Kuyini isifo sikashukela: izimpawu, izimbangela, ukwelashwa

Isifo sikashukela i-insipidus (esibizwa ngokuthi isifo sikashukela i-insipidus) siyindlela lapho, ngenxa yokushoda kwe-vasopressin (i-antidiuretic hormone), umuntu unomile kakhulu, futhi izinso zivimbela umthamo owengeziwe womchamo ongaphansi wokuhlushwa.

Lesi sifo asijwayelekile, futhi sitholakala emadodeni, abesifazane nasezinganeni ezincane. Kepha okutholakala kakhulu kubantu abasha abaneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-18 kuya kwengama-25.

Lapho ukulahlekelwa uketshezi kunganxephezelwe ngokuphelele, ukuphuma komzimba kukhula, isici esibonisa ukwahlukanisa okuyi-polyuria. Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela i-insipidus kususelwa kuzimpawu, nasekutholweni kwamazinga e-vasopressin emzimbeni.

Ngakho-ke, udinga ukucabanga ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi siyini isifo sikashukela? Thola ukuthi hlobo luni luhlukaniswe phakathi, nokuthi ungayelapha kanjani i-pathology?

Ukuhlukaniswa

Isifo sikashukela sikashukela senzeka ngenxa yokungapheleli kwe-hormone ye-antidiuretic noma ngenxa yokwehla kokuqothuka kwezicubu zezinso emiphumeleni yaso.

Ezenzweni zesimanje zokwelapha, le ndlela yesifo ihlukaniswa ngokuya ngezinga lokwephulwa kwabonwa ngalo. Hlanganisa i-insipidus yesifo sikashukela esimaphakathi (amanye amagama abenesifo sikashukela se-neurogenic, ukugula kwendawo) kanye nefomu lesi sifo.

I-insipidus yesifo sikashukela esiphakathi ibonakala ngeziphazamiso ezikhula ezingeni lokukhiqizwa kwe-ADH noma ezingeni lokukhishwa kwalo ohlelweni lokujikeleza. Ngokwesifo sikashukela sezinso, kunokuphazamiseka embonweni we-hormone ngamangqamuzana.

Futhi, i-neurogenic yesifo sikashukela ihlukaniswe yizinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• Indlela ye-idiopathic yalesi sifo isebenza njenge-pathology eyindlalifa, ebonakala ngokuncipha kokukhiqizwa kwe-vasopressin.
• Izimpawu zesifo. Njengomthetho, ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kwenziwa ngaphandle kwesizinda sezinye izifo ezihlangene.

Ifomu elinophawu lingakhula empilweni yonke (ifomu elitholile), ngokwesibonelo, ngemuva kokulimala kobuchopho, ukwakheka kwesimila. I-encephalitis nayo ingaholela ekwakhiweni kwalesi sifo.

Uhlobo lokuzalwa kwesifo i-insipidus yesifo sikashukela lutholakala ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, futhi lususelwa ekuguqulweni kwezakhi zofuzo emzimbeni.

Isifo sikashukela se-thyroid - yisifo sikashukela se-extrapancreatic, esenzeka ngenxa yenani elikhulu lama-hormone egilo.

Izimbangela zesifo sikashukela insipidus

Ezimweni eziningi ezinkulu, iziguli zinendlela esezingeni eliphakathi yesifo sikashukela. Kungumphumela wezifo zofuzo ezivelayo, kanye nokugula kwengqondo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli fomu lingakhula ngenxa yezifo ezithathelwanayo zobuchopho noma zokulimala ebuchosheni.

Ngokuvamile, ukulimala kwengqondo okulandelayo kungaholela kwifomu eliphakathi lesifo sikashukela:

1. Ama-tumor ama-pituitary noma ama-hypothalamus.
2. Izinkinga ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ebuchosheni.
3. Izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (syphilis).
4. Kwezinye izimo, ingakhula ngemuva komkhuhlane kanye nezinye izifo ezithathelanayo.
5. Izinqubo zokuvuvukala ebuchosheni.
6. Ukwephulwa kokujikeleza kwegazi ku-hypothalamus noma i-pituitary gland.

