Abantu abaningi banombuzo, bayini ubungozi besifo sikashukela? Ngokusho kwe-endocrinologists, lesi sifo uqobo asisibi kangako njengalokho esingaholela kuso. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sikashukela, imiphumela engemihle neze futhi esongela impilo ingaqala ukuvela.
Zonke izingqinamba zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ama-3 - okungamahlalakhona, okuxakile futhi sekwephuzile. Okungapheli kufaka ukwehluleka kwezinso nezilonda ezindexekile. Phakathi kwezinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu, ezivame kakhulu yi-ketoacidosis, hypo- kanye ne-hyperglycemic coma.
Phakathi kwemiphumela esephuzile, evame kakhulu yi-retinopathy ne-polyneuropathy. Ukuhlanganiswa kwalesi sifo, okufana nonyawo lwesifo sikashukela, nakho kusakazekile.
Ukwehluleka kwangempela nezilonda eziyizigaxa kushukela
Kungani isifo sikashukela sisabeka? Lesi sifo siyingozi, ngoba ngemuva kwesizinda saso, ukwehluleka kwezinso kungaqhamuka. Ngeshwa, le nkinga ivame kakhulu phakathi kwabanesifo sikashukela.
Kungani kubonakala ukwehluleka kwezinso? Iqiniso ngukuthi kushukela wohlobo loku-1 nohlobo 2, igazi elinokuqukethwe kweglucose kudlula esakhiweni. Lokhu kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi ngaphakathi kwe- "glomeruli" yezinso kwenziwa ingcindezi eyandayo, futhi ulwelwesi olusendaweni ezungeze i- "glomeruli" luqala ukwanda.
Ngenxa yalezi zinto, ama-capillary asemathangini aqala ukugcwala, futhi ngokumelene nesizinda sikashukela i-mellitus, ukwehluleka okukhulu kwe-renal acute kuyaqhubeka.
Ukugula kubonakala ngezibonakaliso ezilandelayo:
- I-Lethargy, ephelezelwa ikhanda nokuqina.
- Isifo sohudo, ukugabha.
- Isikhumba esikhanyayo.
- Ukuvela kokunambitheka kwensimbi emlonyeni.
- Umoya omubi. Ifana nephunga lomchamo.
- Ukuphefumula. Kwenzeka ngisho nokuzivocavoca okuncane ngokomzimba.
- Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi (ezimweni ezinzima).
- Ukuqina kwemisipha emilenzeni. Imvamisa baqina ebusuku.
Lapho kuvela izimpawu zokwehluleka kwe-renal, kunconywa ukuthatha uhlolo lomchamo lwe-albhamuin, ukuhlolwa komchamo we-creatinine, nokuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-creatinine. Ngokuya ezivivinyweni, udokotela uzokhetha iqhinga elifanele lokwelashwa.
Iphathwa kanjani le nkinga? Ukuqeda lokhu kugula kungenzeka kuphela lapho ufaka izinso zokwenziwa. Kepha ekuqaleni, udokotela angabeka izidakamizwa ezikhethekile ezizobambezela isikhathi sokufakelwa.
Ekwehlulekeni kwezinso, isiguli sizodinga ukubheka njalo ushukela wegazi, umfutho wegazi kanye nenani lamafutha emzimbeni.
Izilonda eziyinqaba ezivele ngemuva kwesifo sikashukela - yilokho okuthusayo ngempela. Isilonda se-trophic yisici esikhunjeni olungapholi isikhathi eside. Ama-microorganisms e-patathogenic angangena esikhunjeni, ngenxa yalokho izinqubo ze-necrotic zikhula enxebeni.
Kuqala, izilonda ezi-trophic zizibonakalisa zinezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Izingalo ziba ngokungazweli kuvuthondaba lwangaphandle.
- Imilenze izobanda ngisho noma ikamelo lapho onesifo sikashukela lifudumele. Lolu phawu lukhombisa ukuthi ngokwemuva kwesilonda esiseduze kakhulu, amangqamuzana ezinzwa ayafa.
