I-Insulin Gensulin N: ubude besenzo nokwakhiwa komuthi

I-Gensulin iyisixazululo somjovo wesifo sikashukela i-mellitus. Umuthi ubekwa ngemithi uma kungenzeka uzwakale kakhulu ngezakhi, kanye ne-hypoglycemia.

IGensulin H iyi-insulin yesikhathi esiphakathi nabantu. Umuthi utholakala kusetshenziswa izindlela zanamuhla zobunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo. IGensulin H isetshenziselwa ukulawula i-glucose metabolism.

IMeans Gensulin N imhlophe, ekuphumuleni kuxazululeka nge-white precipitate, ngenhla kuyinto ewuketshezi ngaphandle kombala.

I-Pharmacology nokwakheka

IGensulin H iyi-insulin yomuntu eyadalwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe besimanjemanje be-DNA. Leli khambi lisebenza njengokulungiselela kwe-insulin enesikhathi sesikhathi sokusebenza.

Umuthi uxhumana nama-receptors we-cytoplasmic membrane yangaphandle yamaseli. Kwakhiwa isakhi esiyinkimbinkimbi, kanye nokwakheka kwama-enzymes athile asemqoka, okungukuthi:

• i-pyruvate kinase,
• hexokinase
• glycogen synthetase.

Isenzo sokulungiswa kwe-insulin sizoba isikhathi eside nesilinganiso esihle sokufaka. Ijubane leli ngokuya ngemibandela efana:

1. umthamo
2. indawo nendlela yokuphatha.

Isenzo somkhiqizo singashintsha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuyasebenza kubantu abehlukene, nasezifundeni zomuntu ofanayo.

Umuthi unephrofayili ethile yesenzo. Ngakho-ke, ithuluzi liqala ukusebenza ngemuva kwehora nesigamu, ukusebenza kwalo okuphezulu kutholakala esikhathini samahora angama-3-10. Isikhathi somuthi amahora angama-24.

Ukwakheka kwalesi sidakamizwa kuqukethe i-100 IU yomuntu i-insulin esetshenziswayo nge-1 ml. Ababizi yilezi:

• metacresol
• glycerol
• protamine sulfate,
• zinc oxide
• phenol
• sodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate,
• amanzi ngomjovo
• i-hydrochloric acid kuya ku-pH ka-7.0-7.6.

Isimiso sokusebenza

IGensulin H iyaxhumana nama-membrane cell membrane. Ngakho-ke, kuvela i-insulin receptor complex.

Lapho ukukhiqizwa kwe-AMP kumaseli wesibindi kukhuphuka noma lapho amaseli emisipha engena emangqamuzaneni, inkimbinkimbi ye-insulin receptor iqala ukuvuselela izinqubo ze-intracellular.

Ukwehla kwezinga le-glucose kubangelwa:

1. umsebenzi owengeziwe ngaphakathi kwamaseli,
2. ukumuncwa okuthe xaxa koshukela ngezicubu,
3. synthesis amaprotheni
4. i-activation of lipogenesis,
5. glycogenesis
6. ukwehla kwezinga lokukhiqizwa ushukela kwesibindi.

Imiyalo yokusebenzisa umuthi

Umthamo wesidakamizwa unqunywa udokotela esimweni ngasinye. Kususelwa kuzinkomba zokuhlushwa ushukela wegazi, kucatshangelwa izici zomuntu.

Ukufakwa entangeni kungcono kakhulu, futhi i-insulin ingafakwa emaqhugwaneni, odongeni lwesibeletho olungaphandle, nomsipha odabukisayo we-brachial. Ukushisa kokumiswa kufanele kube lokushisa kwekamelo.

Indawo yomjovo iqala ukubulawa magciwane notshwala. Ngeminwe emibili ,goqa isikhumba. Okulandelayo, udinga ukufaka inalidi engxenyeni yaphansi yamadigri angama-45 kwisisekelo sesibaya bese wenza umjovo we-insulin ongama-insulin.

Awudingi ukususa inaliti ngemizuzwana eyi-6 ngemuva komjovo ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi umuthi uphathwa ngokuphelele. Uma kunegazi endaweni yomjovo, ngemuva kokususa inaliti, beka indawo leyo kalula ngomunwe. Njalo lapho indawo yomjovo ishintshwa.

IGensulin N isetshenziswa njengesidakamizwa se-monotherapy nasekwelapheni okuyinkimbinkimbi enama-insulin amafushane - iGensulin R.

E-cartridgege kunebhola elincanyana leengilazi, elisiza ukuxuba ikhambi. Awudingi ukuthi unyakaze i-cartridge noma ibhodlela ngamandla, ngoba lokhu kungadala ukwakheka kwegwebu, okuphazamisa ukuqoqwa kwemali okuyiyo.

Kuyadingeka ukuthi kuqashwe njalo ukubonakala komkhiqizo kumabhokisini kanye nezindondo.