Ama-pathologies alandelayo ayimbangela yefomu le-renal yesifo sikashukela: lesi sifo sicasulwa izimo ezithile zezifo kanye nokulimala, lapho kulimala khona izinto zobuchopho zezinso.

I-Etiology yesimo sezinso sesi sifo:

• Uhlobo olungapheli lokwehluleka kwezinso.
• Ukuthatha umuthi othile onomphumela onobuthi ezinso.
• Akuvamile ukwakha i-anemia.
• Inani elikhulu le-potassium emzimbeni.
• Inani elincane le-calcium egazini.

Kodwa-ke, iningi lezithombe zemitholampilo zithi ifomu le-renal lesifo sikashukela isizalo.

Phezu kwesibalo esikhulu sezizathu ezingaholela ekwakhiweni kwalezi zifo, cishe ngamaphesenti angama-30 wamacala, akunakwenzeka ukuzithola.

Izindlela eziningi zokuxilonga nezifundo azivezi noma yisiphi isifo noma isici esingavusa lesi sifo.

Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela insipidus

Ngaphambi kokuthi wazi ukuthi ungalapha kanjani i-insipidus yesifo sikashukela, kufanele ucabangele ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu zesifo sikashukela esikhombisa ukukhula kwalesi sifo.

Ngaphandle kokuthi kunezizathu ezahlukahlukene eziholela ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo, ukubonakaliswa kwayo ezithombeni eziningi zomtholampilo kucishe kufane. Kodwa-ke, ubukhulu be-pathology bungasuselwa kumaphuzu amabili amakhulu.

Okokuqala, kukhulu ukuthi i-hormones ayizwisisi kanjani izimbungulu zezinsana. Futhi, okwesibili, izinga lokushoda kwe-hormone ye-antidiuretic noma ukungabikho kwayo ngokuphelele.

Izimpawu zokuqala ezikhombisa ukuthi ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-hormonal zenzekile:

1. Umile njalo.
2. Ukuchama okuvama kakhulu ubusuku nemini.

Ukudonswa okucacile komchamo kungaba kusuka kumalitha amane kuya kwayi-15 ngosuku, futhi ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu aze afike kumalitha angama-20.

Izimpawu ezingenhla ziyizimpawu zokuqala ze-pathology. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ezinye izimpawu zesifo sikashukela i-insipidus zingavela:

• Izimpawu zokuphelelwa ngamandla, isikhumba esomile nezicubu zezitho zomzimba (umlomo owomile), ukwehla okubukhali kwesisindo.
• Ngenxa yokuthi umuntu udla kakhulu uketshezi olunesifo sikashukela i-insipidus, isisu sakhe singakhuphuka.
• Ukuntuleka koketshezi kuholela ekuphazamisweni komgudu wokugaya nokugaya ukudla, ukwehla kokudla, ukuqunjelwa.
• Ukuhlunga okuwehlisiwe, ukugcwala kwenhliziyo nausea nokuhlanza.
• Ubuthakathaka kanye nokubola, ukukhulisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba.
• I-Bedwetting.

Njengoba ukoma nokuhambela njalo ukuya endlini yangasese kuthatha amahora angama-24 ngosuku, isifo sikashukela sibonisa ukuphazamiseka ngokomzwelo nangokwengqondo.

Njengomthetho, lokhu kuboniswa ukukhanda ikhanda, ukuphazamiseka kokulala, ukuthwala kwemizwa, kanye nokwehla komsebenzi wengqondo.

Isifo Sikashukela sohlobo Sikashukela: Ukuxilongwa

Ngaphambi kokuthi wazi ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo ezenziwayo zokwelapha isifo sikashukela, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi lesi sifo sitholakala kanjani.

