Amathebula we-Cholesterol Abesifazane Nabesilisa

Inqwaba yezifundo ifakazele ukuthi imvelo ye-cholesterol yegazi yinto ebalulekile ekuvinjelweni kokuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo. Indlela esiphila ngayo kanye nokudla esikondlayo okuphakathi kuyithinta ngqo impilo yethu ekugugeni. Abantu abaneminyaka engama-55 ubudala, abaphila ne-cholesterol ephezulu iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi, baba nengozi ephindwe kane yokuhluleka kwenhliziyo ukwedlula ontanga yabo, abagcina i-cholesterol yabo ivamile ngaso sonke isikhathi. I-cholesterol iyingxenye ebalulekile yegazi lethu. Izinga layo lincike ezicini eziningi: ubudala, ubulili ngisho nemikhuba. Cabanga ukuthi yiziphi izinkomba ezibhekwa njengejwayelekile, nokuthi ungazifinyelela kanjani.

Izinhlobo ze-Cholesterol

I-cholesterol iyingxenye ebalulekile yezindonga zeseli, ikhona emzimbeni wazo zonke izilwane. Le khompiyutha iyadingeka ekwakheni ama-membranes amaseli, ukwakheka kwama-bile acid ne-Vitamin D. Ibuye ibambe iqhaza ekwenziweni kwama-hormone amaningi: i-estrogen, i-cortisol, i-testosterone nabanye. Iningi le-cholesterol (75-80%) lenziwa emzimbeni wethu. Ngokudla kuza akukho ngaphezu kwe-20%.

I-cholesterol ingukudla okunamafutha okugcwele egazini lomuntu. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthutha kwayo ngokuhamba ngemikhumbi kuwo wonke amaseli omzimba, imvelo inikeze amaprotheni akhethekile othwala abumba izakhi eziyinkimbinkimbi ne-cholesterol - lipoproteins.

Isifo sikashukela nokucindezela kuzoba yinto yesikhathi esedlule

• Ukwehlela ushukela -95%
• Ukuqedwa kwe-vein thrombosis - 70%
• Ukuqedwa kokushaya kwenhliziyo okuqinile -90%
• Ukuqeda umfutho wegazi ophakeme - 92%
• Ukwanda kwamandla ngesikhathi sosuku, ngcono ukulala ebusuku -97%

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-lipoprotein:

1. Ubuncane obuphansi (i-LDL ngamafuphi, i-LDL ingakhonjiswa ekuhlaziyeni). Le yi-cholesterol, ethinta kabi isimo semithambo yegazi, ngokwesimo ibizwa ngokuthi "kubi." Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo, i-LDL ibhujiswa kalula, i-cholesterol iyagcwala emithanjeni yemithambo yegazi futhi yakha izingqwembe kuzo. Ukuphakama kweleveli ye-LDL kudlula okujwayelekile, lapho izinguquko ze-atherosulinotic zisebenza khona.
2. Ukuxineka okuphezulu (okufushanisiwe njenge-HDL, ku-HDL assows). Le "cholesterol" enhle. Akagcini ekwakheni ama-atherosulinotic plaque, kodwa futhi uyalwa nawo: Hlanza i-cholesterol embi ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi, ngemuva kwalokho osuswe egazini ngosizo lwesibindi. Uma i-HDL ijwayelekile, imikhumbi izoba yimiqemane.

I-cholesterol ephelele egazini ayinikezi imininingwane eyanele ukwahlulela izinkinga zempilo. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukulingana phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili. Ukwephulwa kwalesi sibalo kubizwa ngokuthi i-dyslipidemia. Azikho ngempela izimpawu ze-dyslipidemia, zingatholakala kuphela elabhorethri. Kulokhu, kuhlolwa igazi le-biochemical "Lipids", "Lipidogram" noma "Lipid profile".

Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukuphambuka kusuka kokujwayelekile kungasolwa uma umuntu ene-xanthomas - amaqhuqwana amancane aphuzi. Imvamisa zitholakala ngaphansi kwesikhumba ezandleni, ezinyaweni, ezinkalweni, eduze kwamehlo. Ekuphazamisekeni okukhulu, i-cholesterol ifakwa emaphethelweni we-cornea yeso, yakha umhlanga ogqamile.