Kwenqatshelwe ukusebenzisa umuthi uma uqukethe ama-flakes noma izinhlayiya ezimhlophe ezinamathele ezindongeni noma ngaphansi kwesitsha.

Izinkomba kanye ne-contraindication

I-Insulin Gensulin ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa uma kukhona ukuzwela okukhulayo, kanye ne-hypoglycemia.

Umuthi usetshenziselwa ngempumelelo izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela esingu-1 no-2.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinkomba ezilandelayo:

• isigaba sokumelana nemithi ye-hypoglycemic,
• ukumelana kancane nezidakamizwa ze-hypoglycemic,
• i-pathologies esetshenzisanayo,
• imisebenzi
• isifo sikashukela ngenxa yokukhulelwa.

Imiphumela elandelayo emibi iyaziwa:

1. ukungahambi kahle komzimba: ukufupheka komoya, umkhuhlane, i-urticaria,
2. I-hypoglycemia: Ukuthuthumela, ukuzamazama komhlaba, ikhanda, ukwesaba, ukuqwasha, ukudangala, ulaka, ukuntuleka kokunyakaza, ukubona okungalungile kanye nokukhuluma, i-hypoglycemic coma,
3. isifo sikashukela kanye ne-hyperglycemia,
4. ukungaboni kahle kwesikhashana,
5. ukulunywa, i-hyperemia ne-lipodystrophy,
6. ingozi yokukhohlisa
7. ukusabela kwe-immunological nge-insulin yomuntu;
8. ukwanda kwe-antibody titer ngokukhuphuka kwe-glycemia.

Ekuqaleni kokwelashwa, kungahle kube namaphutha wokuphinda usebenze ne-edema, okuyizinto zesikhashana emvelweni.

Indlela yokujova lapho usebenzisa i-insulin ezilwaneni

Ukujova i-insulin, amasirinji akhethekile asetshenziswa ngokuya ngenani lezinto ezifakiwe. Kusezingeni eliphezulu ukusebenzisa ama-syringes omakhi kanye nohlobo olufanayo. Kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukulungiswa kwesirinji, kucatshangelwa ukugcwala kwe-insulin.

Ukulungiselela umjovo kanje:

• susa cap yokuvikela i-aluminium ku-flaon,
• phatha ukhukhamba ngebhodlela ngotshwala, ungasusi ukhukhunathi,
• faka umoya kwisirinji ehambelana nomthamo we-insulin,
• faka inaliti endaweni yokumisa irabha bese uthola umoya,
• bhoboza ibhodlela ngenaliti ngaphakathi (ukuphela kwenalithi kuyamiswa),
• thatha inani elifanele lezinto kwisirinji,
• susa ama-bubble omoya ku-syringe,
• landelela ukunemba kokuqoqwa kwe-insulin bese ususa inaliti kusuka ku-vial.

Umthamo kufanele uphathwe ngendlela ethile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga:

1. phatha isikhumba ngotshwala endaweni yomjovo,
2. ukuqoqa ucezu lwesikhumba ngesandla sakho
3. faka inaliti yesirinji ngakolunye uhlangothi ekhoneni lama-90 degrees. Udinga ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi inaliti ifakiwe ngokuphelele futhi isengxenyeni ejulile yesikhumba,
4. ukuphatha i-insulin, cindezela i-piston yonke indlela yehle, kwethula umthamo ngemizuzwana engaphansi kwemihlanu,
5. khipha inaliti esikhunjeni ngokubamba uswazi lotshwala eduze. Cindezela u-swab endaweni yomjovo imizuzwana embalwa. Musa ukuhlikihla isayithi lomjovo,
6. Ukuze uvikele ukulimala kwezicubu, udinga ukusebenzisa izindawo ezihlukile ngomjovo ngamunye. Indawo entsha kumele okungenani ibe amasentimitha ambalwa ukusuka kweyedlule.

I-Cartridge Injection Technique

Ama-Cartridges ane-insulin Gensulin N ayadingeka ukusetshenziswa ngamapeni wesirinji, ngokwesibonelo, iGensupen noma iBioton pen. Umuntu onesifo sikashukela kufanele afunde ngokucophelela imiyalo yokusebenzisa ipeni elinjalo futhi alandele ngokuqinile izincomo zemiyalo.

Idivayisi ye-cartridge ayikuvumeli ukuxutshwa nokunye ukufakwa ngaphakathi kwe-cartridge. Ama-cartridge angenalutho akufanele agcwaliswe kabusha.

Kufanele ufake umthamo owuthandayo we-insulin, onqunywe ngudokotela wakho. Indawo yomjovo kufanele iguqulwe ukuze indawo eyodwa isetshenziswe isikhathi esingaphezu koku-1 ngenyanga.

Ungaxuba isixazululo somjovo we-Gensulin P nokumiswa okwesikhashana kwe-Gensulin N. Lesi sinqumo singenziwa kuphela ngudokotela. Lapho ulungiselela le ngxube, i-insulin enesikhathi esifushane sokusebenza, okungukuthi, iGensulin P, kufanele ikhethwe kuqala kwisirinji.

