Kukhona ukusilela ngokuphelele kwe-insulin. Kokubili lokho kuvela okunye uma kwenzeka kutholakala ukuthi unesifo sikashukela.
Ukuze uqonde ngokunembile ukuthi iyiphi eyingozi kunazo zonke kubantu, kufanele uqale ucacise izici ezihlukanayo zalowo nalowo, bese uthola ukuthi kungani zivela.
Le hormone inemvelaphi yamaprotheni futhi inomphumela oqondile kuzo zonke izinqubo ezibalulekile emzimbeni womuntu, okungukuthi:
- Inenani lokulawula elisezingeni le-membrane yeseli ngalinye, futhi libuye liyenze isebenze;
- neqhaza lokuthi i-glucose ingena ngqo emangqamuzaneni futhi ngaleyo ndlela iphindise inani elilahlekile lamandla kuyo;
- kusiza ukubuyisela imetabolism ejwayelekile.
Le hormone ikhiqizwa ama-pancreas. Kepha uma kungasebenzi kahle, khona-ke, ngokufanelekile, ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone kwenzeka ngamanani amancane noma akwenzeki nhlobo.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukwephulwa kokuhlanganiswa kwale nto emzimbeni kuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwesifo sikashukela. Ukushoda kwale hormone kungagcwaliswa nge-analog ye-insulin yomuntu, imijovo enjalo inqunywa kuphela ngemuva kokuhlolwa ngokuphelele.
Yini ebangela ukushoda kwehomoni emzimbeni?
Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko sokushoda kwe-insulin emzimbeni izinga elikhulayo loshukela egazini. Lokhu kubonakala ngendlela yezimpawu ezahlukahlukene. Izimpawu eziphambili zokushoda kwe-insulin emzimbeni yilezi:
- ukuchama njalo
- umuzwa ongapheli wokoma;
- ukuphazamiseka kokulala;
- ukungaphatheki kahle ngaphandle kwesizathu;
- ukungaphatheki kahle.
Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi i-insulin yenza amangqamuzana amukeleke kakhudlwana kushukela. Ngenxa yalokho, ukukhiqizwa kwe-glycogen polysaccharide kuyanda, okuyindlela ephambili yokugcina yazo zonke izinqolobane zeglucose ezitholakalayo.
Kufanele uqonde ukuthi ukuntuleka kwe-insulin kwenzeka ngenxa yokukhiqizwa okunganele kwale hormone. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuntuleka okunjalo. Ngamunye wabo uzochazwa ngemininingwane engezansi. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ohlotsheni ngalunye lwesifo sikashukela kukhona ukuntuleka kwama-hormone. Ake sithi, lapho sithola isifo sikashukela seveli yokuqala, ukuba khona kokungapheleli ngokuphelele kuyaphawulwa. Kulokhu, awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle komjovo walesi hormone.
Ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa kokuntuleka kwe-insulin ngokuphelele, cishe akunakwenzeka ukubuyisela inqubo yemvelo yokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin. Iziguli zinikeza imijovo ye-analogue ye-hormone, futhi ushintshela kumjovo oqhubekayo.
Ngalesi sifo, kubalulekile ukulandela indlela efanele yokudla bese uphila impilo enempilo.
Izinhlobo Zokushoda Kwe-Insulin
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kunezinhlobo eziningi zokwehluleka:
- i-pancreatic;
- hhayi i-pancreatic.
Esimweni sokuqala, kuvela ngenxa yezinguquko ezithile ezenzeka kumanyikwe, kumaseli awo. Esimweni sesibili, ukungasebenzi kahle kumanyikwe kungabhekwa njengembangela yesifo.
Imvamisa, uhlobo lwesibili lokwehluleka lubonwa kwiziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili, akudingekile ukwethula umthamo owengeziwe we-insulin emzimbeni, ama-pancreas akhiqiza inani elanele. Ngohlobo lokungasebenzi kwe-insulin okungelona i-pancreatic, izimo zivame ukwenzeka lapho i-insulin yama-secreal isungulwe ngobuningi obukhulu, kepha amaseli nezicubu zingakuboni kahle.
Ukuntuleka kwe-pancreatic kubangelwa izinguquko ezithile ze-pathological kumaseli we-beta we-gland, okuholela ekutheni la maseli ayeke ukwakheka kwe-hormone noma anciphise kakhulu. Ushintsho lwe-pathological ezakhiweni zeselula zamaseli e-beta yimbangela yokuthuthukiswa kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-1 kubantu, okuncike kwe-insulin.