Amanani asunguliwe

Ukuthola ukuthi iyiphi i-cholesterol ejwayelekile ephephile empilweni, bekufanele senze izivivinyo zegazi ezinkulungwaneni zeziguli. Ubudlelwano batholakala phakathi kwalezi zinkomba ezineminyaka yobudala, ubulili, amazinga e-hormonal, ubuhlanga, kanye nesizini:

1. Okujwayelekile kubantu abadala kuphakeme kakhulu kunaseshumeni nasezinganeni.
2. Ekukhuleni, amazinga e-cholesterol ayanda, kuyilapho ukwanda kwengozi yama-vascular pathologies kuyanda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-cholesterol emadodeni ebudaleni ivama ukuba phansi, futhi kwabesifazane iyakhula kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo.
3. Amanani ajwayelekile kwabesifazane abasebasha aphakeme kunabesilisa. Kodwa-ke, banengozi ephansi ye-atherossteosis, ehambisana nezimpawu zesizinda sehomoni yabesifazane.
4. Uma i-hormone synthesis ikhubazekile, ngokwesibonelo, nge-hypothyroidism, inqubo ye-cholesterol izodlulwa.
5. Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe futhi esigabeni sesibili somjikelezo wokuya esikhathini, i-cholesterol iphakeme kancane kunokujwayelekile.
6. Ngokuqala kokuya esikhathini, i-cholesterol kwabesifazane ikhuphuka kakhulu.
7. Ebusika, amanani kubo bobabili ubulili akhuphuka cishe ngamaphesenti amathathu.
8. AbaseYurophu banezinga eliphakeme kakhulu le-cholesterol kunase-Asia.

Akunakwenzeka ukulandela ubudlelwano obunjalo obuyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho-ke kungokwesiko ezindaweni zokucwaninga ukuqhathanisa umphumela namatafula alula anaka kuphela ubudala noma ubudala nobulili. 2 amayunithi wokulinganisa angasetshenziswa: mmol / l; mg / dl. 1 mg / dl = 38.5 mmol / L.

Isibonelo sethebula elinje ngeminyaka:

Amanani ajwayelekile ajwayelekile kubantu abadala awaphakeme kune-7 mmol / L (270 mg / dl) kuwo wonke ama-cholesterol, i-5 mmol / L (≈200 mg / dl) ye "kubi".

Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi ithebula libonisa umkhawulo ophansi wesikhathi ngeminyaka. Ukuntuleka kwe-cholesterol egazini kuvame kakhulu kunokungaphezulu, kepha akunangozi kangako. Ukushoda kwama-lipoproteins kuyingozi ohlelweni lwezinzwa, kungathinta izinsalela zasemuva kwe-hormonal kanye nezinqubo zokwenziwa kabusha kwamaseli. Izimbangela zalokhu kwephulwa yizifo ezingamahlalakhona ezinzima, ukulimala okungathi sína, i-anemia, umuthi (amanye ama-hormone, ama-immunomodulators, ama-antidepressants).

Imvamisa emadodeni

I-Angina pectoris, ukushaya kwenhliziyo nezinye izifo zenhliziyo kuthathwa njengezesilisa. Eya ocansini olunamandla, ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-cholesterol ephezulu ne-atherossteosis bubonakala kangcono kunabesifazane. Izinkomba ezijwayelekile emadodeni ziphansi ebusheni, ngemuva kweminyaka engama-30 banda kakhulu.

Imininingwane enamanani we-lipoprotein owamukelekayo aqoqwe etafuleni:

Imvelo yabesifazane

Isimo se-cholesterol egazini labesifazane, imininingwane ngeminyaka inikezwe:

Kwavela ukuthi kunzima kakhulu ukubala ukuthi mangaki ama-lipoprotein ajwayelekile kwabesifazane, ngoba ukugxuma ngemuva kwesizinda se-hormonal kuthinta kakhulu amazinga e-cholesterol. Kanye nokuqala kokuya esikhathini, iphrofayili ye-lipid ikhula kakhulu. Uma ukunqamuka kokuya esikhathini kubangelwa ukuhlinzwa, izinguquko ziba zinkulu ngokwengeziwe.

Kwabesifazane bobudala bokuzala, ubuhlobo obuphakathi kwe-cholesterol ephezulu yegazi nokuphazamiseka kwentliziyo kuchazwa kangcono kunabesifazane asebekhulile, ngakho-ke, izinkambiso zetafula zinamandla kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushoda kwe-HDL kwabesifazane abasebancane kubhekwa njengokulimaza kakhulu kunokudlula kwe-LDL.

Imvelo yezingane

Ama-lipid wegazi avame ukudlulwa emalungwini omndeni ofanayo. Indima ebalulekile kulokhu idlalwa yizimo zokuphila ezisondelene nemikhuba, umsoco ofanayo. Noma kunjalo, kunesici sefa. Izakhi zofuzo ziyaziwa ukuthi isisulu esidonsela phansi ku-dyslipidemia sidluliselwa sisuka kumzali siye enganeni.

