Umuntu ojwayelekile kufanele abe noshukela omningi kangakanani?

Abantu abaningi abakhathazekile ngempilo yabo banesifiso sokuthi yini okufanele ibe ushukela wegazi kumuntu ophilile? Izinqubo eziningi ze-metabolic, futhi ngenxa yalokho impilo yomuntu jikelele, incike kuzinga likashukela emzimbeni. Inani lalesi sikhombisi lithonywa yizici eziningi, kepha eyinhloko yiminyaka.

Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela akunqunywa izinga likashukela egazini, njengoba abaningi bekholelwa, kodwa ngokuqukethwe kweglucose - into eqinisekisa ukusebenza okujwayelekile komzimba wonke. Kungumlando nje ukuthi “ukuhlolwa koshukela” kusenegama lelo.

NgeNkathi Ephakathi, odokotela babekholelwa ukuthi iziguli ezikhononda ngezifo ezinamakhompiyutha, ukoma njalo kwamanzi, nokuchama kaningi kuye kwenyusa amazinga kashukela wegazi. Emakhulukhulu eminyaka kamuva, imiphumela yokugcina yezifundo eziningi yakhombisa ukuthi kwakuyi-glucose eyayibandakanyeka kumetabolism.

Yini i-glucose kanye nokulawulwa komzimba wayo?

I-glucose iyithuluzi lamandla eliyinhloko emazingeni wamaselula nezicubu, ibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kobuchopho. Ngenxa yokwethulwa kokuphendula kwamakhemikhali, ukuwohloka koshukela okulula nama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi akha i-glucose.

Ngasizathu simbe, inkomba yeglucose ingancipha, maqondana nalokhu, amafutha azosetshenziswa ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwezitho. Lapho zibhidlika, kwakheka imizimba ye-ketone eyingozi emzimbeni, okuthinta kabi ukusebenza kwengqondo nezinye izitho zomuntu. Kanye nokudla, ushukela ungena emzimbeni. Ingxenye ethile isetshenziswa emsebenzini oyisisekelo, kanti enye igcinwa esibindini ngesimo se-glycogen, okuyi-carbohydrate eyinkimbinkimbi. Esimweni lapho umzimba udinga i-glucose, kuvela amakhemikhali ayinkimbinkimbi, kanye nokwenziwa kwe-glucose evela ku-glycogen.

Yini elawula izinga okuthiwa ushukela wegazi? I-insulin yi-hormone eyinhloko esehlisa ushukela, ikhiqizwa kumaseli we-beta wamanyikwe. Kepha ushukela ukhuphula inani elikhulu lama-hormone afana nalawa:

1. i-glucagon ephendula emazingeni we-glucose aphansi;
2. ama-hormone enzelwe indlala yegilo;
3. ama-hormone akhiqizwa yizindlala ze-adrenal - adrenaline ne-norepinephrine;
4. ama-glucocorticoids ahlanganiswa engxenyeni ehlukile ye-adrenal gland;
5. "ama-hormone okuyala" akhiwe ebuchosheni;
6. izinto ezifana nama-hormone ezikhulisa ushukela.

Ngokusekelwe kokungenhla, kuvusa ukwanda koshukela ngezinkomba eziningi, futhi kuncipha i-insulin kuphela. Luhlelo lwezinzwa oluzimele lokukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone emzimbeni.

Amazinga kashukela wegazi ajwayelekile?

Yini okufanele ibe ushukela wegazi onqunywe itafula elikhethekile elibheka iminyaka yesiguli. Iyunithi yokulinganisa ushukela egazini yi-mmol / ilitha.

Lapho kuthathwa esiswini esingenalutho, ushukela ojwayelekile usukela ku-3,2 kuye ku-5.5 mmol / L. Amazinga we-glucose angakhuphuka afike ku-7.8 mmol / L egazini ngemuva kokudla, okubuye kube yinto ejwayelekile. Kepha ukuhlaziywa okunjalo kwedatha kuthathwe kuphela emunweni. Uma kwenzeka ukufaka isampula yegazi le-venous esiswini esingenalutho, i-6.1 mmol / L ibhekwa njengoshukela owenelisisayo.

Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, okuqukethwe kwe-glucose kuyanda futhi kungu-3.8-5.8 mmol / L. Isifo sikashukela sokutholwa komzimba singakhula emavikini angama-24 kuya kokukhulelwa, isimo lapho izicubu zowesifazane zizwelana kakhulu nokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin. Imvamisa ihamba yodwa ngemuva kokubeletha, kepha ezimweni ezingavamile kungaholela ekukhuleni kwesifo sikashukela kumama osemncane.

Futhi-ke, amanani alandelayo abhekwa njengejwayelekile:

• Inyanga engu-0-1 - 2.8-4.4 mmol / l;
• Inyanga e-1 - iminyaka eyi-14 - 3.2-5.5 mmol / l;
• Iminyaka eyi-14-60 ubudala - 3.2-5.5 mmol / l;
• Iminyaka engama-60-90 - 4.6-6.4 mmol / l;
• Iminyaka engama-90 nangaphezulu - 4.2-6.7 mmol / l.

Kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni lwesifo sikashukela (okokuqala noma kwesibili) isiguli esinalo, inkomba ye-glucose yomuntu kumele ikhule. Ukuyigcina isezingeni elijwayelekile, udinga ukulandela zonke izincomo zikadokotela oholayo, thatha imishanguzo kanye nezithasiselo zokudla, futhi ubuye uphile impilo esebenzayo.

Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela kubantu banoma ibuphi ubudala kwenziwa ngokudlula kohlolo lwegazi loshukela esiswini esingenalutho. Izinkomba ezibucayi ezwakala zikhala mayelana nokuba khona kwalesi sifo kubantu yilezi ezilandelayo:

• kusuka ku-6.1 mmol / l - lapho uthatha igazi elivela emunweni esiswini esingenalutho;
• kusuka ku-7 mmol / l - ekuhlaziyweni kwegazi le-venous.

Odokotela bathi futhi ngesikhathi sokusampula kwegazi ihora eli-1 ngemuva kokudla ukudla, izinga likashukela wegazi likhuphukela ku-10 mmol / l, ngemuva kwamahora ama-2 isilinganiso esijwayelekile senyuka saya ku-8 mmol / l. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuphumula kobusuku, izinga likashukela lehla laya ku-6 mmol / L.

Ukwephulwa kwesimo soshukela enganeni noma kumuntu okhulile angakhuluma okubizwa nge- "prediabetes" - isimo esiphakathi lapho amanani asukela ku-5.5 kuya ku-6 mmol / l.

Ukuhlolwa ushukela

Igazi lithathwa esiswini esingenalutho ngaphandle kokwephula umunwe noma emithanjeni. Ukuhlaziywa kungathathwa bobabili elabhorethri futhi ngokuzimele ekhaya usebenzisa ithuluzi elikhethekile - i-glucometer. Kulula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa, kudonselwa ithonsi elilodwa legazi ukunquma izinga kashukela. Ngemuva kokuphonsa ithonsi emgqeni wokuhlola okhethekile, bese ufakwa edivayisini, ngemuva kwemizuzwana embalwa ungathola umphumela. Ukuba khona kwe-glucometer esigulini esinesifo sikashukela kulula kakhulu, ngoba isiguli kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi siqaphe okuqukethwe kwe-glucose.

Uma idivaysi ikhombisile ukuthi izinkomba ngaphambi kokudla ukudla ziphakeme kakhulu, umuntu kufanele ahlolwe kabusha elabhoratri ekhethekile. Ngaphambi kokwenza isifundo, awudingi ukulandela indlela odla ngayo, lokhu kungahlanekezela imiphumela. Ungadli futhi amaswidi amakhulu. Ukwethenjwa kwemiphumela kuthonywa yizinto ezinjengalezi:

1. ukukhulelwa
2. isimo esicindezelayo;
3. izifo ezahlukahlukene;
4. izifo ezingamahlalakhona;
5. ukukhathala (kubantu ngemuva kokuhamba kobusuku).