Ukuntuleka ngokuphelele kwe-insulin kwenzeka ohlotsheni 1 sikashukela, kanti ukusilela kwe-insulin kuvame ukutholakala ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Yiziphi izimbangela eziphambili zokuqhamuka kwesifo?
Kuyacaca ukuthi izinguquko ezinje ngokwazo azenzeki. Lesi simo sandulelwa izinguquko ezithile ezenzeka emzimbeni womuntu ngamunye. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, isizathu sokuthuthukiswa kwanoma yikuphi ukuswelakala kwe-insulin kubhekwa njengokulandelayo:
- Ifa, ikakhulukazi uma bekukhona izihlobo emndenini onenkinga yesifo sikashukela.
- Noma yiziphi izinqubo zokuvuvukala ku-pancreas noma kwesinye i-gallder.
- Zonke izinhlobo zokulimala kwe-pancreatic, ngokwesibonelo, noma yikuphi ukusebenza kulesitho.
- Ukushintshwa kwe-sclerotic emikhunjini, kubangela ukwephulwa kwenqubo yokujikeleza futhi kungadala ukungasebenzi kahle esigungwini uqobo.
- Isimo esifanayo singase siqhamuke ngenxa yokuvela okungafanele kwama-enzyme.
- Enye imbangela engapheli kungaba yisiphi isifo esingamahlalakhona, okuholela ekunciphiseni amandla amasosha omzimba omuntu.
- Akumele sikhohlwe ukuthi noma yikuphi ukucindezeleka noma ukuwohloka kwemizwa kungadala ukukhula kokuntuleka kwe-insulin emzimbeni.
- Ukuzivocavoca okwenziwe ngokweqile noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ushintsho olubucayi kwendlela yokuphila esebenzayo kuya kokuhlala phansi.
- Noma ikuphi i-neoplasm kuma-pancreas kungadala futhi ukukhula kwesimpawu esinjalo.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi uma i-zinc namaprotheni akwanele emzimbeni, kepha i-iron, kunalokho, kuningi kakhulu, bese kuba khona isimo lapho kungekho-insulin ngokwanele. Lesi simo sichazwa kalula nje, iphuzu lonke ukuthi i-zinc, kanye nezinye izinto eziningi, kunomthelela ekuqongeleleni i-insulin egazini, kanye nokuthuthwa kwayo okufanele kuya egazini. Yebo, uma kuncane kakhulu emzimbeni, lapho-ke kuyacaca ukuthi kunokushoda kwe-insulin noma imane ingangeni egazini futhi ayifezi imisebenzi yayo ngokushesha.
Uma sikhuluma nge-iron, khona-ke iningi layo elisemzimbeni nalo alilihle kakhulu empilweni. Into ekhona ukuthi inomthwalo owengeziwe emzimbeni. Ngenxa yalokho, kukhona ukwehla kokuhlanganiswa kwe-insulin.
Umzimba, yiqiniso, akagcini ukuwuhlukanisa ngokuphelele, kepha akwanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izinqubo zenzeka ngezinga elifanele.
Izimpawu Zokungabikho Kwe-Insulin
Kunesibonakaliso esisodwa esibaluleke kakhulu esisikisela ukuthi lesi siguli sinokuntuleka kwe-insulin. Lokhu, kunjalo, izinga eliphakeme likashukela. Ngamanye amagama, lesi simo sibizwa nge- hyperglycemia. Okubi kakhulu ukuthi lolu phawu luziveza noma ngabe isigaba sesifo sikashukela sisezingeni lapho imijovo ye-insulin ingakwazi ukuyenza.
Yize kunezinye izinkomba futhi ezibonisa ukuthi umuntu unokuntuleka okucacile kwe-insulin. Lezi zibonakaliso yilezi:
- Ukuchama kaningi kakhulu, ngisho nasebusuku ukunxusa akuyeki.
- Ukuzwa njalo komile, ngosuku isiguli esingaphuza ngaso amalitha amathathu uketshezi.
- Ukuwohloka kwesimo sesikhumba.
- Ukuluka okuyingxenye kungenzeka.
- Ukulimazeka kokubonakalayo.
- Ukuvuvukala kwemikhawulo.
- Ukulimala kabi amanxeba emzimbeni.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi uma ungaqali ukwelashwa ngesikhathi, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi kube nengozi yokuba nesifo sikashukela. Kuyisimo seziguli ezihlushwa isifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala futhi zingathathi imijovo ye-insulin analog.
