Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus sibangela izinqubo ezi-pathological eziningi emzimbeni, esenza amandla esigulini futhi simenze abe sengozini yezifo eziningi ezithathelwanayo. Ikakhulu kaningi, iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zitholakala zinesifo esiyingozi njengesifo sofuba.
Phambilini, isifo sikashukela esihlanganiswa nesifo sofuba emaphesheni angama-90% kuholele ekufeni kwesiguli, kepha namuhla lezi zibalo azisethusi kangako. Ngenxa yentuthuko yanamuhla yezokwelapha, ukufa kwabantu phakathi kwaleli qembu kweziguli kuncishiswe kakhulu.
Kepha ngisho nanamuhla, ukuphumelela kokwelashwa kuxhomeke ekutholweni kwezifo okufika ngesikhathi, okuzovimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga ezinkulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bonke abanesifo sikashukela badinga ukwazi ukuthi isifo sofuba kanye nesifo sikashukela kuxhunyaniswa kanjani, iziphi izimpawu ezibonisa ukukhula kwesifo sesibili, nokuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okuzoba ngempumelelo kakhulu kulokhu kuxilongwa.
Izizathu
Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zinamathuba aphindaphindwe kasishiyagalombili okuthuthukisa isifo sofuba samaphaphu kunabantu abanempilo.
Imvamisa, lesi sifo sithinta abesilisa abanesifo sikashukela abaneminyaka engama-20 kuye kwengama-40. Kuleli qembu elisengozini, sonke isiguli se-10 siguliswa isifo sofuba.
Isifo sofuba sikashukela sivela ngalezi zizathu ezilandelayo:
- Ukwehla kwesimiso sokuzivikela komzimba ngenxa yokwehla komsebenzi we-leukocytes, phagocytes namanye amaseli omzimba wokuzivikela ezifweni. Njengomphumela, ukungena emzimbeni wesiguli, isifo sofuba se-mycobacterium sichithwa ukungatheleleki, futhi kuqala ukukhula.
- I-Tissue acidosis, okuwumphumela we-ketoacidosis. Lesi simo sivame ukuvela ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela futhi sibonisa ngokuqwabelana kwemizimba ye-ketone egazini lesiguli, ikakhulukazi i-acetone. Lokhu kuholela ubuthi obukhulu nomonakalo ezicutshini zangaphakathi zomzimba, okubenza bangenwe nawukutheleleka ngokutheleleka.
- Ukwephulwa kwe-carbohydrate, amafutha, amaprotheni kanye ne-mineral metabolism. Lokhu kuholela ekushodeni kwezinto ezibalulekile futhi kufaka isandla ekuqongeleleni imikhiqizo ye-metabolic, ephazamisa ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwazo zonke izinhlelo zangaphakathi futhi yenze buthaka izakhiwo zokuvikela umzimba.
- Ukwephulwa kokuphindukuzalwa komzimba.Le mpahla yomzimba iyadingeka ukulwa namagciwane abulala amagciwane. Ngakho-ke kubantu abaphile kahle, izifo ezithathelwanayo, njengomthetho, zivela ngomkhuhlane ophezulu nomkhuhlane, obasiza ukuba banqobe lesi sifo ngokushesha. Ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela, izifo ziba nokuzola ngokwengeziwe, kepha zivame ukubangela izinkinga ezinkulu.
Ingozi enkulu yokubhebhetheka kwesifo sofuba ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela esibolile, esihambisana nokushiswa njalo koshukela wegazi.
Lokhu kuholela ekulimaleni okukhulu kwezitho zangaphakathi nokukhula kwezinqubo zokuvuvukala ezakha indawo enhle yamagciwane we-pathogenic.
