Ngaphandle kwegama "elimnandi", isifo sikashukela enganeni siyisifo esiyingozi kakhulu, kusukela lapho ukubulawa kwabantu kwakungamaphesenti ayikhulu ngaphambi kokuqalwa kokwelashwa kwe-insulin.
Kulezi zinsuku, inqobo nje uma ukwelashwa kuqalwa ngesikhathi, izingane ezigulayo ziphila isikhathi eside nje ngokuba umuntu omdala onempilo.
Izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emithathu ubudala ziyehluka komunye, kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lwalesi sifo esitholakala enganeni. Kulokhu, imbangela yesifo sikashukela sanoma yiluphi uhlobo ukwephulwa kwamanyikwe, okhiqiza i-insulin. Ngakho-ke kumuntu ophilile, i-insulin iyayeka ukukhiqizwa ngemuva kwamahora amabili idlile.
Njengamanje, isayensi yezokwelapha yanamuhla ihlukanisa izinhlobo ezimbili zesifo sikashukela. Uhlobo lokuqala lubonakala ngokuntuleka kwe-insulin egazini, kanti amaseli wamanyikwe angawakhiqiza amancane noma angawakhiquli ngokomthetho. Ngenxa yalokho, umzimba wezingane awukwazi ukubhekana nokuqhutshwa kweglucose, ngenxa yalokho izinkomba zakhe zoshukela egazini zikhuphuka. Lolu phawu lwesifo sikashukela lungalungiswa ngokwethula umthamo we-insulin emzimbeni wesiguli.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 asinalo uphawu olunjalo, ngoba kule ndaba kukhiqizwa inani elanele lomzimba we-insulin emzimbeni wesiguli, kodwa kwesinye isikhathi okweqiwe kwalo kuyabhalwa. Ngenxa yalokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izitho nezinhlelo zomzimba womuntu "zisetshenziswa" kulesi simo futhi umuzwa wazo we-insulin uyancipha.
Ngenxa yalokhu, ayaziwa futhi nezinga le-glucose esegazini liba nzima ukulawula ngendlela yemvelo.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-3 zivame ukubonakaliswa ngokushesha futhi zicace ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nasemavikini.
Noma yiziphi izimpawu zezimpawu zalesi sifo ezinganeni ziyisizathu esibucayi sokumthumela emtholampilo ngokushesha ukuze ayohlolwa.
Ungacabangi ukuthi ingane "izophuma" futhi konke kuzodlula. Isifo sikashukela yisifo esikhohlisayo futhi singathola isiguli okwamanje.
Izimpawu eziphambili zesifo sikashukela enganeni engaphansi kweminyaka emithathu yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Ukuchama kaningi. Iqiniso ukuthi iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zivame ukuphuza uketshezi oluningi, olukhishwa emzimbeni ngendlela yemvelo. Ngakho-ke, uma ingane iqala ukubhala ebusuku, lokhu kungasebenza njengophawu oluyingozi kakhulu lwesifo esingenzeka.
- Ukwehla kwesisindo okubukhali. Ukwehla kwesisindo okungalindelekile kungenye yezimpawu eziyinhloko zokuntuleka kwe-insulin emzimbeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, iziguli ezincane azitholi amandla ushukela ongawunika umzimba womuntu. Ngakho-ke, umzimba uqala ukufuna ithuba lokuthola amandla ngokucubungula uwoyela onqobayo nokunye ukunqwabelana kwamafutha.
- Indlala engaguquki. Izingane ezinesifo sikashukela cishe zihlala zilamba ngokudla okuhle. I-alamu kufanelekile ukushaywa lapho ingane eneminyaka engaphansi kwemithathu iyehla ngokubabazekayo. Iqiniso ukuthi into enjalo ingakhombisa ukwanda okuyingozi kakhulu kwalesi sifo - isifo sikashukela sikashukela.
- Umile njalo. Kubonakala ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1.
- Ukukhathala okungapheli. Ingane ayitholi amandla awadingayo, ngakho-ke ihlala izizwa ikhungathekile futhi ikhathele.
Ngokwehlukana, kufanelekile ukusho "umlingani" osongela impilo wesifo sikashukela mellitus njenge-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela. Iqiniso ngukuthi le nkinga yesifo ibonakala ngephunga le-acetone elisuka emlonyeni, ukozela, ukuphefumula okungajwayelekile, ukubonakaliswa kobuhlungu esiswini.
Uma kungathathelwa zinyathelo eziphuthumayo futhi ingane egulayo ingaphuthunyiswa esibhedlela, ingahle iquleke futhi ife.
Izindlela eziyisisekelo zokuxilonga
Njengoba izimpawu ezichaziwe zokugula kwezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emithathu ubudala zingase zibe uphawu kwezinye izifo, udokotela onolwazi kuphela ongasungula isifo esifanele. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, amantombazane anesifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela ajwayele ukuba ne-thrush, angavele anyamalale lapho isimo se-insulin somzimba sibuyiselwa.
Ngokuqondene nezindlela eziyisisekelo zokuxilonga, isifo sikashukela ezinganeni singabonakala lapho sibonisa izimpawu ze-polyuria, polydipsia, ukwehla okukhulu kwesisindo, kanye ne-hyperglycemia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela kufanele axwayise ushukela wegazi lesiguli ufinyelela ku-7 mmol / L. Uma ihleliwe, isiguli kuzodingeka sithunyelwe ukuhlolwa kwesibili. Futhi uphawu oluyingozi kakhulu luyinkomba ye-11 mmol / litre.
Ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe, ukuhlaziya ushukela wegazi ukuthi izingane zithatha igazi esiswini esingenalutho, kanye nangemva kokuqeda u-75 g we-glucose oncibilikisiwe kumamililitha wamanzi angama-300. Ukunquma amandla e-glucose ukubola, ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngomunwe kuyaphindaphindeka amahora amabili njalo ngemizuzu engamashumi amathathu. Kunezinkomba ezijwayelekile, amanani anqunyelwe anikezwe ngenhla. Uma zidlulile, kumele kuthathwe izinyathelo eziphuthumayo ukuvikela isiguli ukuthi singangenwa yisifo sikashukela.
Izimpawu zale nkinga enkulu yalesi sifo ukwenzeka kobuthakathaka, indlala, ukujuluka kanzima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka kube nokuthuthumela nomuzwa onamandla wendlala. Ngokuqondene nezingane, lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo zinesimo sazo: ukushuba kwezindebe nolimi, umuzwa wokubuka okuphindwe kabili, ukuba khona “kokukhathazeka kolwandle”. Esigabeni esibi, ukuguquguquka kwemizwa kungashintsha kakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi ingane ingaba nokukhathazeka ngokweqile noma okuphambene nalokho, kungazelelwe kubeke ukuzola ngokweqile.
Uma izinyathelo zingathathwanga ngesikhathi, khona-ke ingane ingakhombisa ukwethuka, ukukhishwa ngamehlo, nokungajwayelekile. Ezimweni ezinzima, uzowela ekhefini. Ngemuva kwalokho umphumela obulalayo ungalandela uma isiguli singathathelwa izinyathelo zokuvuselela ngesikhathi.
Ukuvimbela ukukhula kwe-hypoglycemia, kulokhu, ingane kufanele inikezwe uswidi we-chocolate ukuze iphathe naye ukuze ikhuphuke ngokushesha ushukela wegazi.
Izimbangela zesifo
Ngaphezu kwesimo sikashukela, izinkomba zalesi sifo eneminyaka emithathu nangaphansi zithonywa kakhulu yizimbangela zokuqalwa kwale ndlela ezinganeni.
Kukhona inani elikhulu lezimbangela kanye nezinto ezithinta ukuqhubeka kwesifo.
Kuwo wonke amaphuzu ahlukahlukene, abelaphi bakhomba izimbangela eziphambili zikashukela ezinganeni.
Izizathu ezinjengalezi zokukhula kwalesi sifo zibandakanya:
- amaswidi okudla kakhulu
- impilo yokuhlala;
- ukuba khona kwesisindo ngokweqile;
- ukubanda njalo
- isici sefa.
Kusongela amaswidi. Kujwayelekile ukuthi ingane idle inani elikhulu lokudla okunama-carbohydrate “alula” ekwakhiweni kwawo okunomthelela ekukhiqizeni kwe-insulin egazini. Ngenxa yalokho, i-pancreas iyayeka ukusebenza, futhi esigulini esincane, izinga likashukela wegazi liyenyuka. Imikhiqizo "evinjelwe" ifaka: ama-rolls, ushokoledi, amaswidi, njll.