Lapho isiguli siphendukela kudokotela ngezikhalazo zesimo, udokotela uthola amaphuzu athile. Okokuqala, ungakanani umchamo okhishwa ngosuku. Uma kungaphezu kwamalitha ama-3, khona-ke lolu phawu lukhombisa ukuthi isiguli sine-insipidus yesifo sikashukela.

Okwesibili, kuchaziwe ukuthi ngabe kukhona i-bedwetting, ngabe isiguli siphuza amanzi ebusuku, kangaki avakashela indlu yangasese, alala kanjani.

Ngemuva kokuphothula inhlolovo, uma udokotela esola ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela, kunconywa izindlela ezilandelayo zokuxilonga:

1. Ukunqunywa kobunzima bomchamo obuhlobene.
2. Ukunqunywa kwe-osmolarity yomchamo negazi.
3. I-X-ray yesikhumba kanye nesihlalo saseTurkey.
4. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasound kwezinso.
5. Ukunqunywa kwezinga lezakhi zamaminerali emzimbeni.
6. Isampula Zimnitsky.

Ngokusekelwa kohlaziyo olutholwe ezimweni zelebhu, la maphuzu alandelayo yizindlela zokutholwa kwesifo sikashukela:

• Uma igazi likhuphuka i-sodium ngaphezu kwama-155 amayunithi.
• I-osmolarity yegazi ingaphezulu kwamayunithi angama-290.
• Phansi i-osmolarity yomchamo kumayunithi angama-100-200.
• Isikhala somchamo ophansi.

Uma ukuhlolwa kwelabhoratri kukhombisa ukuthi i-osmolarity ye-biological fluid isebangeni elamukelekayo, kepha isiguli sinezimpawu zokudla okungenashukela, kunconyelwa ukuhlolwa kokuvinjela amanzi.

Umongo walokhu kuhlaziywa ukuthi uma inani elincane lamanzi lingena emzimbeni wesiguli, ngemuva kwamahora angama-5-8 ukukhiqizwa kwe-vasopressin kuyashukunyiswa.

Iqiniso elimangalisayo ukuthi lokhu kuhlolwa akuvumeli kuphela ukuthola lesi sifo, kodwa futhi nokuhlonza uhlobo lwaso.

Izimpawu nokwelashwa

Ngoshukela i-insipidus, isinyathelo sokuqala sokwelashwa ukususwa kwembangela okuvuse isimo esinjalo se-pathological esigulini. Ngemuva kwalokhu, izidakamizwa zinconywa ngokuya ngesimo se-pathology.

Ukwelashwa kwesimo esezingeni eliphakathi kwalesi sifo kwenziwa ngokuya ngokuthi umchamo ungakanani ulahlekelwa yilanga ngosuku. Lapho inani lomchamo okhishwa ngosuku lingaphansi kwamalitha ama-4, khona-ke imithi ayinqunyelwe. Izincomo ezibalulekile: phuza ngangokunokwenzeka, unamathela ekudleni okuthile.

Lapho isiguli silahlekelwa ngaphezu kwamalitha ama-4 amanzi uketshezi ngosuku, ngibeka umuthi osebenza njenge-vasopressin (ukwelashwa okubuyiselwa esikhundleni), noma unesandla ekukhiqizweni kwalo okusebenzayo (uma ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone kugcinwe ngokwengxenye).

Ezenzweni zesimanje zokwelapha ngo-2017, okuwukuphela kwesidakamizwa esikhundleni se-vasopressin nguMinirin (njengasesithombeni). I-Desmopressin yi-analogue yayo, kepha indlela yokukhishwa yithebhulethi.

