Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus ukugula okungathi sína okubonakala ngokushoda kwe-insulin ngezinga elithile noma kwelinye. Njengomphumela we-pathology, i-hyperglycemia ingahle ivele, okuwukuthi, ukwanda koshukela wegazi, okuzoholela ekukhubazekeni okuhlukahlukene kwe-metabolic kanye nezinkinga.
Isifo sikashukela sisendaweni yesithathu ngemuva komdlavuza nesifo senhliziyo. Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyikhulu abanalesi sifo njengamanje baziwa emhlabeni wonke. Njalo ngeminyaka eyi-15 inani lamacala liphindeka kabili.
Azikho izidakamizwa ezingakuqeda ngokuphelele ukubonakaliswa kwesifo sikashukela. Uma isikhathi eside lesi sifo singalashwa, khona-ke ukuphazamiseka okungalungiseki emikhunjini yezitho ezahlukahlukene.
Ukuze uqaphele izimpawu ze-pathology ngesikhathi, kufanele wazi ukuthi hlobo luni lwesifo sikashukela olukhona.
Izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela
Kwezokwelapha, izinhlobo eziningana zikashukela ziyahlukaniswa. Igama ngokwalo lembula uhlu lwezifo ezinezici ezivamile. Izici zesifo sikashukela nezinhlobo zazo zisezingeni le-pathological kashukela egazini.
Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani i-insulin ingakwazi ukuletha i-glucose kumaseli egazini. Noma kunjalo, umphumela uhlala ufana: nge-satellite eqinile yegazi noshukela, amaseli awakwazi ukudla ngokujwayelekile.
Lapho ushukela ungangeni kumaseli, udonsela amanzi kuwo. Uketshezi olugcwalisa igazi luhamba ezinso futhi umzimba uphelelwe ngamanzi. Ngaphandle kokuthi siyini isifo sikashukela, lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo zikhona:
- Umlomo owomile.
- Umile.
- Ukuchama kaningi kanye nephrofayili.
Uhlobo ngalunye lokugula lunethonya lazo emzimbeni womuntu. Isifo sikashukela mellitus, izinhlobo zazo ezinokwehluka kwazo, kungaba:
- Okungashukela noshukela.
- I-Latent.
- Okungaba khona, kuvezwa kusengaphambili kwesifo.
- I-insulin ezimele ne-insulin.
- Labile.
- I-Renal.
- I-postoperatively, ivela ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kwe-pancreatic.
- I-pancreatic, ekhonjiswe ezilwaneni zamanyikwe.
- I-Out-of-pancreatic, ayihlobene nomonakalo wamanyikwe.
Uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela
Ukuzilimaza kwe-Autoimmune noma kwegciwane kuma-pancreas, umzimba okhiqiza i-insulin, kubizwa ngokuthi isifo sikashukela esincike emgodini. Kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1, i-insulin kungenzeka ukuthi ayikho nhlobo, noma ngamanani amancane kakhulu.
Izibalo zikhombisa ukuthi isifo sohlobo 1 luvela esemncane. Kunqunywa yizimpawu ezinjengokoma kaningi okushisayo, ukuchama ngokushesha, ukunciphisa isisindo ngokushesha, umuzwa onamandla wendlala, kanye nokuvela kwe-acetone emchameni.
Ukwelashwa kwalolu hlobo lwesifo kuqukethe ekwethuleni umthamo ofanele we-hormone ovela ngaphandle. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha azisebenzi ngokuphelele. Uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela lubonakala kaningi ngenxa yesandulela sofuzo. Isifo esinjalo singavusa into eyodwa noma eziningi ezingezinhle, siqale ushintsho lwe-pathological emasosheni omzimba.
Ngenxa yalokho, amangqamuzana e-pancreatic akhiqiza i-insulin ayonakalisiwe. Ukuntuleka kwama-hormone kuholela ekutheni ama-carbohydrate awakwazi ukusetshenziswa ngokuphelele emzimbeni, ukuntuleka kwamandla kuzama ukugcwalisa ngenxa yokuqhutshwa kwamafutha.
Izinto ezinobuthi ziqala ukungena ebuchosheni. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqapha njalo isimo samanje somzimba nokuqukethwe kweglue egazini.
Lesi sifo kungenzeka ngenxa:
- Ukutheleleka.
- Ukuxineka
- Indlela yokuphila yokuhlala.
- Izifo ze-Autoimmune.
- Isizungu.
- Ukungondleki.
Isifo sikashukela esinjalo sifinyelela ku-15% wenani eligcwele leziguli. Imvamisa, izingane nentsha ziyagula. Lesi sifo sivela ngenxa yendlela yokuphila engenzi lutho, kanye nokusetshenziswa njalo kwama-carbohydrate. Ukukhuluphala kanye nesifo sikashukela kungenzeka lapho uthatha:
- Iziphuzo ze-Carbonated.
