Muva nje, odokotela abavela emhlabeni wonke bebelokhu bekhala ngomsindo mayelana nesifo esibizwa ngokuthi "isifo esimnandi." Uhlobo 1 nohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela minyaka yonke kuthatha izimpilo ezi-1. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njalo ngemizuzwana eyi-7 emhlabeni, kutholakala abantu ababili ngalokhu.
Ososayensi bathi ngo-2030 lesi sifo sizoba isici esiyisisekelo sokufa. Ngakho-ke, kunesidingo esandayo sokwazi ukuthi siyini isifo sikashukela nokuthi izinhlobo 1 no-2 zesifo ziyehluka kanjani.
Kuhlobo 1 nohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela, umehluko usezimbangela zokuthuthuka kwe-pathology.
Izici ezijwayelekile zesifo
Isifo sikashukela yisifo esihambisana nokungasebenzi kahle kohlelo lwe-endocrine, lapho kukhula khona ushukela wegazi. Lesi simo sibangela ukungabikho ngokuphelele kwe-insulin ye-hormone noma ukwephulwa kokuqunjelwa amaseli nezicubu zomzimba kuyo. Lokhu ngumehluko omkhulu phakathi kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nohlobo 2.
I-insulin yi-hormone eyenziwe ngamanyikwe. Kwenzelwe ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi. Kuyi-glucose okuyiwona mthombo wamandla wamaseli nezicubu.
Uma ama-pancreas engasebenzi kahle, awakwazi ukudonswa kahle, ngakho-ke, ukugcwala amandla amasha, umzimba uqala ukudiliza amafutha, okuyimikhiqizo eyenziwe ngobuthi - imizimba ye-ketone. Kuyakuthinta kabi ukusebenza kobuchopho, uhlelo lwezinzwa nomzimba womuntu wonke.
Ukuthuthukiswa kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nohlobo 2, kanye nokwelashwa kwalo okungakafaneli, kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi. Ngakho-ke, odokotela baphikelela ekwenzeni ukuhlolwa kwegazi kokuqukethwe ushukela okungenani kanye ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-40 kuya kwengama-5. Igazi lomuntu omdala elinikelwe esiswini esingenalutho ekuseni kufanele aqukethe kusuka ku-3.9 kuye ku-5.5 mmol / L; noma yikuphi ukuphambuka ohlangothini kungakhombisa isifo sikashukela.
Ngasikhathi sinye, izinhlobo ezi-3 eziphambili zesifo ziyahlukaniswa: uhlobo 1 sikashukela nohlobo 2 sikashukela (esishiwo ekuqaleni), kanye nesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa, esenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Izimbangela zo Type 1 Diabetes
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle kwamanyikwe, amaseli we-beta, i-insulin ayikhiqizwa, ngakho-ke, thayipha i-1 mellitus yesifo sikashukela.
Uma kungasabeli ukusabela kwamangqamuzana nezicubu zomzimba ku-insulin, imvamisa ngenxa yokukhuluphala noma ukukhuluphala okungafanele kwehomoni, ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kuyaqala.
Ithebula elingezansi libonisa incazelo yokuqhathanisa yohlobo 1 nohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela maqondana nezinye izici zokuvela kwalo.
| Isizathu | Uhlobo olu-1 | 2 uhlobo |
| Isizungu | Akuyona imbangela enkulu yokwanda kwalesi sifo. Yize isiguli singazuza ifa le -ology kusuka kumama noma kubaba. | Kukhona ukuxhumana okukhulu ne-genetics yomndeni. Ingane ingathola lolu hlobo lwesifo kubazali olunamandla afinyelela kuma-70%. |
| Umsoco | Kukhona inani elikhulu leziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, umama angazondlanga ngobisi lwebele, kodwa wanikeza ukuxubeka okuhlukahlukene. | Ukudla okungenamsoco kudlala indima enkulu ekwakhiweni kwe-pathology. Ezimweni eziningi, ukukhuluphala kuhambisana nesifo sikashukela. |
| Izimo zesimo sezulu | Isimo sezulu esibandayo sidlala indima ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo. | Ukuxhumana phakathi kwesimo sezulu nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 akutholakalanga. |
| Umzimba womuntu | Ukuphazanyiswa kwe-Autoimmune kuhlotshaniswa nokuhanjiswa kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane (i-rubella, im Mumps, njll.). | Lesi sifo senzeka kubantu abadala kuneminyaka engama-40-45. Iqembu lengcuphe futhi lifaka phakathi abantu abaphila impilo yokungasebenzi. |
Phakathi kokunye, into ehlukile ethinta ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ubulili nohlanga lomuntu. Ngakho-ke, uhhafu omuhle wobuntu kanye nomjaho weNegroid maningi amathuba okuthi uhlupheke ngawo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa kwabesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kubangelwa izinguquko emzimbeni, ngakho-ke ukwanda koshukela wegazi kuya ku-5.8 mmol / L kuyinto ejwayelekile.
