Isifo sikashukela yisifo esibi kakhulu semishini ye-insulin yamanyikwe. I-Pathology yaziveza ngezindlela eziningi, ezahluka ngomunye ngendlela yokuthuthuka kanye nezimbangela zesehlakalo, kodwa ziyafana nesibonakaliso esiyinhloko - i-hyperglycemia (isimo esibonakaliswa izinga eliphakeme le-glucose egazini).
Nsuku zonke, iziguli zisebenzisa inqwaba yamadivayisi namadivayisi angaqinisekisa izinga eliphakeme lokuphila futhi athole isinxephezelo ngesimo se-pathological. Imiphi imikhiqizo yabanesifo sikashukela okufanele ithengwe esigulini ngasinye esihlangane nesifo "esimnandi", kanye nezimpawu zokusebenzisa nokuzikhethela kwazo okuxoxwa ngazo endatshaneni.
Kancane ngalesi sifo
Uhlobo 1 sikashukela i-mellitus senzeka ngenxa yenani elanele le-insulin egazini ngenxa yokwephulwa komkhiqizo wayo ngamaseli we-pancreatic beta. Lesi sifo sinemvelo eyindlalifa, kuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yezinqubo ze-autoimmune, okuwukuthi, ukungasebenzi komzimba waso kubhubhisa amaseli akhiqiza i-insulin esebenza nge-hormone esebenzayo. Iziguli ezinjalo zidinga ukuphathwa kwehomoni yansuku zonke, ngosizo lapho isinxephezelo sokungakwaneleki sitholakala, izinga le-glycemia ligcinwa ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo ejwayelekile.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sibizwa ngokuthi ukuxhomekeka kwe-insulin. Kwenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda sesisindo se-pathological, ukuba khona kwe-polycystic ovary, ifilosofi eyindlalifa yomzimba, indlela yokuphila engafanele nokudla. Kubonakala ngokuthi i-hormone ikhiqizwa ngamanani anele, kepha amaseli omzimba alahlekelwa umuzwa wawo kuwo, ngaleyo ndlela aphazamise isenzo sento leyo.
Nsuku zonke, iziguli zisebenzisa uhla lwamadivayisi ukulawula ama-glycemia kanye namazinga abo e-hormone. Sikhuluma ngamadivayisi alandelayo angathengwa esitolo esikhethekile, asetshenziswa ekhaya, esibhedlela, emsebenzini, ohambweni lwebhizinisi:
- ama-glucometer;
- imichilo yokuhlola;
- ama-lancets;
- i-insulin sindiso;
- amapeni wesirinji;
- amaphampu we-insulin.
Imininingwane engaphezulu mayelana nommeleli ngamunye wemishini yesifo sikashukela.
Amamitha kashukela egazi
Ama-Glucometer angenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu empilweni yomuntu onesifo sikashukela. Le divayisi ikuvumela ukuthi ulahle ulayini omude wamasonto onke emitholampilo yokulinganisa amazinga kashukela. Kwanele ukuthi isiguli sithenga imishini ephathekayo engasetshenziswa cishe kunoma iyiphi imvelo (ekhaya, emsebenzini, ohambweni).
Izindleko ezijwayelekile zama-glucometer ngama-ruble ayi-1300-3000
Wonke ama-glucometer alethwa kumashalofu wesitolo ahlukaniswe izigaba eziningana:
- ezigulini esezikhulile;
- kwabanesifo sikashukela seminyaka emincane naphakathi;
- ama-glucometer kubantu abanokusola kwesifo sikashukela, kepha ukuxilongwa akukasungulwa;
- ama-glucometer ezilwane.
Amadivayisi asebekhulile
Zibhekwa njengezithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabathengi ngoba zilula futhi zithembekile. Amadivaysi anjalo anesikrini esikhulu, inombolo encane yezindlela ezihlukile, futhi akukho ukufaka amakhodi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banentengo evumelana kahle hhayi ngedivayisi uqobo, kepha futhi nezinto ezidlekayo (imivimbo yokuhlola kanye nama-lancets).