- Ubuhlungu emilenzeni.
Izindlela zokuhlinza zivame ukusetshenziswa ekwelapheni izilonda zesifo sikashukela. I-vacuum, i-Therapy, noma i-VAC therapy ingenziwa. Ukukhohlisa okukhethiwe kukhethwe ngudokotela ohambelayo.
Uma lesi sifo sesiqaliwe, ungazama ukuqeda izilonda eziyinqatha ngosizo lwemithi. Kulokhu, amaqembu alandelayo wezidakamizwa asetshenziswa:
- Ama-antihistamines.
- Imithi elwa namagciwane.
- Ama-antiplatelet agents.
- Izidakamizwa ezingezona ezokwehlisa ukuvuvukala ezingezona ezibangelwa ukuvuvukala.
Futhi, okhalweni oluthintekile, isiguli sidinga ukufaka ama-compress ngamafutha okugcoba. Imvamisa esetshenziswa okhilimu abanjengoLevomekol noma iStreptolaven. Ama-antiseptics asetshenziselwa ukugeza izilonda. I-Furacilin, Chlorhexidine noma umhluzi we-chamomile singasetshenziswa.
Ezimweni ezinzima, ukufakelwa kwesikhumba kungadingeka. Kepha kwenzeka ukuthi umuthi awusebenzi. Kulokhu, ukunqunywa kwengalo ethintekile kuyenziwa.
I-Hypoglycemic ne-hyperglycemic coma
I-Hypoglycemic coma yisimo esikhula ngenxa kashukela omncane wegazi. Imvamisa kwenzeka kubantu abanesifo sikashukela abenza ukwelashwa okungafanele. Imvamisa hypoglycemia ingumphumela wemithamo ephezulu kakhulu ye-insulin.
Ngabe kuvela kanjani lokhu? Ekuqaleni, isiguli sikhathazekile ngekhanda, ukukhathala okwandayo, ukuchama kaningi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-arrhythmia iyakhula futhi lokho okubizwa nge- "Kussmaul respness" kukhula.
Ukuthuthuka kwe-hypoglycemic coma nakho kufakazelwa ngokuhlanza, abafundi abaxutshiwe, ukwethuka kwemikhawulo, ukujuluka ngokweqile, kanye nokukhubazeka okubukwayo. Amazinga kashukela wegazi ngokuvamile angaphansi kwama-5 mmol L.
Uma isiguli sinikezwa ukunakekelwa kwezokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi, alahlekelwa ukwazi. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda se-hypoglycemia, kunethuba lokufa, ngakho-ke usizo lokuqala kufanele lunikezwe ngokushesha.
Nge-hypoglycemia, kwenziwa lokhu okulandelayo:
- Abantu abanesifo sikashukela badinga ukufaka ikhambi le-glucose emthanjeni. Uma ingekho, ungasakaza ukunamathisela okusekwe ushukela ezinsinini noma unikeze isiguli ubumnandi.
- Qiniseka ukubeka isiguli ngendlela yokuthi singazingeli ekuzihlanzeni.
- Uma isiguli singalahlekelwa ukwazi, khona-ke kufanele kufakwe ucezwana ushukela esihlathini sakhe.
Esibhedlela, isiguli sifakwa ngeglucose (40% solution). Isixazululo se-adrenaline singasetshenziswa futhi ukukhuphula ngokushesha amazinga kashukela egazi. Ngemuva kokumisa i-hypoglycemia ye-acute, umthamo we-insulin uyalungiswa, bese kunikezwa ukudla okufanele.
I-Hyperglycemic coma ingukuphikisana ngqo ne-hypoglycemic coma. I-Hyperglycemia ingumphumela kashukela ophezulu wegazi. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka uma isiguli singahambisani nezincomo zokwelashwa.