Ngemuva kokubeletha, ihamba yodwa, kepha ngezikhathi ezithile ingaphenduka isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Izimpawu nezinkinga zohlobo 1 nohlobo 2 sikashukela mellitus
Ezigabeni zokuqala, i-pathology idlula icishe ibe nzima.
Kepha ngokuqhubeka kwesifo sikashukela, umuntu angaba nezimpawu ezahlukahlukene.
Yini umehluko phakathi kwezimpawu zalezi zinhlobo ezimbili, itafula elilandelayo lizosiza ukuqonda.
| Sayina | Uhlobo olu-1 | 2 uhlobo |
| Izimpawu zokuqala | Kubonakale emavikini ambalwa. | Thuthukisa ngaphezulu kweminyaka eminingana. |
| Ukubukeka ngokomzimba kwesiguli | Imvamisa umzimba ojwayelekile noma omncane. | Iziguli zivame ukukhuluphala ngokweqile noma ukukhuluphala. |
| Izimpawu zokubonakaliswa kwe-pathology | Ukuchama kaningi, ukoma, ukunciphisa umzimba ngokushesha, indlala nokudla okuhle, ukozela, ukuphazamiseka, ukuphazamiseka kohlelo lokugaya ukudla (ikakhulukazi isicanucanu nokuhlanza). | Ukuchama kaningi, ukoma, ukwehla ngokushesha kwesisindo, ukulamba ngesifiso esihle sokudla, ukozela, ukungakhathali, isistimu yokugaya ukudla, ukungaboni kahle, ukulunywa yinsini, ukushesha esikhumbeni, ukuphulukiswa kwamanxeba okuhlala isikhathi eside, umlomo owomile, ukuzindla nokuxinana emilenzeni. |
Uma izimpawu zihlukile kulolohlobo 1 nesifo sikashukela 2, khona-ke ubunzima obuvela ekuqhubekeni kwalezi zifo cishe buyafana. Ukuxilongwa okungaziwa kanye nokwelashwa okungajwayelekile kuholela ekuthuthukisweni:
- Isifo sikashukela sikashukela, esinohlobo 1 - ketoacidotic, nohlobo 2 - hypersmolar. Kunoma ikuphi, kubalulekile ukuthi udlulisele isiguli esibhedlela ngokushesha ukuze siphinde sisindiswe.
- I-Hypoglycemia - ukwehla okubukhali ushukela wegazi.
- I-Nephropathy - umsebenzi we-renal ophazamisekile noma ukwehluleka kwezinso.
- Khuphula umfutho wegazi.
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-retinopathy yeswekile ehambisana nokuphazamiseka kwemithambo yegazi ngaphakathi kwezibuko zamehlo.
- Yehlisa izivikelo zomzimba, ngenxa yalokho - umkhuhlane ovamile kanye no-SARS.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela i-mellitus yazo zombili izinhlobo zokuqala nezesibili ziba nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo nemivimbo.
Ukuxilongwa kohlobo 1 nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2
Ukuxilongwa ngesikhathi ngalesi sifo kungavimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pathology kanye nezinkinga. Iziguli eziningi zizibuza ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlolwa okwenziwe kangcono. Impendulo ayikho endleleni yokuxilonga, kepha imvamisa yokusetshenziswa kwayo. Izindlela ezilandelayo zisetshenziselwa ukuthola amazinga kashukela egazini:
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-glucose yegazi kwenziwa ekuseni ngesisu esingenalutho. Ngokwemiphumela yocwaningo, i-hypo- noma i-hyperglycemia inganqunywa. Izinkomba ezejwayelekile zomuntu obudala kubhekwe ukuthi zisuka ku-3.9 kuye ku-5.5 mmol / L, amanani asukela ku-5.6 kuya ku-6.9 mmol / L akhombisa i-prediabetes, futhi kusukela kushukela - ukusuka ku-7 mmol / L noma ngaphezulu.
Ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela ushukela kwenziwa ngokuthatha igazi le-venous. Emahoreni amabili ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa, isiguli siphuza amanzi anosawoti. Imiphumela yokuhlola etholwe ngaphezulu kwe-11.1 mmol / l ikhombisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pathology.
Thatha i-hemoglobin ye-glycated (noma i-HbA1c). Lolu cwaningo lunikeza ushukela wegazi ojwayelekile ezinyangeni ezi-2 noma ezi-3 ezedlule.
