Isifo esibizwa ngokuthi isifo sikashukela i- mellitus sisho ukuphazamiseka okukhulu ekusebenzeni kwe-metabolism yamanzi kanye nama-carbohydrate, okubangela ukungasebenzi kahle kumanyikwe, okuyiwo obangela ukukhiqizwa kwehomoni ebizwa nge-insulin. I-insulin nayo inesibopho sokufaka ushukela ngamangqamuzana omzimba.
Ukuntuleka noma ukungabikho ngokuphelele kwe-hormone kwenza inqubo yokuguqula ushukela ibe ushukela ibe yinto engenakwenzeka. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, umzimba uqala ukuqongelela ushukela ku-plasma wegazi, futhi lapho iba yimbi kakhulu, ususe ngokweqile umchamo.
Ukwephula umthetho futhi kuthinta kabi ukuqaliswa kokusebenza kwamanzi. Izicubu eziningi azisabambi amanzi ngaphakathi, ngakho-ke uketshezi oluningi olungaphansi lusetshenzwa izinso.
I-Hyperglycemia, okuyihaba leglucose yegazi, uphawu oluphambili lwesifo sikashukela. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ukugula kungatholakala noma ifa.
Izimpawu
Izimpawu eziningi zesifo sikashukela zibonakala ngokukhula kancane kancane kobunzima.
Ezimweni ezingavamile, kuba khona ukwanda okusheshayo kweglucose kufinyelele ezingeni elibucayi, elibangela ukuqala kwesifo sikashukela.
Uma ushiya izimpawu ngaphandle kokunaka okufanele, lesi sifo sizoqala ukuthuthuka, ngenxa yokuthi kungaba nezinkinga ezinkulu ezithinta cishe noma yisiphi isitho somzimba womuntu.
Yiziphi izimpawu zesifo iziguli ezikhononda esigabeni sokuqala:
- Umlomo owomile, ohambisana nokoma okunamandla okungenakuqedwa. Isiguli sifuna ukuphuza masinyane ngemuva kokugaywa kwaso.
- Ukuchama kaningi ngokukhula okuphawulwe kumchamo ohlukaniselwe.
- Khuphula noma wehlise (kancane kaningi) isisindo.
- Ukomiswa, ukuthamba kanye nokulunywa kwesikhumba.
- Ukubukeka esikhunjeni, kanye nezicubu ezithambile zamaphaphu.
- Ukujuluka ngokweqile, ubuthakathaka bemisipha, noma ungekho umsebenzi womzimba.
- Ukwelashwa kancane kwe-abrasions noma amanxeba.
Izimpawu ezifakwe kuhlu zesifo sikashukela kubantu abadala zibhekwa njenge-alamu yokuqala ekhombisa ukuqala kwesifo. Ukubonakaliswa kwezibonakaliso ezinjalo kufanele kube yisizathu sokuhlolwa kwegazi okwalandela okwenzelwe ushukela.
Isifo sikashukela uqobo asiyona ingozi empilweni yomuntu. Okungeke kuthiwe mayelana nezinkinga, ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ziphi izimo, zihambisana nokungazi kahle, ukungalingani kohlobo lwamalungu amaningi, kanye nokudakwa okungathi sína.
Izinkinga ezivame kakhulu yilezi:
- Ukuhlukumezeka kwe-Neurological kuhambisana nobuhlungu bekhanda.
- Izinkinga zombono.
- Ukwephulwa kwemisebenzi eyenziwa ngamaphethelo aphansi, ukuzindla nobuhlungu emilenzeni.
- Ukwanda kwesibindi, izinhlungu zenhliziyo.
- Ukwanda okuhle komfutho wegazi.
- Ukudumba kwesimo sendawo noma esivamile, ukuvuvukala kwemilenze nobuso.
- Ukwelashwa isikhathi eside kwamanxeba ngokufakwa kwezifo zokukhunta nezifo ezithathelwanayo.
- Ukwehla kwezwela kwesikhumba, ikakhulukazi ezinyaweni.
- Ukumunca i-acetone ephuma emlonyeni.
- Ukuqothuka kokuqwashisa, isiyezi, izimo zokufelwa nethokomala.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela i-mellitus noma ukubukeka kwezinkinga zithathwa njengophawu lokuqhubeka kwesifo, kanye nokulungiswa kwayo okungalungile noma okungafanele ngokusetshenziswa kwemithi.
Izimpawu ezinjalo zesifo sikashukela kufanele zidale ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe.
Izizathu
Izimbangela zesifo sikashukela kubantu abadala zihlala zihambisana nokukhubazeka kwama-pancreas ukwenza imisebenzi yazo ngokuphelele, ebhubhisa amaseli abhekene nokwakheka kwe-hormone ebizwa nge-insulin.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-hormone ibandakanyeka kuma-carbohydrate metabolism. Lapho amaseli we-pancreas ebhekana ngokuphelele nemisebenzi yawo, ushukela udonswa ngokuphelele ngumzimba womuntu. Ukudla ngokweqile ama-carbohydrate alula kuhambisana nokukhiqizwa okwandayo kwe-insulin.