- Ukubhema inyama.
- Ukudla okuvinjelwe.
- Ukudla okusheshayo.
Kwesinye isikhathi isifo sikashukela sivele kuqala, bese kuba ukukhuluphala. Isifo sohlobo 1 sinezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Ubuthakathaka.
- Ukucasuka.
- Ukuzizwa ediniwe.
- Isicanucanu
- Khulisa ukoma.
- Izifiso zokuchama.
Imvamisa iziguli zehlisa ngokushesha isisindo somzimba, noma okuphambene nomzimba zithola isisindo. Isifo sikashukela singaba:
- Okuyinhloko: ufuzo, kubalulekile.
- Okwesibili: i-thyroid, i-pituitary, i-steroid.
Lesi sifo singaba mnene, silinganisele noma sibe sibi kakhulu. Ngokwemvelo yale nkambo, lesi sifo sihlukaniswe sohlobo lwe-insulin nolungena-insulin. Ngenxa kashukela wegazi ophakeme, izinso nemithambo yegazi yamehlo ayonakalisiwe.
Ngakho-ke, abantu abaphethwe ukugula kokugula kohlobo lokuqala ezimweni eziningi balahlekelwa umbono, babe abacishe bangaboni. Kukhona futhi ukubonakaliswa okubalulekile okubili: okokuqala, ukungasebenzi kahle kwinso, bese - ukwehluleka kwalesi sitho. Imvamisa iziguli ziqaphela izinhlungu nokuqina kwezitho. Lokhu kungenxa yokuphazamiseka kwegazi nokulimala kwezinzwa.
Uma kukhona ukwephulwa kokugeleza kwegazi ezinyaweni, kunengozi enkulu yokuqunjelwa imilenze. Ngokwesifo sohlobo loku-1, umthamo omkhulu we-cholesterol esegazini uyabonakala, ngakho-ke, amacala okuhlaselwa isifo sohlangothi noma ukufakwa kwe-myocardial kuvame kakhulu kwabanesifo sikashukela.
Ukuqina kuvame ukukhula emadodeni onesifo sikashukela, ngoba izinzwa nemithambo yegazi ayisatholakali kwimodi enempilo. Ngenxa yokuvela kwengqondo:
- Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
- I-pancreatitis
- Isikhumba
- I-Nephropathy
- Encephalopathy
Enye ye-pathologies ebeka ingozi enkulu yi-hypoglycemic coma. Lesi simo sivame ukubulala.
Iziguli zesifo sikashukela kufanele zinqume izinga likashukela wegazi labo nsuku zonke zisebenzisa amadivaysi akhethekile enzelwe ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya. Uma kunesidingo, kuhlolwa umchamo wokuqukethwe ushukela.
Uma izinga le-glucose lenyuke, khona-ke imijovo ye-insulin izodingeka ukwelapha isifo sohlobo 1. Le hormone ibandakanyeka ku-metabolism, ivumela umzimba ukucubungula ama-carbohydrate.
Uma kungekho ukwelashwa okwanele kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, kuvela izinkinga ezinkulu. Kwezinye izimo, ukufa kungenzeka. Kwesinye isikhathi umuntu udinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela ukuthola ubunzima besimo.
Ezimweni zokuma, isiguli sifundiswa amakhono amasha ukulawula amazinga kashukela.
Uhlobo lwesibili sikashukela
Lolu hlobo lwesifo lwenzeka ngokukhiqizwa okunganele kwe-insulin yi-pancreas. Futhi, lesi simo sikhuliswa wukwehla komsebenzi wamaseli alesi sitho. Imvamisa, i-pathology yakhiwa ngenxa yokungazalwa kwama-immune immune immune kwi-hormone.
Izicubu ezivezwa i-insulin zinama-insulin receptors. Ngenxa yokuvela kwe-pathology yalezi zi-receptors, ukungasebenzi kwezicubu kwe-insulin kukhula. I-secretion ye-hormone ayinciphi, yakha ukuntuleka kwe-insulin.
Ezigulini ezinokukhuluphala, okokuqala, ukwehla kokusebenza kwama-insulin receptors kuyabonakala. Ukuhlukumeza ngokweqile kuholela ekwakhekeni ngokweqile kwe-glucose egazini, kuyilapho izicubu zokuphikisa zingavumeli i-glucose ukungena kumaseli.
