Njalo ngonyaka, ukwanda kwezifo zesifo sikashukela kuholela ekucacisweni kwezimbangela zesifo sikashukela.
Ngaphandle kokukhipha indima yokuba yifa nezici zezemvelo, indlela yokuphila nesitayela sokudla okunempilo kunquma ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthuthukisa lesi sifo. Ukuncishiswa komsebenzi, ukucindezelwa okungapheli, nokudla okulungisiwe kuchaza ukuthi kungani abantu bethola isifo sikashukela njalo emazweni athuthukile ngokomnotho.
Ngasikhathi sinye, izici zokunamathela kwezwe emikhiqizweni ethile yokudla kunciphisa izehlakalo emazweni ase-East Asia futhi zanda eYurophu.
Izizathu zokuthuthuka kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1
Izici zobungozi zohlobo 1 sikashukela ngamagciwane noma ubuthi obusebenza ezingxenyeni zama-chromosomes abhekene nokuphendula komzimba. Ngemuva kwalokhu, ukubhujiswa kwe-autoimmune kwezingxenye ze-pancreatic ezihlanganisa i-insulin kuqala.
Amaseli weBeta aba angaphandle emzimbeni, athathelwa indawo izicubu ezithintekayo. Amagciwane e-Coxsackie, i-chickenpox, i-mumps ne-cytomegaloviruses nawo angawabhubhisa ngokuqondile ama-pancreas, okuholela ekwandeni okusheshayo kwezimpawu zesifo sikashukela.
Njengoba ukwanda kwezigameko zala magciwane kungenzeka kakhulu esikhathini sekwindla-nobusika, izigameko zesifo sikashukela kulezi zinyanga ziphezulu. Babuye bahlaselwe yisifo sikashukela lapho bethintwa yigciwane le -ella yokuzalwa ne-hepatitis ebhubhisayo.
Uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela ekuthuthukisweni kwalo luhamba ngezigaba ezi-6:
- Isici ezinhlotsheni zofuzo ezisendaweni ezibhekele ukungatheleleki (ifa lokuthola isifo sikashukela).
- Umzuzu wokuqala i-virus, imithi, izinto ezinobuthi. Amaseli weBeta ayonakaliswa futhi ukukhiqizwa kwe-antibody kuqala. Iziguli sezivele zinenombolo encane yama-antibodies ukuya kuma-islet cell, kepha ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin akuncishisiwe.
- I-Autoimmune insulin. I-antibody titer iyanda, amangqamuzana asesiqhingini saseLangerhans aba mancane, ukukhiqizwa nokukhululwa kwe-insulin kuyancipha.
- Ukuphendula ukumunca ushukela ekudleni, ukugcinwa kwe-insulin kuyancishiswa. Ngokuphendula okucindezelayo, isiguli sikhulise isivinini sokuzila ushukela nokuhlolwa kweglucose.
- Umtholampilo wesifo sikashukela, i-insulin emzimbeni cishe ulapho.
- Ukufa okuphelele kwamaseli we-beta, ukunqanyulwa kwe-insulin secretion.
Ngokubhujiswa kwe-autoimmune kwama-pancreas, kunesikhathi esifihliwe, sokugcina lapho inqubo yomonakalo iyaqhubeka, kepha azikho izimpawu zesifo sikashukela. Ngalesi sikhathi, amapharamitha wokuhlola ushukela egazini kanye nemingcele yokuhlola ushukela kuvamile. Ekutholakalweni kwesifo sikashukela esikulesi sigaba, kutholwa amasosha omzimba aphuma pancreas.
Isifo sikashukela esibonakalayo senzeka kuphela ngemuva kokufa kwama-80-97% amaseli we-beta. Ngalesi sikhathi, izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ziqala ukwanda, ngokuxilongwa okungafanele kungaphenduki izinkinga ze-coma uma isiguli singafaki i-insulin.
Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 kubonakaliswa ukukhula kwe-autoimmune insulin, lapho kukhiqizwa khona amasosha omzimba ezingxenyeni zamaseli we-beta kanye ne-insulin. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yezinguquko ekwakhekeni kwama-chromosomes, amandla we-beta cell yokutakula alahlekile. Imvamisa, ngemuva kwesenzo samagciwane noma izinto ezinobuthi, amaseli we-pancreatic enza kabusha ngokwesilinganiso sezinsuku ezingama-20.
Kukhona futhi ukuxhumana phakathi kokudla okwenziwe ngokungemthetho kanye nesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin. Amaprotheni obisi lwenkomo afana ne-beta cell protein esakhiweni sayo se-antigenic. Uhlelo lokuzivikela komzimba luphendula ngalo ngokukhiqizwa kwama-antibodies, abulala ngokwengeziwe amanyikwe.
