Isibalo sabantu abanesifo sikashukela siphindaphindeka njalo eminyakeni eyishumi. Njengamanje, bangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-400 abantu abanalesi sifo. Ukutholwa kwesifo sikashukela kuyakhula ngenxa yokwanda kokutholakala kokuthola usizo lwezokwelapha, futhi isikhathi sokuphila kwabantu siyakhula. Isifo sikashukela yisifo esiqhubekela phambili ngokuqhubekayo, ngaphandle kokwelashwa okudingekayo, kuholela ekufeni kwesiguli, njengoba kuba nezinkinga. Kepha intuthuko yesayensi ayimi, kepha yethulwa ngenkuthalo enqubweni yokwelapha. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi sokuphila siyakhula ngokuqinile, ikakhulukazi emazweni athuthukile. Manje incane kakhulu kunaleyo yabanye abantu futhi iminyaka engama-62 yabesilisa neminyaka engama-57 yabesifazane.
Akuzona zonke izinhlobo zezifo ezithinta isikhathi sokuphila ngokulingana. Isifo sikashukela esidla i-insulin, esingaba sohlobo lokuqala noma lwesibili, siholela ezinkingeni ngokushesha okukhulu, ngoba kunzima kakhulu ukulawula ushukela wegazi. Uma lesi sifo sisekelwa amaphilisi, khona-ke amathuba empilo ende aphezulu kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngekhulu lama-21, izindlela ezintsha zokwelashwa kweziguli ezinokuntuleka ngokuphelele kwe-insulin (uhlobo 1 sikashukela) zisetshenziswa ngenkuthalo, okuvumela abantu ukubala iminyaka ende yenjabulo.
Okuthinta isikhathi sokuphila
Isici esiyinhloko esinquma ukuthi isiguli esinesifo sikashukela sizophila isikhathi esingakanani izinga le-glycemia (ushukela wegazi). Lapho ephakeme, kulapho amathuba okuqhubeka kwesifo nokukhula kwezinkinga kusenesikhathi. Okuyingozi kakhulu kuzo yilezo ezikhulisa ngokuphelele futhi ezinamandla okudala ukufa kungazelelwe. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- i-ketoacidosis iyinkinga lapho izidumbu ze-ketone ziqongelela egazini;
- i-hypoglycemia - ukwehla okubukhali kokugxilwa koshukela egazini, okuholela ekuziphatheni okungafanele, futhi ekugcineni, kuye ekhefeni;
- I-hyperosmolar coma - isimo esihambisana nokuphuza okunganele kwamanzi emzimbeni wesiguli ngokuphelelwa ngamandla okubukhali komzimba;
- I-lactic acidosis ukunqwabelana kwe-lactic acid egazini ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte lapho kukhona ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo noma kwe-renal.
Noma yiziphi ezinye zezinkinga ezinkulu zingaholela ekukhubazekeni, futhi ukuphuma kulesi simo kunzima kakhulu uma ungathathi izinyathelo eziphuthumayo zokwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, lezo zinkinga okwamanje azijwayelekile kakhulu, ezihambisana nokuqapha njalo isimo sesiguli hhayi yena kuphela, kodwa nabasebenzi bezokwelapha be-polyclinics kanye nezibhedlela.
Imvamisa, izinkinga ezingalapheki ziholela ekunciphiseni kwesikhathi sokuphila, esivele sikhule kancane ngemuva kwesizinda sokulawula okunganele kwe-glycemic. Okuyingozi kakhulu kuzo yilezi ezilandelayo:
- i-nephropathy - ukulimala kwezinso, okuholela ekuphuleni umsebenzi wabo;
- i-microangiopathy - inkinga ngemikhumbi, eholela ekuthuthukiseni i-necrosis yezinto ezinqunyelweyo, yandisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi;
- i-encephalopathy - ukulimala ebuchosheni, okuholela ekwehleni okubukhali kokugxekwa kwesimo sayo;
- i-polyneuropathy iyindlela yokusebenza kohlelo lwezinzwa yephula ukuthi kungenzeka ukunyakaza komuntu okuzimele.
- ophthalmopathy - kuholela ubumpumputhe;
- ukuncipha kokugomela - kubangela ukunamathiswa kwezinkinga ezithathelwanayo (inyumoniya, i-erysipelas, i-endocarditis)
Imvamisa izinkinga eziningi zihlangana ndawonye, okuqinisa isimo sesiguli kakhulu.
Ungayikhulisa kanjani isikhathi sokuphila
Ukwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yempilo futhi ukwandise isikhathi sayo, kufanele kubhekwe izimo ezimbili ezibalulekile: ukwenza ngcono indlela yokuphila nokulawulwa ngokucophelela kwe-glycemic. Ukuxazulula inkinga yokuqala, akuwona mzamo omningi ozodingeka.