Isibonelo, uma isiguli singayiphathi i-insulin ngesikhathi, noma umthamo we-insulin uphansi kakhulu. Ukuphathwa okungalungile kwe-insulin nakho kungaholela ekwakhiweni kwe-hyperglycemia, ngoba abantu abaningi abaphathi i-hormone hhayi ngokuzithoba, kodwa nge-intramuscularly.
Ngabe ukuhlaselwa kwe-hyperglycemia kubonakala kanjani? Uma le nkinga iqhubeka, kuvela izimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Ukomela okukhulu. Kuhambisana nokuzwa komlomo owomile nokuchama kaningi.
- Ubuhlungu bekhanda.
- Isikhumba esikhanyayo.
- Ukukhathala.
- Isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza.
- Ukubonakala kwephunga le-acetone elisuka emlonyeni.
- Isifo sohudo noma ukuqunjelwa.
Ngaphambi kokuthi odokotela bakwazi ukusiza isiguli, kunconywa ukuphatha i-insulin emfushane bese ubeka isiguli eceleni kwakhe. Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi ubhekisisa ukushaya kwakho noma ukuphefumula kwakho. Uma kunesidingo, kwenziwa isicubu senhliziyo noma ukuphefumula okwenziwe ngokufakelwa.
Esibhedlela, isiguli sifakwa nge-insulin kanti ezinye izidakamizwa zisetshenziselwa ukusiza amazinga e-glucose ejwayelekile. Ukubuyisela ibhalansi ye-acid-base, isisombululo se-soda siyasetshenziswa.
Ngenqubo yokuvuselela ukwelashwa ngemuva kwe-hyper- noma hypoglycemic coma, isiguli sidinga ukuthatha amavithamini, ngokwesibonelo, isifo sikashukela seComplivit.
I-retinopathy kanye nephropathy kushukela
I-retinopathy iyinkinga evamile yesifo sikashukela eyenzeka ngohlobo lwenkambi ekhethwe ngendlela engafanele. Amathuba okuqhubeka kwezifo anda uma umuntu ebhema noma ethethe ngokweqile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-retinopathy kungenzeka ukuthi ikhule ezigulini ezithuthukisa umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukwehluleka kwezinso, noma ukwandisa amazinga e-cholesterol egazi ngemuva kwesifo sikashukela.
I-retinopathy iyindlela yokuziphatha lapho kuthinteka khona imithambo ye-retina. Izimpawu ezinjengokungaphatheki kahle emehlweni, ukubona okufiphele, ukuphuma kwesibindi esweni lokugqwayiza kukhombisa ukuqhubeka kwalesi sifo.
Uma isiguli sinezimpawu ezibonakalayo ze-retinopathy, khona-ke kufanele ihlolwe ngokuphelele. Izindlela ezinjalo zokuxilonga zisetshenziswa njenge:
- IVisiometry
- Perimetry.
- I-Ultrasound yeso.
- I-Gonioscopy
- I-Eletroretinography.
- I-Tonometry.
I-Pathology ingalashwa ngezindlela eziningana. Emazingeni okuqala e-retinopathy, kusetshenziswa imithi. Isiguli sinqunywe ama-angioprotectors nama-antiplatelet agents. Benza ngcono ukusebenza kwemithambo yegazi.
Futhi, ukwelashwa kungenziwa kusetshenziswa i-laser therapy noma i-vitrectomy. Lezi zinqubo ziyasebenza, futhi ezimeni eziningi zingamisa izinkinga zokubuka.
I-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela iyindlela ehlasela ngokwedlulele ebonakala ngomonakalo emikhunjini yezinso. Ngokuqhubeka kwesifo, imikhumbi iyavinjwa, nezinso ziqala ukusebenza zimbi kakhulu.
I-Pathology ibonakala ngezibonakaliso ezilandelayo:
- Ukomela okukhulu emlonyeni. Kuyanda ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokudla nasebusuku. Ukoma kuhambisana nomuzwa womlomo owomile nokuvuvukala kobuso.
- Ukuchama kaningi. Naphezu kokuya njalo endlini yangasese, inani lomchamo liyancipha.
- Ubuthakathaka obujwayelekile, ukozela, ikhanda.