Abamele iqembu:
I-insulin sindiso- Ukujikeleza kwezimoto;
- I-Van Thinta Khetha okulula;
- I-Thinta eyodwa ye-Verio IQ;
- Okukhethwa kukho okukodwa.
Kumuntu osekhulile, kubalulekile ukukhetha i-glucometer enemichilo emikhulu yokuhlola, ngoba kuzoba nzima ukwenza ezinye izindlela. Isikhathi sokulinganisa semishini enjalo cishe siyimizuzwana eyi-10, sisuka kwimiphumela yokulinganisa engama-250 kuye kwangama-750 igcinwe kwimemori, ukulinganisa kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-plasma yegazi.
Amadivayisi wentsha
Okuvame kakhulu yiVan Tach Ultra Easy, i-One Touch verio IQ, i-Accu-hlola Mobile ne-Accu-cheki Perform. Amamitha anjalo anentambo ye-usb, amandla wokonga inani elikhulu ledatha, anebhethri eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, idizayini yanamuhla. Njengomthetho, abamele iqembu lamadivaysi esitolo lisuka ku-500 liye ku-2000 liphumela ememori; ukulinganisa kwenzeka ku-plasma yegazi.
Amanye amamitha kashukela egazi anekhodi; kwamanye, akukho-coding. Kuzoba lula kwabanesifo sikashukela ukuthola imichilo yokuhlola yamadivaysi, ngoba athengiswa cishe kuwo wonke amakhambi emithi.
Ama-Glucometer ezigulini ezinoshukela osolwayo
Abantu abanjalo badinga ukukala i-glycemia, kepha hhayi kaningi njengalapho kutholwe isifo esiqinisekisiwe. Okuncanyelwayo kuzoba ukusetshenziswa kwe:
- ushukela imitha Van Thinta Khetha okulula;
- Ukujikeleza kwezimoto.
Izincomo
Ngokungeziwe ekuvumelaneni nemisebenzi echazwe ngenhla, ama-glucometer kufanele ahlolwe kusuka ohlangothini lokucushwa. Imishini eminingi ithengiswa ngenani elincane lezinto ekhishini. Imvamisa kungamalambu ayi-10 nenani elifanayo lemichilo yokuhlola. Ochwepheshe batusa ukusebenzisa iyunithi ngayinye yokuqukethwe kanye kuphela, okungukuthi, ikhithi lizodliwa ngokulinganisa okungu-10 kashukela wegazi.
Kungcono ukukhetha ongasebenziseka ohambelana ne-glucometer ethile, yize kunezinhlobo zomhlaba wonke
Ngokungeziwe kufanele uthenge amayunithi wezinto ezingama-50-100. Ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, kunconywa ukukhetha inombolo enkulu yama-lancets nemichilo, ngoba kunconywa ukukala i-glycemia kaningana ngosuku. Uhlobo 2 lwesimo se-pathological lubandakanya ukuthatha izilinganiso kaningana ngeviki, ngakho-ke ungakhetha amakhithi amancane.
Imichilo yokuhlola
Umucu wokuhlola yithuluzi elifakwe kwimitha ukuthola amazinga kashukela. Umucu ngamunye unendawo encane enezisombululo zamakhemikhali ezisetshenziswayo eziphendula ngama-molecule eglucose ekwehleni kwegazi lesifundo. Ukuze uqale ukusebenzisa imichilo yokuhlola, kufanele ifakwe kumitha.
Emapheshana okuhlola kunamamaki endaweni okufanele kufakwe kuyo ithonsi legazi. Ngemuva kwemizuzwana eyi-10-30, umphumela wokufunda uboniswa esibukweni sedivayisi. Lapho ukhetha imichilo yokuhlola, udinga ukucacisa ukuthi lingakanani igazi elidingekayo ukuze ufunde i-glycemia. Kungcono ukukhetha lezo ezidinga kuphela u-0.3-0.5 μl. Abenzi bancoma ukusebenzisa imichilo yokuhlola yohlobo olufanayo ne-glucometer. Kuthengiswe ngamaphakethe ezincezu ezingama-5-100. Lapho likhulu inani lemichilo ephaketheni, kulapho lizuzisa kakhulu ukuthenga.