Iziguli eziningi ziyazibuza ukuthi kudingeka kangaki ukukala okuqukethwe ushukela. Impendulo incike ohlotsheni lwesifo seziguli. Uhlobo lokuqala lwesiguli sikashukela kufanele luhlole izinga likashukela ngaphambi kokufaka umjovo we-insulin. Esimweni sokuxineka, ushintsho esivinini esijwayelekile sempilo noma ukuwohloka kwempilo, okuqukethwe ushukela kufanele kukalwe kaningi, futhi ushintsho lwamagugu kungenzeka. Uhlobo lwesibili lwalesi sifo lubandakanya ukubheka okungenani kathathu ngosuku - ekuseni, ngemuva kwehora ngemuva kokudla nangaphambi kokuphumula kobusuku.

Odokotela bagcizelela ukubheka ushukela njengendlela yokuvimbela okungenani njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 futhi abasengozini.

Okokuqala, laba ngabantu abakhuluphele futhi abanesifiso sokuba nesifo sikashukela, nabesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Ukulinganisa ushukela ekhaya

Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwamazinga kashukela egulini kudinga idivaysi ekhethekile - i-glucometer.

Ngaphambi kokuyithenga, kufanele ubheke ukuthi sithatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuqaphela umphumela, izindleko zaso nokusebenziseka kalula kwaso.

Ngemuva kokuthenga i-glucometer, udinga ukufunda ngokucophelela imiyalo yokusebenzisa.

Ukuthola umphumela onokwethenjelwa lapho unquma amazinga kashukela usebenzisa idivaysi enjalo, udinga ukulandela imithetho embalwa elula:

1. Hlaziya ekuseni ngaphambi kokudla.
2. Geza izandla bese welula umunwe lapho kuzokhishwa khona igazi.
3. Phatha umunwe ngotshwala.
4. Usebenzisa isikhafu, yenza ukubhoboza ohlangothini lomunwe wakho.
5. Iconsi legazi lokuqala kumele lisulwe ngendwangu eyomile.
6. Consela iconsi lesibili emseleni ekhethekile wokuhlola.
7. Yibeke kwimitha bese ulindela imiphumela esibonisweni.

Namuhla, kunikezwa okukhulu emakethe yama-glucometer asekhaya nakwamanye amazwe. Idivayisi yokunquma okuqukethwe ushukela egazini - Isiphuphutheki esivela kumkhiqizi waseRussia ngokufanele sinquma umphumela wokufunda.

Akushesi kakhulu, kepha ingatholakala ngazo zonke izingxenye zabantu, ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphansi.

Izimpawu zokuphazamiseka kashukela egazini

Lapho okuqukethwe ushukela kuyinto evamile, umuntu uzizwa emuhle. Kodwa kuphela inkomba edlula imikhawulo evumelekile, ezinye izinkomba zingavela.

Ukuchama kaningi nokoma. Lapho amazinga kashukela egazi lomuntu enyuka, izinso ziqala ukusebenza kakhulu ukuze zisuse okweqile.

Ngalesi sikhathi, izinso zisebenzisa uketshezi olahlekile kusuka ezicutshini, ngenxa yokuthi umuntu uvame ukufuna ukhulula isidingo. Umuzwa wokoma ukhombisa ukuthi umzimba udinga uketshezi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungahle kube nezimpawu ezinjalo:

1. Isiyezi. Kulokhu, ukuntuleka koshukela kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi. Ngomsebenzi ojwayelekile wobuchopho, ushukela uyadingeka. Uma isiguli sikhathazekile ngesiyezi, kufanele sibonane nodokotela ukuze silungise ukwelashwa.
2. Ukusebenza ngokweqile nokukhathala. Njengoba i-glucose iyinto yamandla amaseli, lapho incipha, ayinawo amandla. Kulokhu, umuntu uvame ukuzizwa ekhathele ngisho nokuxineka okuncane ngokomzimba noma kwengqondo.
3. Ukuvuvukala izingalo nemilenze. Isifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme kungathinta kabi ukusebenza kwezinso. Kulokhu, lo ketshezi luyoqongelela emzimbeni, futhi luzoholela ekukhukhumaleni kwemilenze nasezingalweni.
4. Ukuxhaxha nokuqina kwezitho. Ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi eside kwalesi sifo, izinzwa ziyalimala. Ngakho-ke, isiguli esinesifo sikashukela singazizwa izimpawu ezinjalo, ikakhulukazi lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lishintsha.
5. Ukulimazeka kokubonakalayo. Ukulimazeka nokuphazamiseka kwemikhumbi yama-apula we-intraocular kuholela ku-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela, lapho kukhona ukulahleka kancane kancane kombono, ikakhulukazi kubantu asebekhulile. Izithombe ezifiphele, amabala amnyama nokukhanya - lokhu kuyinkomba yokwelashwa okuphuthumayo kudokotela.
6. Ezinye izinkomba zifaka ukwehla kwesisindo, ukucasuka kokugaya ukudla, ukutheleleka kwesikhumba, nokwelashwa kwamanxeba isikhathi eside.

Ngakho-ke, uma ubona okungenani eyodwa yalezi zimpawu ezingenhla, kufanele uthintane nodokotela ngokushesha.

Ukuzikhathalela ngokungazinaki kuwe nokwelashwa ngokungazelele kungaholela ezinkingeni ezingenakulungiswa.

Incomo yokuthola isilinganiso esijwayelekile

Ukuthola isilinganiso se-glucose ejwayelekile umgomo oyinhloko wesifo sikashukela. Uma okuqukethwe ushukela kuhlala kukhula njalo, khona-ke lokhu ekugcineni kuzoholela eqinisweni lokuthi igazi liqala ukuqina. Lapho-ke ngeke ikwazi ukudlula masinyane emithanjeni yegazi emincane, okubandakanya ukungabi nawo umsoco wawo wonke izicubu emzimbeni.

Ukuvimbela imiphumela enjalo edumazayo, kufanele ukubheke njalo okuqukethwe ushukela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, landela lezi zincomo:

1. Bheka umsoco ofanele. Ukudla okudliwa ngabantu kuthinta ngqo amazinga kashukela. Ukudla komuntu onesifo sikashukela kufanele kufake ukudla okumbalwa ngangokunokwenzeka okuqukethe i-carbohydrate yokugaya. Esikhundleni salokho, udinga ukusebenzisa imifino nezithelo eziningi, ushiye ngokuphelele utshwala.
2. Namathela kwesisindo somzimba esijwayelekile. Kungabalwa kusetshenziswa inkomba ekhethekile - isilinganiso sesisindo (kg) kuya kubude (m²) Uma uthola inkomba engaphezu kwama-30, udinga ukuqala ukuxazulula inkinga yokukhuluphala ngokweqile.
3. Hola indlela yokuphila esebenzayo. Noma kungenzeki ukuya ejimini noma ugijime ekuseni, udinga ukuziqeqesha ukuze uhambe okungenani uhhafu wehora ngosuku. Noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuzivocavoca lwesifo sikashukela luzoba wusizo.
4. Yenqaba ukubhema okwenzayo nokungabhemi.
5. Gada umfutho wegazi lakho nsuku zonke.
6. Naka ukuphumula. Kufanele ulale njalo ngokwanele, ubheke okuncane kakhulu esikrinini se-TV noma sefoni ukuze amehlo akho angakhathali. Khipha ikhofi ngaphambi kokulala.

Ngeshwa, isayensi ayisazi ukuthi singaselapha kanjani isifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala nolwesibili. Kodwa ukulandela ukudla okufanele, indlela yokuphila esebenzayo, ukuyeka imikhuba emibi, ukuxilongwa okufika ngesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kukuvumela ukuthi ugcine ushukela wakho wegazi usesimweni esijwayelekile.

Kwividiyo ekulesi sihloko, udokotela uzokhuluma ngokujwayelekile koshukela wegazi.