Ukugwema imiphumela enjalo, kwanele ukuhlolwa njalo kwi-endocrinologist yendawo, kanye nokukala izinga le-glucose egazini.
Uma eqala ukuya esikalini, okungukuthi, esezingeni le-mmol / l noma ngaphezulu, kuyodingeka ngokuphuthumayo aqale ukwelashwa.
Kungani kwenzeka ukuntuleka kwe-insulin?
Isizathu sokuqala esenza kube nokuntuleka kwe-insulin kuthathwa njengokuphula izinqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni. Iningi leziguli linomkhuba wokuthola ifa lokwephula umthetho onjalo futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, liphila impilo engalungile. Ngenxa yalokhu, isifo sikashukela siyakhula.
Izizathu ezinkulu zokuthi kungani ukuntuleka kwe-insulin kuqala ukuthuthukisa yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Ukudla okuningi kakhulu okugcwele ama-carbohydrate.
- Esimweni lapho udokotela ebeke umuthi wokuthi wehlisa ushukela, bese isiguli sakhohlwa ukusithatha, i-hyperglycemia kungenzeka.
- Ukuxineka
- Ukuhlukumeza.
- Izinqubo zokuqubuka ezingqubuzanayo nezinye izifo.
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi kungaba yini imiphumela uma ungaqali ukwelashwa ngesikhathi. Omunye wemiphumela emqoka uthathwa njenge-coma. Kepha kunezinye izici ezingezinhle ezingaba futhi, ngokwesibonelo, i-ketoacidosis. Kulokhu, i-acetone eningi kumchamo ihleliwe.
Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi izimpawu ezifanayo nazo zingavela ezinganeni. Izingane kuphela ezihlangabezana nalezi zikhathi nzima. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, ngokungafani nabantu abadala, abakwazi ukulawula ngokuzimela izinga loshukela emzimbeni wabo, abaziqondi izimpawu, ngakho-ke, bangaphuthelwa ezinye zezimpawu ezisobala ze-hyperglycemia kuhlobo 2 sikashukela.
Udinga njalo ukukhumbula ukuthi ingozi ingaba khona nganoma yisiphi isikhathi uma ingane inezinga loshukela elingu-6.5 mmol / l ngaphambi kokudla noma ngo-8.9 ngemuva kokudla.
Ikakhulu ngokucophelela kufanele kubhekwe impilo yezingane ezihlaselwe izifo ezahlukahlukene ezithathelwanayo noma uma isisindo sengane ngesikhathi sokuzalwa sasingekho ngaphezulu kwekhilogremu eyodwa nengxenye.
Uma isimo siba sibucayi ngokuphelele, khona-ke ukuphuma kwesibindi ebuchosheni noma i-edema enzima yomzimba kungaqoshwa. Kungaleso sizathu umzali kumele afundise ingane ukuthi iqaphe ukondleka kwayo futhi ihlelele yona yonke imisebenzi efanelekile yomzimba, kanye nokudla okufanele.
Odinga ukukwazi lapho ukhomba i-hyperglycemia?
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukushoda kwe-insulin emzimbeni kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi ushukela wegazi ukhuphuka kaningana. Ngokuphikisana nalesi sizinda, i-hyperglycemia kungenzeka. Futhi yena, njengoba uyazi, uholela ekhungathekeni.
Kepha, phakathi kokunye, i-hyperglycemia nayo inomthelela ekutheni amanzi amaningi ngokweqile asemzimbeni angena egazini ngqo evela ezicutshini.
Ngenxa yalokhu, izicubu zisale ngaphandle komswakama wezakhi, ngakho-ke umuntu uqala ukuzizwa abile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhumba siqala ukoma ukuphuma, izinwele nezinzipho ziwohloke.
Nge-hyperglycemia, i-urinalysis izokhombisa ubukhona beshukela.
Vele, yonke le miphumela ingagwenywa. Kepha kuphela uma uqala ukwelapha lolu phawu ngesikhathi. Inqubo yokwelashwa imi ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- Ukuxilongwa okugcwele kwalesi sifo.
- Ukusungula izinga lesifo, okungukuthi uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela.
- Ukutholwa kokuxilongwa okwengeziwe kanye nanoma yimiphi imiphumela emibi engaba khona;
- Ukunquma izidakamizwa ukwelashwa.