Njengoba inani elanele le-insulin lidinga ushukela ukungena kumaseli, ukukhiqizwa kwalo okweqile okwenziwa ngamanyikwe, kuholela ekuncipha kwamaseli we-beta.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 emithini sithathwa njengeyona ndlela yokuthola ifa, kepha isifo sempilo engalungile. Noma ngabe kukhona ifa elinamandla, ukuphulwa okunjalo ngeke kwakha uma:
- Ukusetshenziswa kokudla okumnandi namanye ama-carbohydrate "asheshe" kukhawulelwe.
- Akunakudla ngokweqile.
- Kukhona ukulawula okungapheli kwesisindo somzimba.
- Ukuzivocavoca umzimba okwenziwa njalo.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 azicacanga. Ezimweni eziningi, umuntu akaziboni izibonakaliso zabo, ngoba akukho monakalo obonakalayo enhlalakahleni. Kepha ukwazi izimpawu, awukwazi ukuphuthelwa yisikhathi sokubonakala kwazo bese uthintana nodokotela ngesikhathi, esinquma ukugcwala kweglucose egazini. Ngakho-ke, ukunxeshezelwa ngempumelelo kwesifo sikashukela kuzokwakhiwa, ubungozi bezinkinga bunokwehliswa kakhulu.
Ukuvezwa okuyinhloko kwalesi sifo:
- Umlomo owomile.
- Ukwanda kwevolumu yomchamo, okwenza umuntu avuke njalo ebusuku.
- Ukomela okukhulu.
- Ukulunywa kwezicubu zolwelwesi.
- Isifiso esinamandla esihambisana nokusebenza kahle kwe-leptin synthesis.
Ukuba khona kwesifo sikashukela kungashiwo futhi:
- Ukulimala kancane kwenxeba.
- I-Furunculosis.
- Ukungabi namandla.
- Ukutheleleka kwesikhunta.
Lesi sifo singabonakala okokuqala lapho ufika esibhedlela ngenxa yokushaywa unhlangothi noma isifo senhliziyo. Izifo ezinjalo zikhombisa ukuthi ushukela usesigabeni esibi.
Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zivela kuphela lapho izinga likashukela likhuphuka ngaphezu komkhawulo wezinso - 10 mmol / L. Ngalesi silinganiso sikhuphuka ushukela, kuvela umchamo. Uma inani lingakafinyeleli ku-10 mmol / l wegazi, khona-ke umuntu akazizwa eshintsha emzimbeni.
Kungaphawulwa ukuthi ukusungulwa ngengozi yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kuyinto evame kakhulu.
Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, kusetshenziswa le mithi elandelayo:
- IBiguanides.
- I-Thiosolidinediones.
- Okususelwa ku-sulfonylureas.
- Glinids.
Isifo sikashukela sokutholwa kwesisu
Ukulimala komzimba kungavela kowesifazane okhulelwe. I-pathology yakhiwa ngenxa yokukhiqizwa okunganele kwe-insulin, okudingeka kulawulwa ushukela wegazi.
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, umzimba wowesifazane uphoqelelwa ukukhiqiza inani elikhulu le-insulin, elihlangabezana nezidingo ze-fetus. Le nqubo ibaluleke kakhulu engxenyeni yesibili yokuzala ingane.
Uma kunokuntuleka kwe-insulin, khona-ke izinga lama-glucose egazini lihlala likhuphuka, linikeza ithuba lokwakheka kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela. Lesi sifo kwesinye isikhathi sihamba sodwa ngemuva kokuzalwa.
Lesi yisici esivelwayo esihlukanisa kwezinye izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela, ezingapheli emvelweni.
Ishukela likashukela
Inani elikhulu lezikhathi ezivelele lihambisana nesifo sikashukela. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokugula ziluhlobo lokuqala nolwesibili. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi kunohlobo lwaphakathi nendawo lwalesi sifo esiyingozi esibizwa ngokuthi isifo sikashukela i-LADA.
Isifo esinjalo senzeka lapho sesikhulile. Lolu hlobo lokugula luyingozi ngoba isikhathi eside lungazenza luhlobo lwe-2 sikashukela. Uhlobo lokugcina lwalesi sifo lutholakala kanzima.
I-LADA yisifo esikhulu se-autoimmune. Amasosha omzimba aqala ukuhlasela umzimba wakhe, elokhu ebhubhisa amaseli e-beta akhiqiza i-insulin kumanyikwe. Kepha iziguli ezinjengalezi zingakwenza ngaphandle kwemijovo ye-insulin isikhathi eside, ngokungafani nalabo abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo olu-1.