Ukulawula ushukela, sebenzisa i-glucometer. Iziguli ekwelashweni kohlobo lwe-1 yesifo sikashukela kufanele zibheke okuqukethwe ngaphambi kokujova ngakunye kwe-insulin. Futhi iziguli ezihlushwa uhlobo lwesibili lwesifo ziyadingeka ukulawula amazinga kashukela okungenani kathathu ngosuku. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa, kufanele ulandele imithetho yokuhlanzeka ngesikhathi senqubo futhi uzojwayeza imiyalo enamathiselwe kudivayisi ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ukuhlola ushukela nge-glucometer, udinga:
- Phatha umunwe ngotshwala.
- Ngokubhoboza umunwe kancane.
- Sula amaconsi okuqala egazi nge swab noma ukotini owomile.
- Consela iconsi lesibili emseleni wokuvivinya.
Esigabeni sokugcina, udinga ukufaka umucu ocingweni bese ulindela umphumela.
Umehluko ekwelashweni kwezinhlobo 1 no-2 ze-pathology
Uhlobo 1 no-Type 2 sikashukela kufanele welashwe ngokushesha, ngokuphelele nangokufanele.
Ngokuyisisekelo, kufaka izakhi eziningana: ukudla okufanele, indlela yokuphila esebenzayo, ukulawula ushukela wegazi nokwelashwa.
Ngezansi kunemithetho eyisisekelo yokwelapha isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nohlobo 2, umehluko okufanele ucatshangelwe ukuthuthukisa isimo sempilo sesiguli.
| Uhlobo olu-1 | 2 uhlobo | |
| Ukutakula | Awukwazi ukwelulama ngokuphelele kushukela. Ngohlobo lokuqala lwesifo, ukwelashwa kwe-insulin njalo kuyadingeka. Muva nje, ososayensi bacubungula ukusetshenziswa kwama-immunosuppressants, okuzokhiqiza i-gastrin, ekhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwama-pancreas. | Alikho ikhambi eliphelele lesifo. Ukulandela kuphela zonke izincomo zikadokotela kanye nokusetshenziswa okuyikho kwezidakamizwa kuzothuthukisa isimo sesiguli futhi kwandise ukuthethelelwa. |
| Izinhlobo zokwelashwa | Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin; · Imithi (ezimweni ezingavamile); · Ukudla okufanele; · Ukuzivocavoca umzimba; · Ukulawulwa kashukela wegazi; Ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi yegazi; · Ukulawulwa kwe-cholesterol. | Izidakamizwa ze-antidiabetic; · Ukubambelela ekudleni okukhethekile; · Ukuzivocavoca umzimba; · Ukulawulwa kashukela wegazi; Ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi yegazi; · Ukulawulwa kwe-cholesterol. |
Isici sokudla okuyisipesheli ukunciphisa umkhawulo wokudla okune-carbohydrate kanye namafutha okugaya kalula.
Ukusuka ekudleni udinga ukungafaki imikhiqizo yebhikawozi, amakhekhe, amaswidi ahlukahlukene namanzi amnandi, inyama ebomvu.
Ukuvimbela isifo sikashukela mellitus 1 no 2
Eqinisweni, azikho izindlela eziphumelelayo zokuvimbela isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Kepha uhlobo 2 lwalesi sifo lungavinjelwa ngokulandela imithetho elula:
- umsoco ofanele;
- indlela yokuphila esebenzayo, umsebenzi ngokomzimba kushukela;
- inhlanganisela efanele umsebenzi nokuzilibazisa;
- ukunakwa okukhethekile empilweni yakho;
- Ukulawulwa kwengcindezi engokomzwelo.
Ukuhambisana nezincomo ezinjalo kusho lukhulu kumuntu osuvele enelungu lomndeni okungenani elilodwa elinokuxilongwa okunjalo. Indlela yokuphila yokuhlala phansi ithinta kabi impilo yakho, ikakhulukazi, ibanga isifo sikashukela.
Ngakho-ke, nsuku zonke udinga ukwenza ukugijimela, i-yoga, dlala imidlalo yakho oyithandayo, noma okungenani uhambe nje.
Awukwazi ukusebenza ngokweqile, ukuntuleka kokulala, ngoba kukhona ukwehla kwezokuvikela umzimba. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela luyingozi kakhulu kunolwesibili, ngakho-ke indlela yokuphila enempilo ingavikela abantu kulesi sifo.
Futhi-ke, umuntu owazi ukuthi siyini isifo sikashukela, yini ehlukanisa uhlobo lokuqala kwesibili, izimpawu eziphambili zesifo, ukuqhathanisa ekwelashweni kwezinhlobo ezimbili, kungavimbela ukukhula kwaso uqobo noma, uma kutholakala, kusheshe kusithole lesi sifo bese siqala ukwelashwa okuyikho.
Kuyiqiniso, isifo sikashukela sibonisa ingozi enkulu esigulini, kodwa ngokuphendula okusheshayo, ungathuthukisa impilo yakho ngokunciphisa izinga le-glucose emazingeni ajwayelekile. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nohlobo 2 kuvidiyo ekulesi sihloko?
