IGlucophage 850 umuthi onezakhiwo ze-hypoglycemic. Umuthi wenzelwe ukuphathwa ngomlomo. Umuthi ungoweqembu lama-Biguanides.
I-Glucophage isiza ukwehlisa izinga le-hyperglycemia futhi ayiholeli ekubonakaleni komzimba wesiguli wezimpawu ezibonakaliswa yi-hypoglycemia. Isici somuthi ukungabi namandla kwekhompiyutha esebenzayo ukuvusa izinqubo ze-insulin.
Ukusetshenziswa kwesidakamizwa kusiza ukuvimbela izinqubo ze-gluconeogenesis ne-glucogenolysis. Kusetshenziswa umuthi kunganciphisa izinga lokufakwa kweglucose kusuka kulamula wamathumbu kuye egazini.
Ukudonswa kwe-Glucofage 850 mg emzimbeni kuholela ekuvuseleleni kwezinqubo zokwenziwa kwe-glycogen synthes isenzo ngesenzo esisebenzayo somuthi osebenzayo kwi-enzyme ye-glucogen synthetase. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Glucofage kusiza ukukhuphula umthamo wokuhamba wazo zonke izinhlobo zokuhamba kwe-membrane glucose.
Ukusebenzisa umuthi kunikeza umphumela omuhle owengeziwe. IGlucophage ikwazi ukuthonya kahle i-lipid metabolism. Ngokufakwa kwento esebenzayo yesidakamizwa emzimbeni, inani eliphelele le-cholesterol, i-LDL ne-TG emzimbeni liyancipha.
Ukuthatha umuthi kusiza ekwehliseni isisindo somzimba wesiguli lapho okujwayelekile kudlulwa noma kuzinzwa ngezinga elifanayo.
Incazelo ejwayelekile yalo muthi, ukwakheka kwawo nendlela yokukhishwa
Ezibhebheni ze-glucophage, isakhi samakhemikhali esikhulu esisebenzayo yi-metformin, equkethwe kulungiselelo ngesimo se-hydrochloride.
Umuthi wenziwa ngesimo samathebhulethi, ahlanganiswe nokuhlanganiswa kwefilimu.
Ngaphezu kwenhlanganisela esemqoka yamakhemikhali, ukwakheka kwalesi sidakamizwa kufaka phakathi izakhi ezingeziwe eziphathiswe ukwenziwa kwemisebenzi yokulekelela.
Lezi zakhi ezisizayo ezakha i-glucophage yilezi:
- i-povidone;
- i-magnesium stearate.
I-membrane yefilimu yesidakamizwa ifaka ekwakhekeni kwaso isakhi esinjenge-hypromellase.
Izibhebhe zinobunjwa be-biconvex eziyindilinga. Ngokubukeka, ingxenye yesiphambano yethebhulethi iyisisindo esiningi esibonisa ukuthi sinombala omhlophe.
Umuthi ufakwa emaphaketheni amathebhulethi angama-20. Amaphakeji anjalo wezincezu ezintathu afakwa emaphaketheni, aqukethe nemiyalo yokusebenzisa umuthi.
Umuthi lo usetshenziselwa ukwelapha uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, kokubili njenge-monotherapy nalapho wenza ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-glucophage lapho kukhona isifo sikashukela esigulini kunganciphisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo. Ukusetshenziswa kwomuthi ukuvikela ushukela ekutholeni i-prediabetes emzimbeni kunganciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuba nesifo sikashukela.
Ukusetshenziswa kwesidakamizwa kukuvumela ukuthi uzuze ukulawulwa okujwayelekile kwe-glycemic.
I-Pharmacokinetics ne-pharmacodynamics yesidakamizwa
Ngemuva kokuphuza umuthi, umuthi oyinhloko osebenzayo wesidakamizwa ukhangisiwe ovela emgodini wesisu. Umuthi udonswa kahle. I-bioavailability yesidakamizwa emzimbeni womuntu icishe ibe yi-50-60%.
Ubuningi obukhulu bomuthi butholakala cishe amahora angama-2,5 ngemuva kokuthatha umuthi. Lapho uthatha umuthi ngesikhathi sokudla, izinga lokumunca liyancipha. Ngemuva kokungena emgodini wegazi, isakhi esisebenzayo somuthi sisatshalaliswa ngokushesha kuwo wonke umzimba wesiguli.
Ngenqubo yokusatshalaliswa kwe-metformin hydrochloride ngaphezulu kwezicubu zomzimba, ayihlangani namaphrotheni aqukethe kuyi-plasma yegazi.
I-Metformin empeleni ayisebenzi. Futhi ukumbiwa kwesakhiwo esisebenzayo kwenziwa izinso.
Isikhathi sempilo yengxenye esebenzayo evela emzimbeni cishe amahora angama-6.5.