Imicu yokuhlola esetshenziswa kakhulu:
- I-Accu-hlola Rocher;
- Iskhathi seVan Touch Life;
- I-Satellite Elta;
- IClover Check Tai Doc;
- UDeacon OK Biotech;
- Ay Chek Ngokwemiqondo.
Amabhubesi
Ama-lancets abizwa ngokuthi izinaliti ezikhethekile eziyingxenye yama-glucometer. Zenzelwe ukubhoboza umunwe noma ezinye izindawo ukuze zithole ithonsi legazi ukuze licwaninge. I-lancet iyingxenye esetshenziswayo yemitha, udinga ukuyithenga ngenani elifanayo nemichilo yokuhlola.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-lancets. Universal - lezo zilungele noma iyiphi insiza ephathekayo ekala izinga le-glycemia. Azinakho ukumaka okuthile, kulula ukuzisebenzisa.
Umshini kuphela ongahambisani nokubukeka kwendawo yonke yama-lancets yiSoftix Roche
Imishini ezenzakalelayo ingama-lancets angadingi ukukhohliswa okuvela kumuntu. Iphakethe labo lifaka inaliti emincane, okuthi ngemuva kokubhoboza icishe ingashiyi mkhondo esikhunjeni. Imishini ezenzakalelayo ilungele abantu asebekhulile, ngoba okuwukuphela kwento okudingeka yenziwe ukufaka i-lancet emunweni bese ucindezela ikhanda layo.
Ochwepheshe bathi i-lancet kufanele ishintshwe ngemuva kokusetshenziswa ngakunye, okungukuthi, iyatholakala, yize iziguli eziningi zisebenzisa izinaliti, ikakhulukazi ezizenzakalelayo, zize zibe yilutho.
Izesekeli zama-glucometer
Enye yezinketho zezesekeli isembozo. Imvamisa, amamitha kashukela egazi asivele athengiswa ngesikhwama lapho ungabeka khona ama-lancets, imichilo yokuhlola, kanye nedivayisi uqobo. Kepha abakhiqizi bemishini yezokwelapha banikezela ngokwahlukile ukuthenga amacala angenawo amanzi, ngoba isimo sezulu esibi singadala ukuphepha kwemitha nezinto zayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izembozo ezinjalo zinezindawo zokufakelwa ezishisayo, ezivikela idivaysi ekushiseni ngokweqile emisebeni ye-ultraviolet. Amandla okulimala kwemishini nokwamakhemikhali, ukusatshalaliswa ngama-bacterium angamagciwane kuncishisiwe. Izesekeli ezinjalo zihlala unyaka nesigamu, futhi uma zisetshenziswe kahle, inkomba ingaphinda kabili.
I-insulin sindiso
Okwamanje, akekho onesifo sikashukela ongazi ukuthi isirinji le-insulin liyini. Le divayisi icishe yasusa ngokuphelele amasirinji ajwayelekile empilweni yansuku zonke yeziguli ezinesifo "esimnandi", ababeyisebenzisa ukwenza imijovo yehomoni esikhathini esedlule.
Isirinji ye-insulin inenalithi encane, esiza ukunciphisa izinga lobuhlungu nokungaphatheki kahle ngesikhathi sokugwazwa kwesikhumba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziguli zingazifaka ngokwazo. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa idivaysi, onesifo sikashukela kufanele akhethe isirinji ezoba nomthamo ophelele nobude binaliti. Kungcono kumuntu omdala ukuthi athathe inaliti engu-1,2 cm ubude, kumntwana leli nani lehlile laya ku-0,4-0,5 cm.
Uma umuntu onesifo sikashukela enesisindo se-pathological, kufanele ukhethe izinaliti ezinde, ngoba ubukhulu bamafutha akhe angaphansi likhulu kaningi. Ukwethulwa kwehomoni, kuyadingeka ukuthi ukhethe isifunda sodonga lwesibeletho lwangaphandle, izindwani, amahlombe okhalweni. Ngokwemvelo, amadivayisi ayasebenza.