Ngakho-ke, izingane ezisengozini yesifo sikashukela, ukuze zingaguli, izinyanga zokuqala zokuphila kufanele zinceliswe.
Kungani kwenzeka isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2?
Isici sofuzo sohlobo lwesibili sikashukela naso sibalulekile, kepha sinquma ukunqunyelwa kusifo, okungenzeka kungakhuli. Ebantwini abanamalungu omndeni asondelene nesifo sikashukela, ubungozi bukhuphuka ngo-40%. Kunobufakazi futhi bokudlanga kwalolu hlobo lwezifo emiphakathini yobuzwe.
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokwanda kwe-glucose yegazi ngohlobo 2 sikashukela ukumelana ne-insulin. Lokhu kuhlotshaniswa nokukwazi kwe-insulin ukubopha kuma-cell receptors. Ngofuzo, kokubili ukumelana ne-insulin ngokwayo kanye nokukhuluphala okuholela kuyo kungadluliselwa.
Uhlobo lwesibili lokuphazamiseka okuhambisana nokuhlukunyezwa kofuzo luholela ekunciphiseni ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin ngamaseli e-beta noma ekulahlekelweni kwabo ngenxa yokwanda koshukela wegazi ngemuva kokudla okuqukethe ama-carbohydrate.
Futhi kunendlela ekhethekile yesifo sikashukela esazuzwa njengefa - isifo sikashukela sentsha. Ibiza cishe i-15% yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Kulesi zinhlobo, lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo ziyimpawu:
- Ukwehla okulinganiselayo ekusebenzeni kweseli ye-beta.
- Qala eneminyaka engu-25 ubudala.
- Isisindo somzimba esijwayelekile noma esinciphile.
- Ukuthuthukiswa okungalingani kwe-ketoacidosis
- Ukuntuleka kokumelana ne-insulin.
Ekuthuthukisweni kohlobo lwesibili kubantu asebekhulile, izinto eziphambili ukukhulupha kanye ne-atherosulinosis. Kulesi simo, indlela enkulu enquma ukuthuthukiswa kwezimpawu ukumelana ne-insulin. Kuhlanganiswa nokukhuluphala, umfutho we-arterial hypertension, ukukhuphuka kwe-cholesterol egazini kanye ne-atherosulinosis ibe yi-metabolic syndrome ejwayelekile.
Ngakho-ke, ukuba khona kwesinye sezimpawu kungaba uphawu lwaso. Noma yimuphi umuntu ngemuva kweminyaka engama-40 kufanele afunde i-carbohydrate kanye nama-metabolism wamafutha, ikakhulukazi ngengqondo yesifo sikashukela.
Ngokumelana ne-insulin, inani lama-insulin receptors ezicutshini liyancipha, izinga elikhulayo loshukela egazini libangela ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin okukhudlwana. I-Hyperinsulinemia iholela eqinisweni lokuthi amaseli we-beta ayeka ukubona ukwanda kweglucose yegazi.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin akhuphuki ekudleni - ukuntuleka kwe-insulin kukhula. Lokhu kuholela ekuqhekekeni kwe-glycogen esibindini kanye nokwakheka kweglucose. Konke lokhu kuthuthukisa i-hyperglycemia.
Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kukhulisa ingozi yokuthola isifo sikashukela amahlandla ayisihlanu ngebanga 1, nezikhathi eziyi-10 nesithathu. Ukusatshalaliswa kwamafutha nakho kudlala indima - uhlobo lwesisu livame ukuhlanganiswa ne-hypertension, ukungasebenzi kahle kwama-metabolism kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokungazweli kweglucose ngemuva kwesizinda sokunyuka kwe-insulin egazini.
Kukhona ne-"defallen phenotype" hypothesis. Kuphakanyisiwe ukuthi uma umama engondlekile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ingane isengozini enkulu yesifo sikashukela esezingeni eliphakathi. Umphumela ofanayo ungaba nesikhathi sezinyanga ezi-1 kuye kwezingu-3.
Ngokuya kwesazi se-Leading Diabetes R.A. Isifo sikashukela esingu-de Fronzo 2 senzeka lapho amandla omzimba okuphendula i-insulin engasebenzi. Uma nje ama-pancreas enyusa ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin ukuze anqobe ukumelana kwezicubu kule homon, amazinga kashukela agcinwa ngaphakathi kwebanga elijwayelekile.
Kepha ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi, izinqolobane zakhona zincishisiwe, futhi kuvela nezimpawu zesifo sikashukela. Izizathu zalokhu, kanye nokuntuleka kokuphendula kwe-pancreatic ekudleni kwe-glucose, azikachazwa.
Izimbangela zesifo sikashukela kwabesifazane abakhulelwe
Kusukela cishe ngeviki lama-20 lokukhulelwa, ama-hormone akhiqizwa yi-placenta angena emzimbeni wowesifazane. Indima yalawa ma-hormone ukugcina ukukhulelwa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi: i-estrogen, i-lactogen eningi, i-cortisol.