Ngendlela yokugcina yesifo sikashukela, izinqubo zokuzivikela ezifweni zihamba kancane. Ama-pancreas agcina amaseli e-beta asebenzayo. Iziguli zikhonjiswa ukwelashwa ngemithi ehloselwe abanesifo sikashukela abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ama-antibodies abhubhisa amaseli amaningi e-beta, okuholela ekwehlekeni okukhulu kwesamba se-insulin nokusetshenziswa okungenakugwenywa kokwelashwa kwe-insulin.
Ishukela likashukela
I-mellitus yesifo sikashukela se-latent inelinye igama: i-latent noma ukulala. Lokhu kudalwa kwesifo sikashukela sokuqala kokuqala.
Esigabeni sokuqala sesifo sikashukela, ushukela kanye nezibalo zegazi lakhe akusoze kwadlula okujwayelekile. Esigabeni sokuqala salesi sifo, kuphulwa umthetho wokungabekezelelwa kwe-glucose. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemuva komthwalo woshukela kubantu, kuhamba kancane kakhulu, kepha ukwehla kokuxineka koshukela kuyabonakala egazini.
Abantu abanjalo banethuba eliphakeme lokukhula lesifo sikashukela eminyakeni eyi-10-15. Lokhu kugula akudingi ikhambi elithile eliyinkimbinkimbi, noma kunjalo, ukubhekwa njalo kwezokwelapha kubalulekile. Uhlobo lokugcina lwesifo sikashukela lungavela iminyaka eminingi.
Ekuthuthukisweni kwayo, kwesinye isikhathi kwanele ukusinda ekuwohlokeni okukhulu kwemizwa noma ukuthola ukutheleleka ngegciwane.
Isifo sikashukela
Isifo sikashukela yisifo esidalwa wukugula okubangelwa ukungapheleli ngokuphelele noma okuhlobene kwe-vasopressin, i-hormone enesenzo sokulwa ne-antidiuretic. Abantu bahlushwa ukuchama ngokungazelelwe nokoma. Ukulala okuphazamisekile kakhulu, futhi umuntu akakwazi ukubuyisela amandla ngokujwayelekile.
Cishe kukhipha amalitha amalitha ayi-6-16 womchamo okhanyayo ngosuku. Ukuntuleka kwesifiso sokudla kanye nokunciphisa umzimba kuyabonakala futhi. Umuntu uhlala ekhathele futhi engaphatheki kahle, kubhekwe isikhumba esomile kanye nokuntuleka kokujuluka.
Isifo sikashukela esikhokhelwe
Isifo sikashukela yisifo esiwukuhlukumeza umzimba we-carbohydrate metabolism. Zonke izindlela zokwelapha zihloselwe ekujwayekeni kwawo. Umphumela esimeme kunzima impela ukuwufinyelela. Ngenxa yokwelashwa okuhlala isikhathi eside, izinga le-carbohydrate metabolism lingashintshashintsha, futhi libe namanani ahlukile.
Kunezindlela eziningi ezinganxephezela lesi sifo esiyingozi. Imayelana:
- Kubanjisiwe.
- Kukhokhelwe.
- Ifomu elihlanganisiwe.
Ifomu elibolile libonakala ngeqiniso lokuthi akukho cishe ukuthuthuka kumetaboliki we-carbohydrate. Ukuqunjelwa okukhulu koshukela egazini kuyabonakala, i-acetone noshukela kutholakala kumchamo.
Isifo sikashukela esifakiwe siyindlela yokusebenza lapho amazinga kashukela egazi angafani kakhulu nokujwayelekile, futhi futhi ayikho i-acetone kumchamo. Ngendlela enxeshezelwe yalesi sifo esintwini, i-glucose ijwayelekile, kuyilapho kungekho shukela umchamo.
Isifo sikashukela sikashukela
Lesi sifo singafakwa uma siqhathaniswa nohlobo lwenkambo oludonsa kanzima futhi oluzinzile. Izinhlobonhlobo zesifo esibonakalayo sibonisa ngokuguquguquka okukhulu kushukela wegazi nsuku zonke.
Ebantwini abanjalo, i-hypoglycemia ivela, imvamisa ntambama. Lala ebusuku nasekuseni kakhulu kuba khona ukoma okuqinile ne-hyperglycemia. Inkambo yokugcina yesifo ivame ukuhambisana nokwakhiwa kwe-ketoacidosis, okuvame ukuholela ekhefeni likashukela.
Ukushintshwa ngokushesha kwe-hypoglycemia nge-hyperglycemia kuwuphawu lwesifo sikashukela sentsha nengane. Ukuqina kwenkambo yalesi sifo kuwuphawu lwasesigabeni salo esiphakathi. Lesi sifo siyabonakala uma sisesimweni esibi. Ividiyo ekule ndatshana izokhuluma ngezinhlobo zesifo sikashukela.