Ama-insulin ama-insulin angaba nezinaliti ezikhiphekayo noma ezibunjiweyo
Imithetho yokusebenzisa isirinji le-insulin:
- Kuyadingeka ukucacisa ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwezinto ezingama-hormone umguli azidingayo ukuphatha.
- I-syringe piston idonswa emuva ngenombolo edingekayo yokuhlukanisa ukuze uthole umoya.
- Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo moya wethulwa ebhodleleni elinomuthi we-hormonal, okucasulayo ukugeleza koketshezi olungene kwisirinji.
- Lungiselela isikhumba umjovo. Kungcono ukugeza ngensipho bese womile kahle. Uma utshwala busetshenziselwa ukubulala amagciwane, udinga ukulinda luze lome ngokuphelele, ngoba uma lungena ngaphansi kwesikhumba, lunganciphisa ukusebenza kwe-insulin.
- Ngomjovo, kwakhiwa isibaya ngesandla sobunxele, sithatha amanoni angaphansi. Inaliti ifakwa engela ka-45-70 °. Uma isiguli sigcwele, angajova inaliti ye-insulin engela efanele. Ukukhohlisa okunjalo akuvunyelwe kubantu abane-physique emincane nezingane ezigulayo.
- Ngemuva kokuthi isixazululo sonke silelwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba, kufanele ulinde imizuzwana engama-20 ngaphandle kokukhipha inaliti ukuze into iphume nayo.
Isirinji
Isirinji yomjovo kuthiwa ama-injekeli wokujova izidakamizwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Okuvame ukusetshenziselwa umjovo we-insulin-esebenzayo ye-insulin. Ipeni lesirinji linemishini elandelayo:
- isidleke sebhodlela elinomuthi;
- indlela yokudla yokuthosa;
- inaliti engasuswa futhi ifakwe esikhundleni;
- indlela yokulawulwa kwezidakamizwa.
Isebenza kanjena. Isiguli kufanele sisethe indlela yokulethwa, okubonisa umthamo othile. Ngokulandelayo, ikepusi lisuswa ngenaliti, elihlaba isikhumba endaweni yomjovo womuthi. Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukushaya inkinobho yomjovo we-hormone.
Ukusetshenziswa kwepeni-isirinji kuyindlela elula efanelekile, ebonakala ngokudabuka komoya ophansi kanye nokungajabuli, ukusetshenziswa kalula kuqhathaniswa ne-insulin syringes. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona amadivaysi okwazi ukuphatha izidakamizwa emsipha. Zisetshenziselwa ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo.
UNovo Pen 3 Demi
Ikhiqizwe eDenmark, isetshenziselwa ukuphathwa kwe-insulin Protofan, Novorapid, Actrapid 100 UNITS. I-cartridge ingalingana no-3 ml wesidakamizwa. Ipeni lesirinji linomshini wokugcwalisa umzimba, ngesikhathi lingangena kumayunithi angama-35 womuthi.
IHuma Pen Ergo
Kwenziwa e-United States of America. Qhathanisa noHumulin R, Humulin N, Humulin M3, Humalog. Kwethulwa ubuningi bamayunithi angama-60, afakelwe umshini wokuhlanza imishini.
I-Opti Pen Pro 1
Omelele ukukhiqizwa kweFrance, okulungele ukwethulwa kweLantus, Insuman, Apidra. Inecala lepulasitiki, elifakwe isibonisi se-elekthronikhi kanye ne-mechini dispenser.
UNovo Pen 4
Idivaysi yenziwe. Ihambisana ne-Actrapid, Protofan, Novomikst 3, Novorapid. Umthamo ophelele wokuphatha olulodwa amayunithi angama-60 wesisombululo sehomoni.
Amaphampu we-insulin
Iphampu ye-insulin iyithuluzi elibizayo, kepha likuvumela ukuthi uthole okunye ukusebenzisa i-insulin syringes kanye ne-syringes yepeni. Izinzuzo zedivayisi ukuthi iyakwazi ukuletha umuthi we-hormonal emzimbeni womuntu ogulayo ngokuqhubekayo.