Uma konke kucace ngamaphuzu amathathu okuqala, khona-ke okulandelayo kufanele kubhekwane nakho kabanzi. Uma izinga lesifo lingadingi ukuqokwa kwama-insulin analogue, afakwa emzimbeni, lapho-ke ungamisa kumalungiselelo ethebhulethi. Vele, manje akunangqondo ukuqamba noma yiziphi izidakamizwa, ngoba udokotela kuphela obanika zona, futhi akufanele uqale uzithathe ngaphandle kokuqokwa kwakhe.
Ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa
Vele, ngaphezu kwemithi, izindlela ezahlukahlukene ezihlukile zisiza kahle ekwelashweni kwalesi sifo. Kepha, ngeqiniso, zingahlanganiswa kuphela nokwelashwa okuyinhloko, akufanele uthembele ekutheni bangakwazi ukubuyisa ngokuphelele ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa.
Isibonelo, akulimazi ukwenza izifundo zomzimba. Ukuzivocavoca okufanele kungasiza ekubuyiseleni inqubo yokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin. Ukusebenza okunjalo komzimba nakho kuzosiza ekunciphiseni isisindo. Esigabeni sesibili sikashukela, iziguli zivame ukuba nezimpawu ezingezinhle ezinjengokukhuluphala.
Ngokwehlukana, udinga ukugxila kokudla okunempilo. Okungukuthi, umsoco owondlekile. Kungcono ukudla cishe izikhathi ezinhlanu ngosuku, kanti izingxenye ezithile zincane.
Kubalulekile ukusabalalisa ngokulinganayo inani lama-carbohydrate adliwayo ekudleni nasekusebenzeni komzimba.
Odokotela batusa ukulandela ukudla okufana nalokhu:
- Khipha ngokuphelele ukudla okumnandi (kungcono ukusebenzisa ukudla okungekho ushukela, kepha i-sorbitol noma i-xylitol nokunye okunye).
- Kufanele uzikhawulele kokudla okune-sitashi.
- Ukudla okuthosiwe nakho kubi.
- Okufanayo kuya for umhluzi inyama eqinile.
Yonke imikhiqizo equkethe amavithamini A, B, C, kanye naleyo enothe ngamaprotheni, izoba wusizo. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ukudla kungafaka:
- inyama (izinhlobo ezinamafutha aphansi);
- ama-apula
- kefir;
- iparsley.
Uma sikhuluma ngemithi yendabuko, khona-ke ama-broths avela ezitshalweni ezifana ne-barberry, cranberry, i-cornel, i-sorrel ne-Chinese magnolia umvini afanelekile.
Uma isifo sikashukela sisezigabeni zokuqala zokukhula, khona-ke ukulandela ukudla okufanele nokugcina impilo enempilo kuzobuyisela inqubo yemvelo yokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin. Futhi ngaleyo ndlela sinciphise amathuba okukhula kwesigaba esisha sesi sifo.
Ungasibona kanjani ngokushesha isimo esandayo?
I-Hyperglycemia ingenye yezinkinga ezinzima kakhulu zokuntuleka kwe-insulin. Futhi maduze nje lapho kungenzeka khona ukubona lokhu kwehla, ngokushesha kuzokwazi ukulungisa isimo futhi kusindise impilo yesiguli.
Izimpawu eziphambili zomzimba zithathwa:
- isiyezi esinzima;
- indlala yesikhumba;
- ukujuluka okusindayo;
- isiguli sizizwa sikhathele kakhulu;
- ukuthuthumela kuqala;
- umbono wehla kakhulu;
- ukugoba kungaqala;
- kukhona umuzwa onamandla wendlala;
- izibuko.
Isibonakaliso esibi kunazo zonke ukukhohlisa. Kulokhu, ukulashwa kwesiguli okuphuthumayo kanye nokwamukelwa kwezindlela zokunakekela ngokushesha kuyadingeka.
Into enzima kunazo zonke ukubhekana nesimo esinjalo kubantu abangashadile. Uma bengazi ukuthi bahlushwa ukuntuleka kwe-insulin, khona-ke ukuwohloka okunjalo kungenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Kubalulekile ukuthi kuleli cala kube nomuntu oseduze ongabasiza futhi abize i-ambulensi. Uma umuntu eyedwa, kuzodingeka uzame kusibonakaliso sokuqala, shayela udokotela.
Kodwa-ke, ukuze uvikele lesi simo, kungcono ukuthi uhlolwe njalo uchwepheshe futhi ukhombe ubukhona bokuphambuka empilweni yakho. Kungalesi simo lapho izingqinamba ezinzima zingagwenywa. Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko izokutshela konke nge-insulin.
