I-Insulin: izinkomba namafomu, imiyalo yokusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha

Namuhla, imboni yezemithi ikhiqiza izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-insulin. Njengamanje, izinhlobo eziningana ze-insulin zisetshenziswa kwezokwelapha.

Iqembu lama-insulin livame ukunqunywa ngokuya ngobude besenzo sabo ngemuva kokuphathwa komzimba womuntu. Kwezokwelapha, izidakamizwa zesikhathi esilandelayo ziyahlukaniswa:

• i-ultrashort;
• mfushane
• ubude besikhathi sokusebenza;
• izidakamizwa ezisebenza isikhathi eside.

Ukusetshenziswa kolunye noma olunye uhlobo lwe-insulin kuncike ezimweni eziqondile zesiguli kanye nerejimeni yokwelapha isifo sikashukela nge-insulin.

Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-insulin zihlukile komunye nomunye ekubumbeni nakwindlela yokuqamba. Uhlobo ngalunye lokulungiswa kwe-insulin, imiyalo yokusebenzisa ithuthukiswa ngokuya ngezimpawu zokuqanjwa nendlela yokulungiselela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezidingo ezijwayelekile okufanele zilandelwe lapho wenza ukwelashwa kwe-insulin. Ukulungiswa ngakunye kwe-insulin kunezinkomba ezithile kanye ne-contraindication ukuze isetshenziswe.

Kuyini insulin?

I-insulin ingukulungiswa kwamaprotheni-peptide emvelaphi yama-hormone. I-insulin isetshenziswa njengethuluzi elithile ekwelapheni isifo sikashukela.

I-insulin yi-hormone ebamba iqhaza ngokwengeziwe emgudwini we-carbohydrate futhi isiza ukunciphisa ukugcwala kwe-glucose egazini le-plasma yesiguli. Ukwehlisa i-carbohydrate egazini kutholakala ngokwandisa ukusetshenziswa koshukela yizicubu ezixhomekeke ku-insulin ngaphansi kwethonya le-insulin. I-insulin ikhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kwe-glycogen ngamaseli wesibindi futhi ivimbele ukuguqulwa kwamafutha kanye nama-amino acid abe ama-carbohydrate.

Ngokuntuleka kwe-insulin emzimbeni womuntu, ukwanda kwamazinga kashukela wegazi kuyabonakala. Ukwanda kweglucose yegazi kuphakamisa ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela kanye nezinkinga ezihlobene. Ukushoda kwe-insulin emzimbeni kwenzeka ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwamanyikwe, okuvela ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kohlelo lwe-endocrine, ngemuva kokulimala noma ngomthwalo onamandla wengqondo emzimbeni ohambisana nokuvela kwezimo ezicindezelayo.

Ukulungiselela okuqukethe i-insulin kwenziwa ngezicubu ze-pancreas zezilwane.

Imvamisa, ukwenziwa kwezidakamizwa kusetshenziswa izicubu zamanyikwe ezinkomeni nasezingulubeni.

Izinkomba zokusetshenziswa kwamalungiselelo we-insulin

Izinkomba zokusetshenziswa kwe-insulin wukuba khona komzimba womuntu we-mellitus yesifo sikashukela eqhubekayo ngendlela yokuxhomekeka kwe-insulin.

Inani elincane, i-insulin ingasetshenziswa ekwelapheni izifo ezithile zesibindi.

Uma kunesidingo, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezine-insulin ekwelapheni izifo ze-neuropsychiatric nezifo zengqondo.

Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa kwamalungiselelo ama-hormone ekwelapheni isifo sikashukela, izinkomba ze-insulin zokusebenzisa zingaba nokulandelayo:

1. ukuvimbela kanye nokwelashwa kwe-acidosis;
2. ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kokukhathala;
3. ukwelashwa kwe-thyrotoxicosis;
4. ukwelashwa kwe-furunculosis;
5. umuthi usetshenziswa ku-dermatology ekwelapheni i-dermopathy yesifo sikashukela, i-eczema, i-urticaria, njll.
6. isetshenziswa phambi kwezilonda zemvubelo yesikhumba.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-insulin ekwelapheni ukuluthwa utshwala nezindlela ezithile ze-schizophrenia kukhombisile umphumela omuhle. Ekwelapheni ezinye izinhlobo ze-schizophrenia, i-insulinocomatosis therapy iyasetshenziswa. Lapho usebenzisa lokhu kwelashwa, kungeniswa umthamo we-insulin emzimbeni wesiguli ongavusa ukwethuka kwe-hypoglycemic.

Kwezinye izimo, amalungiselelo aqukethe i-insulin angangeniswa emzimbeni lapho eyeka inqubo yokudangala kohlelo lwezinzwa nokubuyisela ukusebenza kwawo kahle.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kudinga ukubambelela ngokuqinile ezinkomba zokusetshenziswa kwe-insulin, lokhu kugwema izingqinamba lapho umuthi ungeniswa emzimbeni.

Contraindication nemiyalo ekhethekile

Contraindication nokusetshenziswa kwe-insulin yizinkinga ezifana:

• i-pancreatitis
• i-jade;
• i-hepatitis;
• ukuba khona kwamatshe ezinso nokwanda kwezifo zamatshe ezinso;
• ukuba khona kwesifo senhliziyo esibolile;
• ukuba khona kwe-peptic ulcer yesisu kanye ne-duodenum.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zizathu, i-insulin ye-contraindication ingaba nokulandelayo:

1. ukuba khona kwesiguli esinohlobo lwesifo sikashukela esincike ku-hypersensitivity ku-insulin yokwenziwa;
2. ukuba khona kwe-hypoglycemia emzimbeni wesiguli noma kokuphambili kokuvela kwayo;

Ukwephula umthetho okuhlobene nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa eziqukethe i-insulin ukubakhona komzimba wesiguli kwifomu elinamandla lokungezwani ngokushesha nezidakamizwa eziqukethe i-insulin.