- Ukulawula isisindo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Amanye amaphilisi asiza ukunciphisa isisindo somzimba, njenge-metformin, kepha kubalulekile ukunaka kakhulu izici zokudla okunempilo. Ukunciphisa okuqukethwe kwekalori kokudla, ukukhulisa irejimeni yokuphuza, izeluleko ze-aulatoriese - konke lokhu kuzosiza ukuqapha isisindo ngokucacile.
- Ukwanda kokuzivocavoca komzimba. Ngesifo sikashukela, kungenzeka ukusetshenziswa kwe-glucose ngezicubu zemisipha kuyancishiswa. Ukukhanya nokuzivocavoca okulinganiselayo kuzothuthukisa lesi sikhombisi, esizosiza ukunciphisa imiphumela yokuntuleka kwe-insulin. Inani eliqondile lemithwalo, kanye nokuzivocavoca okuwusizo, licaciswa kangcono ngumfundisi wokulashwa ngokomzimba.
- Ukugunyazwa Inketho enhle yokugwema ukuhlangana namagciwane namagciwane yindawo evaliwe. Kepha ikhwalithi yempilo izophansi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, abantu kusazodingeka ukuthi baye ezixukwini, yize kungenzeki kaningi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kubalulekile ukukhuthaza izinga lokuvikela izivikeli mzimba. Ukudla ngezikhathi ezithile amavithamini, i-echinacea, noma umuthi okhethekile ngeseluleko se-immunologist kuzosiza ukuqinisa ukuzivikela komzimba.
- Imizwelo emihle. Lapho kukhulu okuqukethwe yi-hormone yenjabulo (i-endorphin) emzimbeni, kulapho kuthi kuphikiswa khona lesi sifo, ngokulandelana, kuphakama nezinkinga ezinde. Ukuxhumana nabangane, ukuhleka, ubudlelwane obusondelene emndenini, kanye nobulili obujwayelekile kuzosiza.
- Ukuphepha kokuphepha. Le pharamitha ibaluleke kakhulu. Kuyelulekwa ukugwema ukusikeka, ama-abrasion amancane, futhi lapho evela, aphathe ngaso leso sikhathi isikhumba nge-antiseptic kuze kuphole ngokuphelele.
Isimo sesibili esibaluleke kakhulu sokwandisa isikhathi sokuphila ukuphathwa okuqinile kwamazinga kashukela egazini. Ukukhethwa komthamo wezidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela kanye ne-insulin kwenziwa nge-endocrinologist, emadolobheni amakhulu kukhona ochwepheshe abasebenza ngqo ngalesi sifo - abanesifo sikashukela. Isayensi ayimeli - kusungulwe amadivayisi amasha ukulawula i-glycemia nezindlela zokunikeza i-insulin egazini. Lawa ngama-glucometer angahlaseli anikezela ngokuqunywa cishe kweshukela ngaphandle kokubhoboza isikhumba emunweni, kanye namaphampu we-insulin. Lezi zokugcina zihlinzeka nge-insulin engaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi ngemuva kokufakwa esiswini. Ngenxa yalokho, ikhwalithi yempilo ithuthukiswa kakhulu, ngoba umthamo odingekayo wemithi uzobalwa yikhompyutha eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, kuya ngamapharamitha wokudla okunempilo.
Izidakamizwa ezintsha nazo zibonakala zidambisa kalula ukugcinwa kwamazinga kashukela egazi. Lawa ama-insulin asebenza ngokweqile (i-glargine, lispro), adinga umjovo owodwa kuphela ngosuku, izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela ukulawula kuphela i-prandial (ngemuva kokudla) i-glycemia (ubumba) noma imithi yakamuva yomlomo evumela ukusetshenziswa kwe-glucose ngama-tishu (thiazolidinediones).
Ukuhlinzwa akusukumi. Izindlela zokwelashwa okukhulu kwesifo sikashukela ziye zavela futhi zethulwa ngentshiseko, ezihambisana nokufakelwa kwe-pancreatic noma ukuthunyelwa kweziqithi zaseLangerhans kuphela. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi usilaphe ngokuphelele isifo sikashukela, ngoba sizoqala ukukhiqiza i-insulin yaso uqobo.
Isiphetho
Ngakho-ke, impilo yesiguli ehlushwa isifo sikashukela ingaba futhi kufanele ibe yinde futhi ijabule. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kwanele ukuthi ushintshe kancane imikhuba yakho, uzivumelanise nokugula kwakho, futhi ubhekwe njalo ochwepheshe. Futhi ngosizo lwemithi yesimanje namandla okuhlinzwa, kukhona ithuba lokunqoba ngokuphelele ukugula.
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