- Ubuhlungu esifundeni se-lumbar. Banganikeza crotch. Ubuhlungu emhlane ongezansi kwesinye isikhathi buba bucayi kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca komzimba.
- Isicanucanu noma isifo sohudo. Ezimweni ezinzima, i-nephropathy ihambisana nokuhlanza njalo.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ngokumelene nesizinda se-nephropathy, ukwehluleka kwezinso kuvela kakhulu. Kungakho, ekubonisweni kokuqala kwe-pathology, kufanele uthintane nodokotela ngokushesha.
Ngabe ukwelashwa kwenziwa kanjani? Ezigabeni 1-2 ze-nephropathy, kusetshenziswa imishanguzo enciphisa ushukela wegazi. Lapho i-nephropathy iya esigabeni 3, ukusebenzisa kuphela izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela akwanele.
Kulokhu, ama-diuretics nama-ACE inhibitors ama-calcium blockers axhumekile. Ngosizo lolu hlobo lwemithi, ungamisa izimpawu ze-nephropathy, uvikele ukuqhubeka phambili kwe-pathology.
Uma i-nephropathy idlulela kubukhulu obungu-4-5, khona-ke akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa. Kulokhu, odokotela baphendukela ku-dialysis. Ngale nqubo, igazi liyahlanzwa kusetshenziswa imishini ekhethekile.
Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kudluliswa izinso namanyikwe.
Unyawo lwesifo sikashukela: kuyini futhi ukwelashwa kanjani?
Unyawo lwesifo sikashukela luyisifo lapho kuthinteka khona isikhumba, amathambo, nemikhumbi emikhulu emincane yonyawo. Ukuthi lunyawo lwesifo sikashukela lubukeka kanjani esigabeni sokuqala, abaningi balubonile esithombeni nakwividiyo.
Unyawo lwesifo sikashukela lwenzeka ngenxa kashukela wegazi ophakeme nokugeleza kwegazi okuthambile emithanjeni. Amathuba we-pathology akhuphuka uma izifo zamathambo noma zezifo zemithambo zingakheka ngemuva kwesifo sikashukela.
Isifo sikashukela sonyawo sizibonakalisa kanjani? Isibonakaliso sokuqala se-pathology ukwehla komkhawulo wezinhlungu. Unyawo lungazwela ngokuphelele ku-stimuli yangaphandle.
Izimpawu zezimpawu zezifo ezilandelayo:
- Izinga lokushisa laphansi. Le ngxenye yelungu iba amakhaza lapho ithinta.
- Ingrown toenail. Imvamisa, izipikili ziba mnyama.
- Imifantu ezithendeni. Isici singakhula futhi silimaze kakhulu.
- Izilonda fungung zonyawo. Imvamisa kuphakama uma ama-microorganism angama-pathogenic angena kulokho kubhekeka okwakhekile.
- Ukulimala kwezinyawo. Kwenzeka ukuthi ngonyawo lwesifo sikashukela, ithambo lesithupha likhuphuka ngosayizi.
Uma unyawo lwesifo sikashukela lungaphathwa ngendlela yesikhathi, i-gangrene ingakhula. Kulokhu, odokotela baphendukela ekunqunyweni kwesitho, ngaphandle kwalokho inqubo ye-pathological izosakazeka.
Futhi welashwa kanjani isifo sikashukela sonyawo lwesifo sikashukela? Isiguli sinqunyelwe izidakamizwa ze-alpha lipoic acid, imithi yokuthuthukisa ukuhamba kwegazi kanye nama-painkillers.
Ukukhwabanisa okufana nokwelashwa ngama-hormone okukhula, ukwelashwa ngamaseli we-stem noma ukwelashwa kwe-plasma kuzosiza ukuqeda ngokuphelele i-pathology. I-extracorporeal shock wave therapy nayo iyasetshenziswa kulezi zinsuku. Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko izokhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi kungani isifo sikashukela siyingozi kangaka kubantu.