Uma kungekho ushukela owanele, ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin nakho kuncishisiwe. Kuyavela ukuthi umzimba womuntu ophilile ugcina okuqukethwe ushukela okuku-plasma yegazi kuhlale kucishe kufinyelele ezingeni elifanayo.
Ukufihlwa okunganele kwe-insulin kuvusa ukwenzeka kwe-hyperglycemia, ngoba ushukela luqongelela, kepha aluphuli. Kuyi-glucose okuwumthombo wamandla ophambili, kepha ngeke ingene kumaseli ngaphandle kwe-insulin Ngakho-ke, amaseli ancike e-insulin ahlupheka kakhulu, naphezu koshukela omningi.
Izimbangela ezilandelayo zesifo zingahlukaniswa:
Ukusebenza ngokungemthetho emasosheni omzimba. Ukuphazamiseka okunjalo kubangela ukuba umzimba ukhiqize ama-antibodies alimaza amaseli abhekene nokwenziwa kwama-antibodies. Kulokhu, isifo sikashukela singakhula ngenxa yokufa kweselula.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifo singabangelwa ukugula kwe-autoimmune, kufaka phakathi i-lupus, i-autoimmune thyroiditis, glomerulonephritis, isifo se-adrenal cortex, nokunye.
Isakhi sofuzo. I-Heredity yisona sizathu esibucayi kakhulu. Isibonelo, uma ubaba noma umama womuntu enenkinga yesifo sikashukela, ingozi yokuthola lesi sifo inyuka ngamaphesenti angama-30, uma bobabili ubaba nomama bebegula, aze afike ku-70%.
Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile Imvamisa ukubukeka kwalesi sifo kubangelwa ukukhuluphala ngokweqile. Izicubu ze-adipose ngokweqile zinciphisa kakhulu ukubonakala kwamaseli ku-insulin, ebangela ukuwohloka kweglucose. Kamuva, yini ukuboniswa kwazo zonke izimpawu ezijwayelekile zesifo sikashukela.
Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi le nqubo ingaphenduka. Uma umuntu anciphisa isisindo, ukuguqula indlela yakhe yokudla, ukuzivocavoca njalo futhi isici sobungozi singacishe siqedwe ngokuphelele.
Ukudla okungalungile. Amaswidi asengozini enkulu yesifo sikashukela, noma kunjalo, abathandi bokunye ukudla okunezithako eziningi eziyingozi nabo basengozini. Ukudla okusheshayo kwesimanje kuvame ukudala isifo sepheshana esiswini, kubandakanya namanyikwe.
Ukuqala kwesifo sikashukela nakho kuvame ukubangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwamanani amakhulu okudla aphezulu kuma-carbohydrate alula, amunwa kalula ngumzimba womuntu. Le ndlela yokudla iholela ukukhuluphala, okungenzeka futhi ngenxa yokudla ngokweqile.
Ukuchayeka ekucindezelekeni njalo. Imvamisa yizimo ezicindezelayo ezidala izimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela. Lapho umuntu enengcindezi, kukhululwa i-adrenaline, glucocorticoids ne-norepinephrine emzimbeni wakhe. Lezi zingxenye zingadala ukungasebenzi kahle ekusebenzeni kokuhlanganiswa kwe-insulin.
Ukugula okuthinta uhlelo lwethambo nenhliziyo. Inkambo ende yezifo ezihambisana nenhliziyo noma imithambo yegazi nayo ikhulisa ubungozi besifo sikashukela. Izifo eziyingozi zibandakanya i-atherosclerosis, umfutho wegazi ophakeme nezinye izifo ezinciphisa ukuhanjiswa yi-insulin.
Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi. Isigaba esithile sezidakamizwa singakhulisa ukuthambekela komzimba ukuthuthukisa isifo sikashukela. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-diuretics, izidakamizwa zokwenziwa kwama-hormonal, izidakamizwa ezisehlisa umfutho wegazi, kanye nemiphumela ye-antitumor.
Ukugula okuthinta ama-pancreas. Izifo ezingalapheki zithinta kabi isimo samaseli akhiqiza i-insulin. Kubandakanya ukulimala, isimila kanye ne-pancreatitis.
Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Ukutheleleka okunjalo kungaba yisisusa sokukhula kwesifo sikashukela, ngoba amagciwane nawo athela amaseli e-pancreatic. Isigaba sobungozi sibandakanya izifo ezifana nomkhuhlane, isimungumungwane, isifo sokusha kwesibindi, i-rubella, iminyuzi nokunye. Ingozi yokuthola isifo sikashukela ngemuva kokutheleleka yande ngama-20%.