Ukwethulwa kwengxube kwenzeka njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla.

Imiphumela emibi engenzeka

Isibonakaliso se-overdose ukwakheka kwe-hypoglycemia. Imikhiqizo yeshukela noma ye-carbohydrate ingathathwa ngomlomo ekwelashweni kwesiteji esincane. Kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, kubalulekile ukuthi uphathe amaswidi, ushukela, isiphuzo esimnandi, noma amakhukhi nawe njalo.

Umthelela ekutholakalweni kwe-carbohydrate metabolism ungabonakala, okuvezwa kungakhululeki kumuntu. Kwezinye izimo, kungaba:

• ukuphazamiseka kwe-hypoglycemic: ukukhanda ikhanda, ukukhukhumala kwesikhumba, ukukhuphuka kokujuluka, ukuzwakala, ukuzamazama komhlaba, ukuguguleka okungavunyelwe, umuzwa wokulamba okukhulu, i-paresthesia emgodini womlomo,
• ngenxa ye-hypoglycemia, ikoma lingakheka,
• Izimpawu ze-hypersensitivity: kwezinye izimo, i-edema kaQuincke kanye nokuqhuma kwesikhumba, kanye nokushaqeka kwe-anaphylactic,
• ukusabela endaweni yokuphatha: i-hyperemia, ukulunywa, ukuvuvukala, ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside - lipodystrophy ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela endaweni yomjovo.

Ukwehla okukhulu kweglucose, kanye nokuthi umuntu ulahlekelwe ingqondo, kubalulekile ukuphatha isixazululo sikashukela esingu-40% ngaphakathi. Lapho ukwazi ukubona ingqondo kubuyiselwe, kufanele udle ukudla okunama-carbohydrate.

Lokhu kumele kwenziwe ukuvikela inqubo ephindaphindayo ye-hypoglycemia.

Imiyalo ekhethekile

Ukuhlushwa ngoshukela wegazi kungancishiswa lapho umuntu edluliswa esuka kwi-insulin yezilwane ayiswa kwi-insulin yomuntu. Lokhu kudluliswa kufanele kuvunyelwe ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi kwenziwe kuphela ngaphansi kokuqashwa ngudokotela.

Ukuthambekela ekwakheni i-hypoglycemia kunganciphisa amandla omuntu wokushayela izimoto, kusebenza nezinqubo ezithile. Abanesifo sikashukela belulekwa ukuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi baphathe cishe ushukela ongu-20 g.

Imithamo ye-insulin iyaguqulwa lapho:

1. izifo ezithathelwanayo
2. ukuphazamiseka kwendlala yegilo,
3. Isifo sika-Addison
4. hypopituitarism,
5. CRF,
6. isifo sikashukela kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65.

I-Hypoglycemia ingaqala ngenxa ye:

• i-insulin ngokweqile
• ukushintshwa kwezidakamizwa
• ukucindezela ngokomzimba
• ukugabha nohudo
• ama-pathologies anciphisa isidingo se-insulin,
• izifo zesibindi nezinso,
• ukusebenzisana nezidakamizwa ezithile
• ukuguqulwa kwendawo yomjovo.

Ngesikhathi sokubeletha kanye nesikhathi esithile ngemuva kokubeletha, isidingo se-insulin singehliswa. Ngesikhathi sokuncelisa, udinga ukubhekwa nsuku zonke izinyanga eziningana.

Umphumela we-hypoglycemic wesidakamizwa ukhuphuka ngama-sulfonamides, futhi:

1. Mao inhibitors
2. i-carbonic anhydrase inhibitors,
3. Ama-inhibitors e-ACE, ama-NSAID,
4. Ama-anabolic steroid
5. bromocriptine
6. tetracyclines
7. shaya umoya
8. ketoconazole,
9. i-mebendazole,
10. theophylline
11. cyclophosphamide, fenfluramine, Li + amalungiselelo, pyridoxine, quinidine.

Analogs nentengo

Izindleko zomuthi zincike kumthamo nomenzi wazo. Kwi-Intanethi, bathengisa lesi sidakamizwa ngezindleko eziphansi kunasemakhemisi.

Intengo yeGensulin N ihluka kusuka kuma-ruble angama-300 kuye kwangama-850.

Ukufana kwezidakamizwa yilezi:

1. I-Biosulin N,
2. Masivuke ku-N,
3. I-Protamine insulin ephuthumayo
4. I-Insuman Bazal GT,
5. I-Insuran NPH,
6. Rosinsulin C,
7. Insulin Protafan NM,
8. I-Protafan NM Penfill,
9. I-Rinsulin NPH,
10. Humodar B 100 Rec.

Umuthi unokubukeza okuhle ikakhulukazi okuvela kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nohlobo 2.

Imiyalo yokusebenzisa i-insulin ibhalwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.