Izidakamizwa eziningi kakhulu eziqukethe i-insulin ye-hormone azinconywa ekwelapheni i-insulin ye-insulin encike ku-insulin ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuqunjelwa. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kufanele usebenzise izidakamizwa ezenziwa ngesisekelo se-hormone i-insulin, evela kwimvelaphi yezilwane.

Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuncelisa, izidakamizwa ezenziwe ngesisekelo se-insulin yomuntu kufanele zisetshenziswe.

Imiphumela emibi nezimo ezikhethekile zokusebenzisa

Imiphumela emibi eyinhloko ye-insulin emzimbeni ibonakaliswa uma kwenzeka ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokujova. Uma kwenzeka kwe-overdose, kukhuphuka amazinga e-insulin e-plasma.

Ukwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-insulin emzimbeni wesiguli ngokudla okungakenzeki kungavusa ukukhula kohlobo lwe-hypoglycemia olususelwa emzimbeni emzimbeni wesiguli esinesifo sikashukela, okungaholela ekushayweni kwe-hypoglycemic.

Ukwanda kwesilinganiso se-insulin emzimbeni kuholela ekujuleni kokujuluka, isiyezi, imisebenzi eyimfihlo yezindlala ze-salivary nokuvela kokuphefumula komoya. Ngokwe-overdose enamandla ye-insulin futhi ngaphandle kokudla okufika ngesikhathi kwezidakamizwa noma ukudla okune-carbohydrate, kungaphela ukulahleka kanye nokukhalaza. Ukuwohloka okuqhubekayo kuholela ekhefeni le-hypoglycemic.

Ukuqeda i-overdose yezidakamizwa eziqukethe i-insulin, kuyadingeka ukuthatha amagremu ayikhulu esinkwa esimhlophe, itiye elimnandi noma izipuni ezimbalwa ushukela ezimpawu zokuqala zomthamo.

Lapho kunezimpawu zokushaqeka, i-glucose kufanele inikezwe isiguli ngaphakathi. Uma kunesidingo, ungangeza ngaphezu kwalokho ukwethulwa kwe-adrenaline ngobuqili.

Kudingeka ukuqapha kakhulu lapho kusetshenziswa ukusetshenziswa kwe-insulin yokwenziwa kweziguli ezinesifo sikashukela, lapho kukhona ukungapheleleki kwe-coronary kanye nokutholwa kokuphazamiseka kokujikeleza kwenhliziyo. Endabeni yokusebenzisa i-insulin ende, kuhlolwa umchamo wegazi nomguli wakhe ngokuqukethwe koshukela okukhona. Ucwaningo olunjalo lokucacisa isikhathi esifanele sokuthatha umuthi ukufeza umphumela omuhle kakhulu.

Ukwethulwa komuthi, ama-insulin akhethekile we-insulin noma isirinji ekhethekile yepeni ngokuvamile asetshenziswa.

Ukusetshenziswa kwama-syringes noma ama-syringes wepeni kuya ngohlobo lwe-insulin esetshenziswe ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-insulin.

Indlela yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa

Imvamisa, ukuphathwa kwezidakamizwa eziqukethe i-insulin kwenziwa nge-intramuscularly noma ngokweziqalo. Ngokukhula komthambo, i-insulin ikhishwa ngomjovo we-intravenous.

Umthamo odingekayo we-insulin ekwelapheni isifo sikashukela ngokwelashwa kwe-insulin unqunywa ngamunye.

Umthamo omaphakathi we-insulin odingekayo ekwelapheni i-insulin yesifo sikashukela i-mellitus ungasukela kumayunithi ayi-10 kuye kwangama-40.

Uma kwenzeka ukukhululeka kwesifo sikashukela, kufinyelela kumayunithi angama-100 umuthi ongabanjiswa ngaphansi kwesikhumba ukubuyisa ukoma ngosuku. Futhi lapho usebenzisa indlela ye-intravenous yokuphatha, hhayi ngaphezu kwama-50 amayunithi. Kwezinye izimo, umthamo womuthi uvela kumayunithi ayisithupha kuya kwayi-10.

Emijovo, kusetshenziswa isirinji ekhethekile, eyenza sikwazi ukujova ivolumu yonke yomuthi ngaphandle kokusala, okugwema amaphutha umthamo.

Umthamo wansuku zonke we-insulin ufakwa emzimbeni ngokuhambisana nezincomo futhi kuya ngohlobo lomuthi osetshenzisiwe. Ukufakwa kwenziwa ngokuhambisana nohlelo olwakhiwe yi-endocrinologist.

Umphumela womuthi uqala ngemuva kokuphatha, kuya ngohlobo lwayo:

• i-ultrashort iqala ukusebenza ngemizuzu engu-15;
• umuthi wokuqhubeka isikhathi eside uqala ukusebenza ngemuva kwamahora we-1-2

Kusetshenziswa ibhodlela lengilazi ukugcina i-insulin. Gcina umuthi endaweni epholile evikelwe ukukhanya kwelanga.

Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko ikutshela ukuthi i-insulin idingeka nini.