Ingxenye yezingane ezithole izinhlobo ezingonakele komunye wabazali zithola i-cholesterol eyeqile ngesikhathi sesikhulile. Kungenzeka babe nesifo senhliziyo ngeminyaka engama-65.

Inketho enzima kakhulu ukuthola isihliswandaba esivela ngasikhathi sinye kubazali bobabini. Kulokhu, ukuphambuka okukhulu kwezinga le-cholesterol kusuka kokujwayelekile kutholakele kakade ebuntwaneni, infarction ye-myocardial ingenzeka esemncane.

Uma okungenani omunye wabazali enokwenyuka okuthe xaxa kwama-lipids egazi, kunconywa ukuthi zonke izingane zenze izivivinyo.

Yini okufanele ibe yinto evamile ye-cholesterol ezinganeni:

Iqembu lengozi

Isimo esidlulele se-cholesterol "embi" egazini lomuntu singumphumela wezinto eziningana:

1. Iminyaka engu-45 yabesilisa, engama-55 yabesifazane.
2. Ingcindezi eyandayo (ephezulu ≥ 140) noma ingcindezi ejwayelekile ngokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwezidakamizwa ze-antihypertensive.
3. Yehla ngokwesilinganiso se-cholesterol "enhle" ukuya ku-1 mmol / l nangaphansi. Lapha ubudlelwano obunqobayo bukhona: uma i-HDL ingaphezulu kwe-1.6, umuntu uvame ukuba ne-cholesterol ejwayelekile ye-LDL.
4. Ukubhema, ukudakwa.
5. I-Heredity: kuqinisekiswe amazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol kubazali, ukutholakala kwesifo senhliziyo ngaphakathi kubo abaneminyaka engaphansi kwengama-60.
6. Ukuba khona kwezifo: hypothyroidism, isifo sikashukela mellitus, isifo senyongo.
7. Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwezidakamizwa ezikhulisa i-cholesterol yegazi: Ama-inhibitors we-MAO, ama-diuretics, ama-interferon, njll.
8. Amanani aphakanyiswa njalo wezilwane ezilwaneni ekudleni.
9. Umsebenzi wokuhlwaya, umsebenzi ophansi, iziguli ezingalali embhedeni.
10. Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
11. Ukucindezelwa kaningi, ukusabela ngokweqile kwemizwelo ngisho nakwizithukuthezi ezincane.

Izindlela ze-Cholesterol Normalization

Iziguli ngokuchezuka kwama-lipoprotein esimweni esinqunyelwe ukuhlolwa ngokujulile. Qiniseka ukuthi unikela ngegazi ezingxenyeni ngazinye ze-cholesterol ukuze ukhombe ukuthi iziphi izinhlobo ezithinte ukwanda kwe-cholesterol ephelele. Esigabeni sesibili, izifo ezingathinta i-cholesterol yegazi azibandakanywa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, yenza i-KLA, ukuhlaziywa kwe-biochemical: igazi likashukela, amaprotheni ephelele, i-uric acid, i-creatinine, i-TSH. Uma kutholakala izifo ezikhona, ziyelashwa.

I-cholesterol ingatholakala ngezindlela ezimbili.: Izindlela zokuphila zishintsha kanye nemithi kadokotela esehlisa i-LDL, imvamisa yama-statins. Izimo kude nezidakamizwa ezingenangozi. Banokuphikisana okuningi, imiphumela emibi engathandeki. Ngakho-ke, okokuqala, kuqala ngokuphathwa okungeyona yezidakamizwa kwe-dyslipidemia, futhi kuphela ngokusebenza okunganele kwalezi zindlela, ama-statin anqunyelwe ngokungeziwe.

Izindlela zokufeza amazinga ajwayelekile we-LDL egazini:

1. Ukuqedwa ngokuphelele kokubhema okusebenzayo kanye nokugwema okuphezulu kokuhogela (ukufakwa kwentuthu). Ukwenqaba utshwala.
2. Ukulungiswa kwemithi kwengcindezi ephezulu.
3. Ukwehla kwesisindo kube okwejwayelekile ngokukhawulelwa kokutholwa kwekhalori.
4. Imithwalo, njalo emoyeni ohlanzekile noma endaweni enomoya omncane. Uhlobo nemodi yokuqeqeshwa inqunywa ngudokotela, kucatshangelwa izifo ezikhona.
5. Ukudla okwehlisa i-Lipid.

Imigomo yokudla: