I-Atherossteosis ithinta wonke umuntu wesithathu emhlabeni. Lesi yisifo emazweni athuthukile ngokomnotho lapho udonga lomthambo lonakaliswa khona ngenxa yejubane lempilo kanye nokudla okungenampilo, kanye nemiphumela yokutheleleka, amakhemikhali nemisebe.
Endaweni elimele, ama-inclusions wamafutha, amaningi emzimbeni emzimbeni abantu abasebenzisa ukudla okungenampilo we-carbohydrate, afakwa kalula kalula. Ngakho-ke, ama-artery alahlekelwa izakhiwo zawo zemvelo ze-elasticity, lipids ezivuzayo.
Izimpawu zesifo ziqala ukubonakala kakhulu ngemuva kokuqanjwa kwesakhiwo sokuqala se-atherosulinotic. Kepha lapho ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo kubonakala, isiguli kudingeka sazi ukuthi yimuphi udokotela ophatha isifo sokuqina kwemithambo engukuzitholela usizo.
Kunemibono emibili eyinhloko yohlobo lwentuthuko ye-atherosulinosis.
Okokuqala, kuvela ngemuva kokuqongelwa kwenani elikhulu le-cholesterol namafutha we-trans egazini, ukujikeleza kwawo kwamahhala. Ama-Enzymes aklanyelwe ukusebenzisa into ye-lipid awakwazi ukubhekana nesilinganiso esikhulu kangako, futhi izinsalela ezingazange zenziwe ziyaqhubeka nokugeleza kwegazi.
Eyesibili ithi ngomonakalo odongeni njengembangela yesifo, futhi ngaphezu kokulawulwa kokudla, kubhekelwa ngokukhethekile ukugwema ukutheleleka ngegciwane kanye negciwane. Izici zobungozi ezandisa ngokunembile ithuba lokudala i-atherosclerosis nazo zinqunywa ngokwezibalo.
Lezi zinto yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Umfutho wegazi ophezulu we-Arterial. Umfutho wegazi ophakeme uthinta kabi isimo sokufakwa kwemithambo yangaphakathi yemikhumbi, okufanele ihlale isezingeni lokuwanxephezela, ngaleyo ndlela ikhule ukumelana kwegazi okwandayo. Ukusuka kulokhu, ishubhu legazi lidla libi, liphuma ngokushesha. Futhi ama-vasoconstrictors aqinile anjenge-angiotensin 2 akhulisa ukuqina kodonga lweseli, okwenza kube lula ukungena kwamafutha.
- Isifo sikashukela mellitus. Iphazamisa kakhulu i-carbohydrate metabolism, ibangela ukusebenza kwempendulo ye-roundabout ku-metabolism yama-acid anamafutha. Ngalesi sizathu, amafutha awaboli kuze kube sekupheleni, kepha faka ukusakazwa kwamahhala.
- Ukubhema. Izinto eziqukethwe intuthu kagwayi zithinta ukugcinwa kwemithambo yegazi yisikhungo se-vasomotor, singenisa izinxushunxushu kuso. Ingxenye ngayinye yentuthu iyi-stenosis eqinile, kodwa yesikhashana, ethinta kabi ukungena kwe-oksijini ebuchosheni, izicubu ezithambile.
- Iminyaka nobulili. Abesilisa bahlupheka kaningi kunabesifazane ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-estrogen yama-sex ocansi, enezinto ezibuyele emuva. Lapho uguga umzimba, izicucu ze-elastin ne-collagen ezingaphakathi kuwo, nodonga oluhlukanisayo luba mncane, lube buthaka.
- Ukusetshenziswa kokudla ngokweqile kwe-carbohydrate nokudla okunamafutha. Noma kumuntu ophilile, ngaphandle kokuphambuka okubonakalayo emsebenzini wepheshana emathunjini, ama-enzyme awekho emandleni onke, futhi ukudla ukudla okulimazayo, ngokungenakuphela ubeka imithambo yegazi enhliziyweni lapho ihlaselwa.
Ukuqeda lezi zinto, isiguli sinciphisa ubungozi be-atherosclerosis.
I-Atherossteotic plaque ingaqala ukukhula futhi inwebe kunoma iyiphi i-artery enkulu yohlobo lwe-elastic noma ye-musical-elastic.
Kepha i-Symbomatology eyinhloko ihlotshaniswa ne-stenosis yaleyo misipha ethwala igazi iye ezithweni "eziqondisiwe", okuthiwa izitho zokushaqeka.
Izitho zizwelana kakhulu nezinguquko ekucindezelweni kwegazi, i-oksijini i-oxygen, kanye nokuthuthwa kwezakhi zomzimba. Ngokusobala, lawa amayunithi abaluleke kakhulu omzimba - izinso, isibindi, inhliziyo, ubuchopho, uhlelo lwe-musculoskeletal.
Ngokusho kwasendaweni okugxilwe kuyo inqubo ye-pathological, izindlela eziningana ze-atherosclerosis ziyahlukaniswa.
I-Aortic. Ukwehlulwa komkhumbi omkhulu womzimba kuholela ekwandeni okukhulu kakhulu kwengcindezi, ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-hemodynamics. Isikhuthazi esiqinile ku-endothelium yamaseli asikwazi ukunxephezela imithelela efanayo yenzuzo ye-pulse wave evela kumisipha yenhliziyo. Ngakho-ke, udonga luyelula futhi lunamathele ngaphandle - kwakhiwa i-aneurysm. Imvamisa kugxilwa okuyisisekelo ku-aorta yesisu, futhi ukopha ungene esiswini sesisu kuyisimo esibulalayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-pathology enjalo igcwele i-thromboembolism yanoma yisiphi isitho esiyingini esikhulu sokujikeleza kwegazi.
Isigaxa. Ukugeleza kwegazi komzimba kungenye yezinto ezikhulu kakhulu emzimbeni. Entanyeni kukhona imithambo emikhulu, i-carotid ne-vertebral ejwayelekile, ekondla ikhanda nobuchopho. Zitholakala futhi ekuthambekeni kwe-atherosulinotic degeneration, ukuqothuka kwe-lumen. Kulesi simo, isiguli kuyaqabukela sikhononda ngekhanda, izikhalazo ezivame ukuqwashiswa ubuthongo, inkumbulo, ukuhlangana kwemoto, amakhono amahle wezimoto, ukuphazamiseka kwemizwelo. Ngasikhathi sinye, amaseli ezinga le-5 lobuchwepheshe be-cytoarchitectonics, amaseli weBetz, ayahlupheka. Imvamisa umphumela uba yi-ischemic stroke.
I-Coronary. I-Thrombosis noma ukunciphisa imithambo yegazi okuhambisa inhliziyo kuholela ekwandeni kokulimala kwe-hypoxic emisipha yenhliziyo, bese kuthi ukuqunjelwa kwe-myocardial. Isiguli sizokhononda kudokotela wezinhlungu ezinzima zesifuba ezivuthayo nezishisayo, ngoba ukwelashwa kwe-stenosis yemithambo ye-coronary kuhambisana nobuhlungu obukhulu. Ukuhlaselwa okunjalo kumiswa yiNitroglycerin, kodwa kufanele futhi kube yinsimbi ethusayo, isikhathi sokucabanga ukuthi welashwa kanjani.
I-atherosclerosis yamaphethelo aphansi nayo iyodwa. Ukwehlukanisa i-atherosulinosis yemilenze kubangela isiguli nobuhlungu.
Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi kuholela ekuqongeleleni i-lactic acid ngesikhathi sokuhamba. Isiguli asikwazi ukuhamba ibanga elilungile ngaphandle kokuma.
Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-atherosulinosis kufanele belashwe ngokufanele uchwepheshe ophatha izifo zohlelo oluthile. Kepha ukucacisa indawo yodwebo, kukhona imfuneko - ukuhlolwa okuphelele. Xhumana no-GP wakho ukuthola isiqondiso.
Udokotela ojwayelekile onjalo uzohlola isimo sesiguli, ukushaya kwakhe (ukulinganisa, amandla, ukugcwala), ingcindezi, ushintsho kwezitho zokuthuthumela, ngokususelwa ku-anamnesis.
I-Auscultatory, izonquma ukuba khona kwezinguquko ze-organic enhliziyweni nasemaphashini okuwuphawu lwesifo senhliziyo (CHD) ku-coronary atherosulinosis.
Esikhathini sokuqala kwe-pathology, kunganikeza ukwelashwa okwanele kwezidakamizwa okuhlose ukunciphisa inani lama-triglycerides amahhala ne-cholesterol ekujikelezeni kwegazi.
Umuthi wanamuhla unikeza zombili izindlela ezihlaselayo nezingekho ngokuphelele zokuxhumana.
Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- Ukuxilongwa kwe-Ultrasound, ukusetshenziswa komphumela we-Doppler - leliqhinga lokucwaninga ngezinsizakalo likuvumela ukuthi uhlole ngokuphepha isimo semithambo yegazi, indawo akuyo, ukugeleza kwegazi okushubile, ukugcwala kanye nokuvuselelwa kabusha okungenzeka. Izici ze-rheological zegazi ziyisibonakaliso esibalulekile senqubo ye-pathological.
- I-Rheovasogram - le ndlela ihlaziya umsebenzi kagesi wemithambo yegazi nokuqukethwe kwawo. Ngisho ne-capillary encane izoboniswa esikrinini sokuqapha lapho uyisebenzisa.
- I-MRI - isetshenziselwa ukuxilongwa ekugqineni kwezicubu ezithambile, ikakhulukazi uma i-atherosulinosis ithinta isitho esingezansi. Izindleko eziphakeme kakhulu zinxephezelwa yikhono lokuhlukanisa eliphakeme lemisebe nokungalimazi kwayo uma kuqhathaniswa nokuxilongwa kwe-x-ray.
- I-Angiografi, i-CT - izithombe ezinobubanzi ngokuhlukile ziyadingeka ukucacisa izici zomuntu wegazi esigulini esithile, ikakhulukazi esikhathini sokusebenza. Indlela ifaka ukuphathwa okuphathelene nokuqhathaniswa kwe-x-ray yendawo ethile.
Lapho imininingwane yamukelwa futhi isizathu sicacile, ungathunyelwa ezikhungweni zezokwelapha ezikwinqanaba 3, kochwepheshe bohlelo.
Uma isiguli sinendlela yokugula yalesi sifo, kufanele sibonane nodokotela ongu-angiologist (udokotela welapha izinkinga zokujikeleza kwegazi) noma udokotela oyi-neurologist (izifo zezitho zemizwa, i-ganglia kanye nohlelo lwezinzwa). Bazokwazi ukubona ubukhulu bokulimala kobuchopho kwe-hypoxic besebenzisa izivivinyo ezikhethekile eziklanyelwe ukuthola i-encephalopathy. Imvamisa zithunyelwa ebuchosheni be-MRI ukusuka lapha. Bangakwazi ukwelapha i-atherossteosis ngosizo lwemithi, noma bamane banciphise izimpawu. Ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa ezimweni ezinjalo kuyivelakancane kakhulu.
Iziguli ezine-arteriosulinosis ezihambisana nokuhlaselwa i-angina kufanele zibonane nodokotela wezinhliziyo. I-ECG, ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile, ukuhlaziywa kwe-biochemical kwephrofayili ye-lipid, i-ultrasound yenhliziyo ayikabi uhlu oluphelele lwezindlela zayo zokuxilonga. Ngenxa yokuhambisana okuhle kwe-pathology ye-cardiovascular, amalungiselelo wesayensi wamakhemikhali athuthukile kakhulu ekulweni ne-ischemia. Ukwelashwa okunekhono okunekhono. Kaningi, ukuqeda i-stenosis ebulalayo, ukufakelwa imbala komkhumbi wama-coronary ngokusebenzisa umthambo womuntu wesifazane kuyenziwa. Ukuhlinzwa kuyabiza, kepha akuyona ingozi futhi kusebenza kahle kakhulu, njengoba kufakazelwa ukubuyekeza kweziguli nodokotela.
Izindlela zokwelapha i-atherossteosis zixoxwa kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