Uma isiguli sinokuhluleka kwe-renal, i-Half-life yandiswa kakhulu, engavusa inqubo yokuqokelelwa kwengxenye esebenzayo emzimbeni.
Lapho uthatha umuthi njengengxenye yokwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, kufanele ubhekwe ngokukhethekile ukuthi imiphi umuthi i-Glucofage ithathwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lapho uthatha izidakamizwa ezithile nge-glucophage, amathuba okuthuthuka kwesimo se-hypoglycemic ayanda.
Ukuxhumana okunjalo phakathi kwezidakamizwa kudinga ukulungiswa kwamthamo komuthi othathwe.
Izinkomba kanye ne-contraindication yokusebenzisa umuthi
IGlucophage inconyelwa iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezikhuluphele.
Ukusetshenziswa kwomuthi kunconyelwa kungabikho kokusebenza kokudla kokudla kanye nokuzivocavoca komzimba.
Umuthi uvunyelwe ukuthi usetshenziswe ngabadala nezingane kusukela eminyakeni eyi-10.
Imiyalo yokusebenzisa i-Glucofage incoma ukuthatha umuthi njenge-prophylactic yisiguli esithole isifo sangaphambi kwesifo sikashukela esinezinto ezisengozini yokwakhiwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo II.
Njengomshini wokuvimbela wezokwelapha, isidakamizwa kufanele sisetshenziswe ezimweni lapho ukuguqulwa kwendlela yokuphila nokudla kungavumeli ukufezekisa ukulungiswa okwanele kwezinga loshukela kwiplasma yegazi.
Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, i-Glucophage inezinombolo eziningi zokuphikisana okufanele zisetshenziswe.
I-contraindication eyinhloko ekusebenziseni umuthi yile elandelayo:
- ukuba khona kwe-hypersensitivity kuzakhi eziyinhloko noma ezengeziwe ezakha umuthi.
- Ukuba khona emzimbeni wesiguli esiguliswa yisifo sikashukela, i-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela, isifo sikashukela, noma ukuqala kwenhliziyo.
- Isiguli sinokuhluleka kwe-renal noma ukusebenza kahle kwezinso.
- Ukuvela kwesimo esibuhlungu esenzeka emzimbeni ngokubonakala kwengozi yokuthola ukuphazamiseka emsebenzini wezinso. Izimo ezinjalo zingahlanganisa ukomisa, isisu, noma ukugabha.
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimo ezinzima zokutheleleka kanye nezokwethuka emzimbeni okuthinta ukusebenza kwezinso.
- Ukuba khona esigulini sokubonakaliswa okunzima kwezifo ezinzima noma ezingalapheki ezingavusa isimo se-tishu hypoxia, ngokwesibonelo, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo okuhambisana nokuqina kwemingcele ye-hemodynamic, ukwehluleka kokuphefumula, ukushaya kwenhliziyo.
- Ukwenza ukukhohlisa okuningi ezimweni lapho ukusetshenziswa kwe-insulin kudingeka khona.
- Ukuba khona kokuhluleka kwesibindi kanye nokulimazeleka kweseli yokusebenza kwesibindi.
- Ukuba khona kotshwala obungamahlalakhona esigulini, ubuthi obukhulu obuhambisana notshwala.
- Isikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuncelisa ibele.
- Ukwenza izifundo ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa eziqukethe i-iodine njengendawo engafani.
- Ukusetshenziswa kokudla okuphansi kwe-carb.
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa umuthi, kunconywa ukuthi ubonane nodokotela wakho.
Imiyalo yokusebenzisa umuthi
Umuthi uhloselwe ukusetshenziswa komlomo.
Kusetshenziswa ngesikhathi se-monotherapy noma njengengxenye yokwelapha okuyinkimbinkimbi ekwelashweni kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Lapho ushintshela ekusebenziseni i-Glucophage njengomuthi kuphela we-hypoglycemic, kufanele uqale uyeke ukusebenzisa ezinye izidakamizwa ezinomphumela ofanayo kwisifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sesiguli.
Lapho wenza i-monotherapy nge-Glucofage, umuthi uyanconywa ukuthi usetshenziswe kwimithamo elandelayo nokuqaliswa kwemithetho ethile:
- umthamo ojwayelekile wokuqala wesidakamizwa ngu-500 mg 2-3 imithamo ngosuku, umuthi kufanele uthathwe ngemuva kokudla ukudla noma ngasikhathi sinye;
- lapho wenza i-monotherapy, kunconywa njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10 ukuhlola izinga le-glycemia futhi ulungise umthamo womuthi ngokuya ngemiphumela yokulinganisa;
- lapho uthatha umuthi, umthamo kufanele ukhuphuke kancane, le ndlela yokwelashwa ivumela ukugwema ukubonakala kwemiphumela emibi ekusebenzeni kwephephabhuku lesisu;
- njengethamo lesondlo, kufanele kusetshenziswe umthamo wezidakamizwa olingana no-1500-2000 mg ngosuku;
- ukunciphisa amathuba emiphumela emibi, umthamo wansuku zonke kufanele uhlukaniswe ngemithamo emi-2;
- umthamo omkhulu wansuku zonke akufanele udlule kuma-3000 mg ngosuku.
Ukufeza umphumela omkhulu kusuka ekusebenziseni umuthi, singasetshenziswa njengenye yezakhi zokwelapha eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Imvamisa, lo muthi usetshenziswa ngokuhambisana ne-insulin.
Lapho wenza ukwelashwa okunjalo, umthamo we-Glucophage othathwe kufanele ube ngu-500 mg izikhathi ezi-2 ngosuku. Futhi umthamo wezidakamizwa eziqukethe i-hormone insulin ukhethiwe ngokuya nezinga lokuhlaselwa koshukela egazini le-plasma yesiguli.
Lapho wenza i-monotherapy nge-prediabetes, ukuphuza umuthi kunconyelwa ku-umthamo we-1000-1700 mg ngosuku. Umthamo wansuku zonke wesidakamizwa kufanele uhlukaniswe ngemithamo emibili.
Ukwenza i-monotherapy nge-prediabetes kudinga ukubhekwa njalo kwe-plasma glycemia.
Isikhathi sokuphathwa kwe-glucophage sinqunywa ngudokotela ohambelayo. Thatha umuthi ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
Imiphumela emibi lapho uphuza umuthi
Imiphumela emibi evelayo ngenkathi uphuza umuthi ingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amaningana ngokuya ngemvamisa yokutholwa kwawo.
Imvamisa, emzimbeni wesiguli lapho usebenzisa i-Glucofage yezidakamizwa, ukuphazamiseka kuqubuka ezinqubweni ze-metabolic kanye nokusebenza kohlelo lokugaya ukudla. Mhlawumbe ukuthuthukiswa kwe-lactic acidosis.
Ukusetshenziswa kwesidakamizwa isikhathi eside kuholela ekwehlekeni kokufakwa emzimbeni kwe-vitamin B12 egulayo.
Uma isiguli siveza izimpawu ze-megaloblastic anemia, zonke izindlela ezidingekayo kufanele zithathwe ngokushesha ukuqeda umphumela oseceleni.
Imvamisa, iziguli ezisebenzisa umuthi wokwelashwa zinokwephulwa kokubona ukunambitheka.
Kusukela kwipheshana lesisu, ukuvela kwemiphumela emibi njengoku:
- Isifo sikashukela
- Ukuzizwa unesicanucanu.
- Ukuqhafaza.
- Ubuhlungu esiswini.
- Yehlise iphango.
Imvamisa, le miphumela emibi yenzeka ekuqaleni kwesigaba sokuphuza umuthi futhi ezimweni eziningi, imiphumela enjalo ihamba kancane kancane ngokusetshenziswa komuthi.
Ezimweni ezingavamile, lapho uthatha umuthi, ukuvela kwesikhumba okuhlukahlukene ngendlela yokuqhuma nokulunywa kungenzeka.
Ukufana kwezidakamizwa, kubukeza ngakho nangezindleko zako
Ukuthengwa kwe-Glucophage kusuka kwisifo sikashukela kungenziwa kunoma yisiphi isikhungo samakhemikhali, inqobo nje uma isiguli sinemithi enqunywe ngudokotela ohambelayo. Izindleko zomuthi eziseRussia zisukela kuma-ruble ayi-124 kuye kwangama-340 ngephakeji ngalinye, kuya ngesifunda ezweni.
Ukubuyekezwa komuthi kukhombisa ukuthi yi-ejenti esebenza kahle kahle ye-hypoglycemic, okuthi, ngaphezu kokulawula izinga loshukela egazini le-gazi lesiguli, kungaba nomthelela omuhle enkombeni yomzimba wesiguli futhi, lapho sikhona ukukhuluphala, kwehlise izinga layo.
Ukubuyekezwa okungalungile mayelana nomuthi akuvamile futhi ukubukeka kwawo kuhlotshaniswa nokwephulwa kwezincomo zokusetshenziswa kwomuthi.
Ama-analogues ajwayelekile kakhulu omuthi alandelayo:
- Siofor
- I-Diaformin OD.
- I-Glucophage Long.
Imvamisa, iGlucophage Long isetshenziswa njenge-analog. Lesi sidakamizwa sinesikhathi esengeziwe esisebenzayo. Ungathenga i-Glucophage Long, njenganoma iyiphi enye i-analogue, kunoma yisiphi isikhungo semithi. Ukuthola lolu hlobo lwemithi, kuzodingeka futhi incwadi kadokotela. Izindleko zama-analogues zomuthi ziseduze nezindleko ze-Glucofage. Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko izosho ngomuthi ngokuzayo.