Onke la mahomoni angawokungafani, okungukuthi, enza ukwandisa amazinga kashukela. Lokhu kuvimba amandla e-insulin okuqhuba ushukela ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana. Emzimbeni wowesifazane okhulelwe, kuba khona ukumelana ne-insulin.
Ukuphendula, ama-pancreas ajwayele ukukhiqiza i-insulin eningi. Ukwanda kwezinga layo kuholela ekubekweni phansi ngokweqile kwamafutha kanye ne-hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia. Izinga lomfutho wegazi lingakhuphuka.
Zonke lezi zinguquko ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane zibuyela kokujwayelekile. Ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela kwabesifazane abakhulelwe kuhlotshaniswa nokuthola ifa lezinto ezisengozini kanye nezinto eziyingozi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
- Isifo sikashukela ezihlotsheni eziseduze.
- Iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-25.
- Ukuzalwa kwangaphambilini kwenzeka ngokuzalwa kwesibeletho esikhulu (ngaphezu kwama-4 kg).
- Kwakunomlando wokuphuphuma kwesisu, ukuzalwa kwengane enokungasebenzi kahle, ukubeletha noma i-polyhydramnios.
Ukuvimbela Ushukela
Zonke izinto ezisengcupheni yokuthola ushukela akusona isiqinisekiso se-100% sokwenzeka kwako. Ngakho-ke, ukuvikela lesi sifo esingalapheki, kuyadingeka kuwo wonke umuntu okungenani oyedwa wabo ukuba ahambisane nezincomo ezinciphisa amathuba okulimazeka kokudla emzimbeni.
Indlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokuvimbela ukwenqaba ushukela nakho konke okuphekwe nakho. Kulokhu, umzimba ngeke uhlupheke, ngoba kunama-carbohydrate anele emifino, izithelo nak okusanhlamvu. Okufanayo kusebenza emikhiqizweni evela kufulawa omhlophe webanga eliphakeme kakhulu. Ukuthatha lokhu kudla kuphakamisa kakhulu amazinga kashukela egazini futhi kuvuse ukukhishwa kwe-insulin. Uma kunenkambiso yokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwemishini yokufakelwa, ukufutheka okunjalo kuholela ekushintsheni kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezinqubo ze-metabolic.
Ukulinganiselwa kwesibili kuhlotshaniswa ne-pathology of fat metabolism. Ukwehlisa i-cholesterol, konke ukudla okugcwele amafutha ezilwane anele akufakiwe ekudleni - ingulube enamafutha, amadada, iwundlu, ubuchopho, isibindi, inhliziyo. Kuyadingeka ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kokhilimu omuncu omuncu, ukhilimu kanye noshizi wekotishi, ibhotela.
Kunconywa ukubilisa noma ukudla isitshulu, ukubhaka, kepha ungafry. Ngezifo ezenzeka gallbladder noma pancreas, konke okunezipayisi, okubhemayo futhi okusemathinini, izoso kanye nezinongo kufanele kulahlwe.
Imithetho yokudla okungenamsoco engcupheni yesifo sikashukela:
- Ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwemikhiqizo yemvelo
- Ukwenqatshelwa kwama-chip, ama-crackers, ukudla okusheshayo, iziphuzo ezimnandi zekhabhoni, iziphuzo namasoseji wokukhiqiza kwezimboni, imikhiqizo eseqedile.
- Ukudla isinkwa esiphelele sokusanhlamvu, omnyama, amabele, okusanhlamvu okuvela okusanhlamvu okuphelele, kunokudla okusanhlamvu okusheshayo.
- Ukudla okunezithelo ngamahora afanayo ezingxenyeni ezincane, gwema ukulamba.
- Ukuqeda ukoma kwakho, sebenzisa amanzi ahlanzekile.
- Amasoseji, amasoseji, inyama ebhemayo futhi edla inyama ngodayi kanye nezivimbelalwazi ezithathelwa indawo zibekelwa inyama ebolayo.
- Izinketho ezinhle kakhulu zokudla okunamaprotheni izinhlanzi ezinamafutha aphansi, ukudla kwasolwandle, ushizi wekhokho okufika kuma-9% amanoni, i-kefir, iyogathi noma iyogathi.
- Imenyu kumele ibe imifino emisha ngendlela yesaladi enamakhambi kanye namafutha zemifino.
Okokugcina, izizathu zokuthi kungani abantu begula yisifo sikashukela azicaciswanga, kepha kuyaziwa ukuthi ukudla, ukuyeka ukubhema notshwala nokuzivocavoca umzimba kuvimbela izifo eziningi, kubandakanya nesifo sikashukela. Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko izokhombisa ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi kungani sikhula isifo sikashukela.