Izici zikaMinirin:

1. Isidakamizwa uMinirin sicindezela izimpawu eziphawuliwe zalesi sifo, futhi umthamo waso awuthintwa yiqembu lesiguli kanye nesisindo somzimba wakhe.
2. Umthamo weMinirin uhlala unconywa ngawodwana. Njengomthetho, ukukhethwa komthamo odingekayo kwenziwa ngaphakathi kwezinsuku ezimbalwa.
3. Inqubo yokuphulukisa ihlala iqala ngomthamo omncane, njengoba kunesidingo, uyandisa.
4. Umuthi iMinirin kumele uphuzwe kathathu ngosuku.

I-insali yesifo sikashukela seRenal ezigulini iphathwa ngendlela eyanele yokuphuza uketshezi. Uma lesi senzo singenele, kunconywa imithi.

Njengomthetho, odokotela banquma imishanguzo enganciphisa inani lomchamo okhishwe. Isibonelo, ama-diuretics weqembu le-thiazide, i-Indapamide, anganconywa.

Kwezinye izimo, izidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala zingabekwa njenge-adjunctive therapy. Inhloso yabo isuselwa eqinisweni lokuthi bahlinzeka ngokuncipha kokugeleza kwezinto ezithile kumathisela wethinolo we-nephron, ngenxa yalokho, umchamo ukhulisa ubudlabha bawo, futhi nobuningi bawo buyancipha.

Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa kuphela ekwelapheni i-insipidus yesifo sikashukela akwanele. Futhi ngaphandle kokulungiswa kokudla okunempilo, ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa kuncishiswa kakhulu.

Isondlo Sikashukela

Uma isiguli sitholwa nesifo sikashukela i-insipidus, khona-ke ukuthola ikhambi eliphumelelayo, kunconywa ukulandela hhayi nje izeluleko zikadokotela, kepha futhi nokushintsha indlela odla ngayo. Ukudla kwesifo sikashukela kunezinjongo ezithile.

Okokuqala, kuyasiza ukunciphisa inani lomchamo okhishwa ngosuku, kusiza umuzwa wokoma. Okwesibili, kuhlinzeka umzimba ngokuhlinzekwa kwawo wonke amaminerali adingekayo kanye nezakhamzimba ezidonswa kanye nomchamo.

Ngakho-ke, okokuqala kunconywa ukuthi ungafaki noma ubeke umkhawulo okungenani usawoti. Awusoze udle ngaphezu kwama-5 amagremu ngosuku. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abayengezi ekudleni, kodwa bayayinikeza isidlo esenziwe ngomumo.

Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi noma yisiphi isithokelo noma izinongo kungakhuphula inani lomchamo. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi ungangezi izinongo.

Izincomo ezinempilo zokudla okunempilo:

• Yidla izithelo ezomile. Banomthelela ekwenzeni i-vasopressin yangaphakathi emzimbeni.
• Yenqaba ukudla okumnandi ukuze ungavuseleli ukoma. Ungabuphuzi utshwala.
• Faka imifino eminingi, amajikijolo nezithelo, ubisi nemikhiqizo yobisi olunoshukela ekudleni kwakho.

Kubalulekile ukuthi isiguli sithole inani elifanele le-phosphorus. Inikeza ukusebenza okugcwele kobuchopho. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukudla izinhlanzi ezinamafutha aphansi, ukudla kwasolwandle. Ungaphuza uwoyela wezinhlanzi emaphaketheni, ngokwesibonelo, umuthi i-Omega-3 wesifo sikashukela, ejwayelekile, nawo uyasetshenziswa.

Kunconywa ukuthi udle kaningi (kuze kube izikhathi eziyi-7 ngosuku) nangezingxenye ezincane. Ithebula lokwelashwa No. 7 noma uNombolo 10 lihambisana nezincomo ezinjalo ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela sabantu abanesifo sikashukela

Ngakho-ke, ukwazi ukuthi yisiphi isifo sikashukela i-insipidus esibonakaliswa ngaso, ukuthi siyini, udinga ukubheka ukuthi ukwelashwa kwemithi yesintu kwenziwa kanjani.