Indlela yokuphila yokuhlala phansi ivela ekuthandeni amaswidi futhi kuholela ekukhulupheni. Ukusebenza ngokomzimba kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi amaseli akhiqiza umzimba aqala ukukhiqizwa kakhulu emzimbeni wengane. Ngenxa yalokhu, kukhona ukwehla kwezinga le-glucose egazini, okungakuvumeli ukuthi kuphenduke amanoni.
Ukuba khona kwesisindo ngokweqile Ngokuvamile, ukukhuluphala nesifo sikashukela kuhlobene kakhulu, ngoba amangqamuzana amafutha angakwazi "ukubona" ama-receptors athembekile emzimbeni womuntu ukuqashelwa kwe-insulin neglucose. Ngakho-ke, kune-insulin eningi emzimbeni, futhi ushukela uyeka ukucutshungulwa.
Imikhuhlane ejwayelekile Izifo ezifanayo zingadala ingane ezibonakalisweni ezinjengokucindezela kwesimo sokuzivikela komzimba. Ngenxa yalokho, umzimba uqala ukulwa namaseli awo akhiqiza i-insulin.
Isici sokuzizwa. Ngeshwa, kubazali abanesifo sikashukela, lesi sifo singazuzwa njengezingane zabo. Ngasikhathi sinye, isayensi iyaphawula ukuthi alikho ifa eliyi-100% kanti nethuba lokuthola umcimbi onjalo lincane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifo singazibonakalisa hhayi ebuntwaneni kuphela kepha futhi nasebudaleni.
Ukwelashwa nokuvimbela lesi sifo
Zonke lezi zimpawu zalesi sifo ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emithathu ubudala ezingama-98% zamacala zimiswa ngosizo lokwelashwa kwe-insulin.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke izingane ezinobukhona besifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 zidinga ukunamathela esimisweni esikhethekile sokudla ukuvikela ukubulawa yindlala. Kulokhu, kuzodingeka ukukhipha imikhiqizo enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-carbohydrate kusuka kumenyu. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwenzeka ukuthi ugweme izingqinamba ingane ezingaba nazo ngenxa yokweqisa noma ukuntuleka kwe-insulin.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiguli esincane ngaphandle kwezehluleki kuzodingeka ukuthi siphuze imishanguzo esebenza ngama-insulin, njenge-Actrapida, Protofan nabanye. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa ipeni lesirinji elikhethekile, umjovo uqobo ukuze uvikele i-overdose yama-hormone. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma isirinji elinjalo linomthamo ofanele, izingane zingawusebenzisa ngokwazo uma kunesidingo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abazali abanezingane ezigulayo kuzodingeka bathenge idivaysi yokulinganisa ushukela egazini ekhemisi futhi bathathe amasampula egazi njalo kashukela.Inhloso yabo eyinhloko ukulawula izinga likashukela egazini. Ngasikhathi sinye, futhi kuzodingeka ukuthi ube nencwajana yokubhalela ekhethekile lapho uzodinga ukurekhoda ngezikhathi ezithile konke ukudla okudliwe ngumntwana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amarekhodi adluliselwa ku-endocrinologist, ozodinga ukuthola umthamo ofanele we-insulin odingekayo esigulini, futhi futhi akhethe umuthi osebenzayo kwesinye isikhathi noma kwesinye.
Uma zonke izindlela zokuvimbela nokwelashwa zingasizi, ukufakelwa kwama-pancreas kusetshenziswa njengezinyathelo sokugcina. Kungcono ukungalethi isimo sengane kuleli zinga eleqisayo, ukwelashwa okufanele futhi okufika ngesikhathi, kanye nendlela yokuphila enempilo, kunganikeza isiguli impilo enhle nekhwalithi yempilo yobudala obukhulu kakhulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuphoqelekile ukuthi uvakashele udokotela ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze enze ushintsho ohlelweni lokwelashwa, ngaphandle kwalokho ukusebenza kwalo kungancipha kakhulu.
Kwividiyo ekulesi sihloko, uDkt Komarovsky uzokutshela konke ngesifo sikashukela sengane.