Intengo yamaphampu we-insulin isukela kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-90 kuya kwangama-200, okuncike ezintweni eziningi
Idivayisi inemishini elandelayo:
- iphampu ekhipha i-hormonal ntho, kukhona nohlelo lokulawula ipompo;
- ikherishi elitholakala ngaphakathi kwephampu ye-insulin, liyisitsha sesixazululo sokwelapha (esizothathelwa indawo);
- i-infusion isethi - iyashintshana, iqukethe i-cannula yokufakelwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba namabhubhu axhumeka okokugcina ku-cannula;
- amabhethri.
Imishini yesimanje mincane, cishe engabonakali ngaphansi kwezingubo, inosayizi wepende. Uhlelo lokungena lushintsha njalo ezinsukwini ezi-3. Idivaysi uqobo nayo idinga ukuhlelwa kabusha njalo kwenye indawo yomzimba ukuvikela i-lipodystrophy.
Impompo livame ukugcwala nge-insulin ebambekayo. Kungaba i-Apidra, Humalog neNovorapid, kuvame ukusebenzisa ama-insulin amafushane. Izinzuzo zedivayisi ukuthi i-hormonal ntho ngosizo lwepompo ingena egazini lesiguli ngemithamo emincane, kepha imvamisa, evumela ukuthi ingeniswe ngokushesha.
Ezinye izinzuzo zedivayisi:
- unokunemba okuphezulu kokusabalalisa;
- ayidingi ukukhishwa njalo kwesikhumba;
- ukwazi ukubala umthamo we-bolus insulin;
- ukuqaphela njalo izinga likashukela wegazi lesiguli;
- yonke imininingwane edlula kudivayisi ingagcinwa, idluliselwe kwikhompyutha, ihlaziywe, icutshungulwe (inkumbulo iyakwazi ukugcina imininingwane ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule).
Imichilo ye-Express yokunquma i-glucose kanye nemizimba ye-ketone
Imichilo yokuhlola izinkomba, ekwazi ukunquma izinga kashukela osegazini, iyinhlangano elungiselelwe i-reagent esetshenziswa epulasitiki engaphansi. Umphumela walolu cwaningo utholakala ngesikhathi sokuphendula kwe-enzymatic lapho ama-molecule we-glucose axutshwe izakhi eziningana. Ngenxa yalokhu, isici sesikhombi sishintsha umbala waso ngokuya ngokuhlushwa ushukela.
Umucu ocacile ungathola amazinga kashukela asukela ku-1 kuye ku-55 mmol / L. Umphumela ukhanya, yehlisa izinga likashukela, umbala omnyama ukhombisa inani eliphakeme. Ukuze ukwazi ukuthola imiphumela yocwaningo olutholakele, akudingekile neze ukuba nolwazi namakhono ezokwelapha.
Incwadi yemiyalo yemichilo inesikali esikhethekile sombala, lapho umbala nomthunzi ngamunye uhambelana nezinga elithile le-glycemia. Ukucacisa umphumela, kwanele ukuqhathanisa isithunzi esitholwe emgqeni we-Express naleyo imibala esetshenziswa esikalini sombala.
I-Diagluk - ummeleli wemichilo eqondile wokuzimisela okusheshayo kwezinga le-glycemia
Umucu owodwa kufanele usetshenziswe kanye kuphela. Imivimbo yokuhlolwa kokunqunywa kwemizimba ye-ketone ine-algorithm yokusetshenziswa okufanayo, kepha impahla yokuxilonga ayilona igazi, njengasesimweni sokulinganisa amazinga kashukela, kepha umchamo wabantu.
Ngokungezelela kuwo wonke amadivaysi angenhla namadivayisi angathengwa ezitolo ezikhethekile zemishini yezokwelapha noma amakhasi ezinsizakusebenza ze-Intanethi, ochwepheshe batusa ukuthi abanesifo sikashukela bathenge izincwadi.
Kukhona inani elikhulu lezincwadi, omagazini abakhuluma ngempilo “enesifo esimnandi”, imigomo yokuthola isinxephezelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziguli kufanele zibe nedatha kuma-glycemic kanye nama-insulin indices emikhiqizo yokudla. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi upende ngokufanele imenyu yomuntu ogulayo.