Izimpawu
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sofuba kushukela akuxhomeki kangako ebukhali besifo, kodwa ebangeni lesinxephezelo sokulimala kwe-carbohydrate metabolism. Ngesifo sikashukela esinganxephezelwanga kahle, isifo sofuba sisakazeka ngokushesha okukhulu, sithinta izicubu ezinkulu zamaphaphu futhi sifinyelela efomu elinzima kakhulu.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngisho nokwelashwa okulungile futhi okufika ngesikhathi kwesifo sofuba ngeke kulethe imiphumela efiselekayo uma isiguli singakwazanga ukuqinisa izinga le-glucose emzimbeni. Kulokhu, kusazoqhubeka nokuqhuma okuqhubekayo nokubuyela emuva okunzima ukwelapha.
Ezigabeni zokuqala, isifo sofuba ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela singaba cishe yi-asymptomatic. Ngalesi sikhathi, isiguli singathola lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Ubuthakathaka obukhulu, ukusebenza okuncishisiwe;
- Ukuntuleka kwesifiso sokudla;
- Kukhulisa umjuluko.
Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zimpawu azicaciswanga, zivame ukubonwa yiziguli njengezibonakaliso zesifo sikashukela esandayo. Imvamisa, isifo sofuba kuma-diabetesics sitholakala kuphela ngesikhathi se-x-ray, esingaveza izilonda zamaphaphu ezibalulekile ngokungabikho kwezimpawu ngokuphelele.
Olunye uphawu olukhombisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sofuba samaphaphu ku-mellitus sikukwanda okungazelelwe koshukela wegazi ngaphandle kwesizathu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngokuthuthuka okusebenzayo kwesifo sofuba emzimbeni, isidingo sokwenyuka kwe-insulin, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwesifo sikashukela kanye nokwenyuka kwamazinga kashukela.
Lesi sici sesifo sofuba kwesinye isikhathi sicasula ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela ezigulini ezingakaze zibe nezinkinga nge-carbohydrate metabolism. Isifo sofuba sikashukela sikhulu impela, sithuthuka ngokushesha futhi sithinta izindawo ezinkulu zamaphaphu. Lokhu kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi ngisho noma kungaba nekhambi eliphumelelayo lesifo sofuba, isiguli sigcina izindlela ezibucayi zamaphaphu.
Enye yezimpawu zokuthuthuka okuhlangene kwesifo sofuba kanye nesifo sikashukela ukwenziwa kwendawo kwesilonda emaqhugwaneni aphansi amaphaphu. Uma kwembulwa isibonakaliso esifanayo esigulini esinesifo sofuba, uthunyelwa ukuba ayohlolwa igazi ushukela, ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kutholakale inkambo yesifo sikashukela esingesikhathi esizayo.
Ngakho-ke, isifo sikashukela esinesifo sofuba siyinto eyengeziwe eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu phakathi kwalesi sifo futhi sinomthelela ekuthuthukisweni okusheshayo kwezinkinga.
Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kwesifo sofuba, okuhambisana noshukela omningi wegazi, kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi, okubandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa zesimanje zokulwa nesifo sofuba kanye ne-antibacterial.
Kufanele futhi ulandele ukudla futhi udle izinqubo zokwelashwa.
Ukwelashwa
Ukwelashwa kwesifo sofuba sohlobo 1 nohlobo 2 sikashukela kwenziwa ngokwezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokwelashwa.
Ngakho-ke ukuze ulwe nesifo sofuba sohlobo 1 sikashukela, ukwelashwa okulandelayo kufanele kufake lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo.
Okokuqala, udinga ukwandisa umthamo ojwayelekile we-insulin ngamayunithi ayi-10. Isadinga:
- Faka inombolo eyengeziwe yemijovo ye-insulin ngosuku, okwenza ukuthi ukungeniswa kwayo kuthambe kakhulu. Inani eliphelele lemijovo kufanele okungenani libe le-5 ngosuku;
- Faka esikhundleni sezidakamizwa zokukhishwa okuyingxenye noma ezigcinwe ngokuphelele ezinama-insulin amafushane. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezithambekele ekuthuthukisweni kwe-ketoacidosis.
Ngokwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe kulezi zigaba ezilandelayo:
- Khulisa umthamo wezidakamizwa ze-hypoglycemic;
- Faka phakathi ekwelapheni imijovo ye-insulin engadluli amayunithi ayi-10;
- Ngokwesifo sofuba esinamandla, ukufakwa okuphelele kwezidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela ngemijovo ye-insulin efushane.
Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ekwelapheni isifo sofuba ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ekhethekile. Ukwelapha lesi sifo, isiguli kufanele siphuze njalo amaphilisi esifo sofuba, okuthi uma sihlanganiswa nokwelashwa kwe-antidiabetic, singathola imiphumela ephezulu.
Ekhuluma ngezidakamizwa ezilwa nesifo sofuba, kuyadingeka ukugqamisa izindlela ezinjengokuthi:
- I-Amikacin;
- Isoniazid;
- I-Kanamycin;
- ICapreomycin;
- I-Paraaminosalicylic acid;
- I-Ethambutol;
- I-Pyrazinamide;
- I-Protionamide;
- I-Rifabutin;
- I-Rifampicin;
- I-Streptomycin;
- Tubazide;
- I-Ftivazide;
- I-cycloserine;
- Ethionamide.
Kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi eminye yale mishanguzo ingahle iphikiswe kushukela eliyinkimbinkimbi, okungukuthi:
- I-Ethambutol ayinconyelwanga i-retinal microangiopathy (izilonda zemikhumbi emincane ezithweni zombono);
- I-Isoniazid i-contraindication uma kwenzeka kwenzeka i-polyneuropathy (ukulimala ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluyingozi);
- I-Rifampicin ayivunyelwe ezimweni ezivame kakhulu ze-ketoacidosis noma esinamafutha esibindi hepatosis.
Kulokhu, isiguli asikwazi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi kudingeka siqale ukuthatha omunye umuthi ophephile ngokuphelele kuye.
Ukuze ulondoloze umzimba obuthakathaka futhi uqinise amasosha omzimba, iziguli ezinesifo sofuba zivame ukunqunywa ukwelashwa ngamavithamini. Amavithamini alandelayo awusizo kakhulu kulesi sifo:
- Vitamin B1 - 2 mg ngosuku;
- Vitamin B2 - 10 mg ngosuku.
- Vitamin B3 - 10 mg ngosuku.
- Vitamin B6 - 15 mg ngosuku. Ngokwesifo sofuba esinamandla se-pulmonary, umthamo wansuku zonke we-vitamin B6 ungakhuphuka ube ngu-200 mg ngosuku.
- Vitamin PP - 100 mg ngosuku;
- Vitamin B12 - 1.5 mcg ngosuku;
- Vitamin C - cishe ama-300 mg ngosuku;
- Vitamin A - 5 mg ngosuku.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsoco wokwelapha ungafakwa ekwelashweni kwesifo sofuba, okufanele ube olinganiselayo futhi uqukethe inani elikhulu lomsoco.
Ngesifo sofuba, isiguli siphazamiseka kumaphrotheni ne-carbohydrate metabolism, okungabizwa ngokuthi ngesinye sezizathu eziphambili zokwakhiwa kwemiphumela emibi eminingi. Ngenxa yalokhu, zonke izitsha ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamaprotheni ezilwane, noshukela, ujamu nokunye ukudla okugcwele ama-carbohydrate alula, kumele kungafakwa ekudleni kweziguli.
Okukhethwa kukho okuhle kwesifo sofuba kanye nesifo sikashukela kungukudla okuphansi kwe-carb okubandakanya ukudla ukudla okunezinga eliphansi le-glycemic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudla okuthosiwe futhi okunama-khalori amaningi akuvunyelwe ngaphansi kwalokhu kudla, kepha imifino emisha kanye nezinhlamvu eziningi kuvunyelwe. Ngokwesifo sofuba nesifo sikashukela, bheka ividiyo ekulesi sihloko.