Iminyaka. Uma umuntu enesifo sofuzo, ubungozi bokugula bukhuphuka kanye nobudala, ngakho-ke kuhle ukwazi ukuthi iziphi izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ezingaba emadodeni emva kweminyaka engama-50 nabesifazane, ngokwesibonelo.
Ukukhulelwa Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus singakhula ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Kwabesifazane esesimweni esijabulisayo, ukuzwela kwe-insulin kwehormoni kuncishiswa kakhulu, okuchazwa ngezinga elikhulayo le-hormone lokukhulelwa. Ngakho-ke, i-hyperglycemia ingaqala. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokuzalwa, inkinga yesifo sikashukela iyaphela.
Abantu abasesigabeni sobungozi kufanele babheke ngayinye yezimbangela ezifakiwe zokugula. Ukuze uzivikele kulesi sifo, kufanele uqaphele okuqukethwe ushukela ku-plasma yegazi.
Uma kunezimpawu zesifo sikashukela, kufanele uthintane nodokotela wakho we-endocrinologist.
Izimbangela zalesi sifo emadodeni
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 ngokuvamile asikhuli kubantu abadala. Imvamisa kutholakala kakhulu ebusheni noma ebusheni. Isifo esinjalo sihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili, okungukuthi, isifo sikashukela se-autoimmune ne-idiopathic. Izinhlobo zokugcina aziqondakali kahle, ngakho-ke, izimbangela zokuvela kwako azaziwa.
Izimbangela ze-Autoimmune phakathi kwabesilisa abadala zivame kakhulu. Zonke zihambisana nokuphazamiseka kwesimiso sokuzivikela komzimba. Kulokhu, ama-antibodies athinta kabi i-pancreas, abhubhisa amaseli abhekene nokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin. Kulokhu, isifo sikashukela kubantu abadala singabangelwa ukuvezwa kobuthi, kanye nezifo ezithathelanayo.
Uhlobo 2 sikashukela luvame kakhulu kubantu besilisa abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-45 ubudala. Kodwa-ke, namuhla umkhawulo wobudala wehla njalo, okubangelwa ukukhuluphala ngokweqile nokukhuluphala. Ingozi yokugula yanda kakhulu ngamadoda ahlala ephuza ubhiya, izinhlobo ezahlukene zeziphuzo ezinoshukela ezinekhabhoni, adla izinsuku nokunye.
Okuthambekele kakhulu kwisifo sikashukela luhlobo lwesisu samadoda, esibonakala ngokuqokelelwa kwamaseli wamafutha esiswini nasezinhlangothini. Imvamisa, le nkinga iqale ukweqa abantu abadala, abavame ukudla ukudla okusheshayo.
Ngalesi sizathu, kudikibala kakhulu ukuthenga izinja ezishisayo, ama-chip nokunye ukudla okusheshayo kwezingane.
Izimbangela zalesi sifo kubantu besifazane
Yini ebangela isifo sikashukela esivamile kubantu besifazane? Ungakhuluma ngezisusa ezilandelayo:
- Ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nokudla. Ukudla ebusuku kulayisha ama-pancreas.
- Shintsha emazingeni e-hormonal. Ingxenye enhle yesintu ithambekele ekuphazanyisweni kwe-hormonal, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuqala kokuya esikhathini.
- Abesifazane bathambekele kakhulu ekubeni ngokweqile ngenxa yokuthi sebejwayele ukudla ngokungafanele ngenqwaba yama-carbohydrate. Abathandi bamazambane amnandi kungenzeka ukuthi babe nesifo sikashukela izikhathi eziyisikhombisa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abamele ubulili obuthakathaka babhekwa njengabanemizwa ngokwengeziwe, ngakho-ke bathambekele kakhulu ethonyeni lezimo ezicindezelayo. Ukuphatheka kabi kakhulu ngokomzwelo nangokwengqondo kunciphisa ukuthikamezeka kwamaseli ancike e-insulin emiphumeleni ye-hormone.
Imbangela enjalo yesifo sikashukela nayo ingahlotshaniswa nothando lwabesifazane lokuthatha lesi sifo ngoswidi, isibonelo, ushokoledi. Ukwelapha isifo sikashukela kumuntu omdala, kwanele ukuhambisana nezincomo zezokwelapha, ukudla, kanye nokuzivocavoca okulinganiselayo.
Izindlela eziklelisiwe zokwelapha, ngaphezu kokwelashwa ngezidakamizwa, zingaba nezindlela zokuvimbela lesi sifo. Uma umuntu esengcupheni, akufanele anganakwa, ngoba ezimweni ezingama-70% asiza ukugwema isifo sikashukela.
Kwividiyo ekulesi sihloko, udokotela uzoqhubeka nokuxoxa ngezimbangela zesifo sikashukela.
