayelana noshukela uthi inani elinje ngo-6.5% noma ngaphezulu.
Yikuphi ukuhlaziya okungcono?
Impendulo ngqo yombuzo wokuthi yikuphi ukuhlaziya okungcono ayinakunikezwa. Konke kuncike ebangeni le-hypo- noma le-hyperglycemia, izimpawu zesiguli, okuthandwa ngudokotela kanye nemishini esikhungweni sezokwelapha.
Iziguli eziningi zizibuza ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlolwa kwesifo sikashukela okunembe kakhudlwana - ukucacisa noma ilabhorethi? Yize i-glucose ivame ukunqunywa indlela ye-expression, imiphumela yayo ithathwa njengeyandulela. Uma beqinisekisa ukukhuphuka noma ukwehla ushukela, kunqunywa ezinye izivivinyo eziningi.
Ukuhlolwa okungenhla akuchazi uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela. Ukuthola uhlobo lwesifo esincike ku-insulin noma olungatheni i-insulin, kwenziwa i-C-peptide test. Imvamisa, uhlobo 1 sikashukela luvama ukukhula ebuntwaneni. Enye yezinto ezingathinta ukwanda kwe-glycemia ukungalingani kwama-hormone ebusheni kanye nokuhlukumezeka ngokomzwelo.
Kunombono wokuthi kwesinye isikhathi isivivinyo esisodwa asikwazi ukukhombisa ubukhona bokuphambuka. Eqinisweni, ngezibonakaliso eziphakeme zesifo sikashukela, isifundo esisodwa sanele ukuthola imiphumela ekhombisa ukuncipha noma ukwanda koshukela.
Kodwa-ke, isifo sikashukela akuyona ukuphela kwesifo lapho i-hypo- noma i-hyperglycemia yenzeka khona. Ama-pathologies alandelayo angathinta amazinga kashukela:
- Ukwehluleka kwangempela
- Ukungasebenzi kwesibindi.
- I-pancreatic tumor.
- Isifo se-Endocrine
Uma imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi ingane inokuqukethwe koshukela okudlulile noma okulinganiselwe phansi, kufanele ulandele konke ukunconywa kukadokotela. Isifo sikashukela asisiwona umusho, ngakho-ke kufanele ulwele ushukela wegazi ojwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, abazali bazokwazi ukunikeza impilo ephelele yengane yabo.
Kwividiyo ekulesi sihloko, uDkt Komarovsky ukhuluma ngesifo sikashukela ezinganeni.