Ubufakazi obuvela ezigulini bukhombisa ukuthi ukusebenzisa izindlela zokwelapha ezingezinye, unganciphisa ukoma ukuze udambise isimo sakho.

Ukuze wehlise ukoma, ungasebenzisa iresiphi elandelayo: amagremu angama-50 wezimpande ezomisiwe ze-burdock, uthele i-1000 ml koketshezi, ulethe ku-thumba. Faka usuku endaweni efudumele, thatha u-150 ml kathathu ngosuku.

Iresiphi enjalo elula izosiza ukunciphisa ukoma: uthele u-20 ml we-liquid abilayo ku-20 amagremu we-elderberry inflorescences, shiya ukumisa amahora amaningi. Hlunga, engeza inani elincanyana loju lwemvelo, thatha 250 ml kathathu ngosuku.

Ukupheka okulandelayo kuzosiza ukwelapha i-insipidus yesifo sikashukela:

1. I-Walnut isiza ukunciphisa ukoma. Ukulungiselela i-decoction kususelwa kuyo kulula futhi kulula. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha cishe amagremu amahlanu amaqabunga e-walnut oqoshiwe, uthele u-250 ml wamanzi abilayo kuyo yonke indawo, uphuze inkomishi eyodwa ngosuku njengetiye. (Qaphela: ama-nati ahlukaniswa ngesifo sikashukela asetshenziswa njenge-tincture yokwelapha)
2. Ukwenza ngcono umsebenzi wamaseli wobuchopho, kunconywa ukuthatha amagremu ama-5 kafulawa wethanga ngosuku.
3. Iqoqo elipholisayo lizosiza ukuthuthukisa ukulala futhi kunciphise ukungasebenzi. Thatha impande ye-valerian, i-mamawort, amajikijolo e-rosehip, i-peppermint, hlanganisa konke ngokulingana okulinganayo. Okulandelayo, isipuni esisodwa sokuqoqwa kwe-250 ml. Hlulela amahora amaningi, thatha u-70 ml kathathu ngosuku.

Ukuqeda ukuqwasha, ungasebenzisa iresiphi ephumelelayo elandelayo, efaka izitshalo zokwelapha. Thatha impande ye-valerian, imbewu ye-caraway, i-mamawort. Hlanganisa konke.

Izipuni ezimbili zenhlanganisela ephumayo zidonswe ku-350 ml koketshezi obilayo, gcizelela amahora angu-4-5. Ngemuva kokuhlunga, thatha i-125 ml ngokuxhamazela okuphezulu noma injabulo yenjabulo.

Izinkinga kanye ne-diagnostic

Uma kungekho ukwelashwa okwanele, khona-ke indlela engenashukela yesifo iholela ezinkingeni eziningi nasemiphumeleni yayo. Lokhu ukuphazamiseka kwesistimu yenhliziyo, njengomphumela wokuthi i-arrhythmia ne-hypertension kukhula kanjani.

Kunezinkinga ezivela ohlelweni oluphambili lwezinzwa - i-neurosis, isifo sokudangala, ukuphazamiseka kokulala. Kwabesifazane, ukungahambisani nokuya esikhathini kuyabhekwa, futhi emadodeni, isifiso sobulili siyancishiswa, ukwanda kube kubi.

Isifo sikashukela i-insipidus, esiqala ukwelashwa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa noma ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, imvamisa siyindlala (uma ngamagama alula, bese sihamba isikhathi) emvelweni, futhi i-idiopathic, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iyaphikelela.

Ngokwelashwa okwanele, akukho okusongela ngokuqondile empilweni yeziguli, yize ukwelashwa okuphelele kungavamile.

Ukululama ngokuphelele ezigulini kubonwa ngokususa ngempumelelo ukwakheka kwesimila, ukwelashwa okuthile kwesifo sikashukela, okuyi-syphilis noma isifo sofuba emvelweni. Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko ikhuluma nge-insipidus yesifo sikashukela.