Kuyaziwa ukuthi isenzo se-insulin senzeka ngendlela yokuthi amazinga kashukela egazini ancishiswe aze afinyelele ezingeni elifunayo, futhi wonke amaseli angasebenza kahle.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukusebenza okujwayelekile komzimba womuntu kudinga amandla. Ingatholakala ngenxa yenqubo ethile ye-metabolic eyenzeka kumaseli womzimba. Ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, umuntu kufanele adle ukudla okuqukethe inani elifanele lezinto ezincane ezidingwayo zama-macro, kanye namaprotheni, amafutha nama-carbohydrate. Kuma-carbohydrate anikezela ngokulinganisela kwamandla emzimbeni.
Kepha ukuze zonke lezi zingxenye zisetshenziswe ngamanani afanele ngumzimba, kuyadingeka ukulawula ngokucophelela izinqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni. Ukulawulwa kwezinqubo ze-metabolic kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ama-hormone. Isibonelo, i-insulin, ekhiqizwa ngenxa yokusebenza okujwayelekile kwamanyikwe. Isenzo se-insulin senzeka ngendlela yokuthi wonke ama-carbohydrate akha ukudla aqhekeke phansi abe ushukela, oguqulwa abe ngamandla amangqamuzana. Amandla atholwe yisitokisi asetshenziselwa izidingo zeseli.
I-glucose ne-hormone insulin zihlobene kakhulu nezinqubo ze-metabolic ezenzeka emzimbeni. Ngempela, kuphela ngemuva kokukhiqizwa kwenani le-insulin eliningi elanele, ukucubungulwa kweglucose okwazi ukunikeza amaseli amandla.
Ngabe isebenza kanjani i-insulin?
Abaningi banesithakazelo embuzweni wokuthi kungani i-insulin idingeka. Le hormone idlala indima eqondile enqubweni yokukhiqizwa kwamandla emzimbeni.
I-insulin neglucose iyasebenzisana ukuze izinga loshukela wegazi lihlale likhona ezingeni elithile lomzimba. Kulokhu, umuntu angadla inani elanele lama-carbohydrate.
Ngemuva kokudla ukudla okunama-carbohydrate amaningi, ama-pancreas ethu athola isiginali esidinga ngokuphuthumayo i-insulin nawo wonke ama-enzyme ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokudla.
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ushukela uholela ekwakhekeni kwamandla. Kepha, uma ukwakheka kwe-insulin kuphazamiseka emzimbeni, lokhu kungaholela enanini likashukela egazini.
Ama-pancreas anenani elikhulu lamaseli enza imisebenzi ehlukile. Ezinye zazo zikhiqiza i-insulin yehomoni. Lapho izinga likashukela wegazi likhuphuka, i-hormone idedelwa egazini futhi ngaleyo ndlela inomthelela ekutheni i-glucose iqale ukungena kumaseli. Njengomphumela womsebenzi onjalo, amandla akhiqizwa emzimbeni.
Ukusuka kulokhu akukho nzima ukuphetha ngokuthi amandla angakhiqizwa kuphela ngemuva kwesenzo esifanele se-insulin.
Kungakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukubhekisisa umsebenzi wamanyikwe nokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga lapho umsebenzi wawo uphazamiseka.
Amanyikwe noshukela - bahlangana kanjani?
Kusukela kulokhu okungenhla, kuyacaca ukuthi omunye wemisebenzi ebalulekile yamanyikwe ukuphatha izinga likashukela egazini. Lokhu kutholakala ngokukhiqiza ama-hormone amabili:
- insulin;
- glucagon.
Ngamazwi, lokhu kungachazwa ngale ndlela, lapho kunoshukela omningi egazini, i-insulin yenza imisebenzi yayo yokusindisa impilo futhi ithuthukise ukwakheka kwayo ngamandla. Kepha, uma kunoshukela omncane kakhulu egazini, khona-ke i-glucagon, ngokuphambene nalokho, ivimba ukwakheka kwe-glycogen futhi isebenze ngentshiseko ushukela emandleni.
Njengoba ubona, kuphela ngokusebenza kahle kwamanyikwe kungaligcina izinga elijwayelekile lomzimba weglucose egazini.
Uma sikhuluma ngomunye umthelela ekutholakaleni kwe-insulin metabolism, kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi yileli hormone elisiza glucose ukuthi idlulele kumaseli futhi iguqulwe ibe yindawo ebalulekile yokugcina amaselula.
Uma akwanele, khona-ke ushukela uhlala egazini. I-insulin ihlinzeka ngokuvulwa kweziteshi ezingxenyeni zamaseli ze-glucose, lapho i-glucose ingangena khona kuzo zonke izakhiwo zeselula ezidingekayo.
Kepha kunezimo lapho i-insulin ye-hormone emzimbeni incane kakhulu noma i-pancreas ingayivezi. Kulokhu, ushukela ugxiliwe egazini futhi kwenzeka indlala ye-insulin.
Uma lokhu kwenzeka, khona-ke kufanele uthathe i-analogue ye-insulin - ngemijovo noma ngamalungiselelo akhethekile wethebhulethi anciphisa amazinga kashukela.
Umphumela we-insulin emzimbeni
Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi inani elanele le-insulin liholela ekwakhekeni kwenani elanele lamandla emzimbeni, lisiza nesibindi ekwakheni indawo egcina amandla e-glycogen. Kuyaphazamisa ukuguqulwa kwama-amino acid abe ushukela, kunomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kokuhlanganiswa kwamaprotheni, kanye nokuguqulwa kwama-carbohydrate abe ngamafutha.
I-insulin idlala indima eqondile kuzo zonke izinqubo ezibalulekile emzimbeni.
Kuyazwisiseka ukuthi uqonda kanjani ukuthi lawo mafutha ngokweqile akhiwa kanjani emzimbeni, okuwuphawu lokukhuluphala. I-insulin nayo idlala indima enkulu kule nqubo. Lokhu kwenzeka uma izinga likashukela wegazi liphezulu, kulapho-ke ukuthi ukweqisa kwalo kuphendulela amaseli amanoni abe ngamafutha uqobo, lokhu konke kuholela ekukhulupheni.
Izinkinga ezinjalo nge-insulin emzimbeni zibonisa ukuba khona kwesifo sikashukela. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziphambili zalesi sifo. Kunohlobo lokuya nge-insulin lapho kufanele kusetshenziswe khona i-insulin. Kulokhu, i-pancreas ayihlanganisi i-insulin noma incane kakhulu. Ngohlobo lwesibili lwesifo, i-hormone ikhiqizwa ngamanani anele, kepha ayithinti amaseli omzimba. Lokhu kuholela ekutheni ushukela uhlale egazini, futhi amaseli awatholi amandla anele.
Ngenxa yalokhu, umuntu uzizwa ekhathele njalo futhi esebenza ngokweqile.
Ungasibuyisa kanjani isimo somzimba ekubeni esejwayelekile?
Kunezeluleko ezithile ezizokusiza ukuvikela ukwenzeka kwayo yonke le miphumela emibi. Isibonelo, kufanele ubheke njalo ukuthi yikuphi ukudla okudla kakhulu. Lokhu kungalandelelwa kusetshenziswa inkomba ye-glycemic yomkhiqizo othize. Nguye okhuluma ngokuthi ingakanani i-glucose equkethe emkhiqizweni othile. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lapho ukuqhekeka kushesha kwenzeka, kuphezulu le nkomba.
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kokudla, okubandakanya ama-carbohydrate asheshayo, futhi lokhu kudla, okunenkomba ye-glycemic ephezulu, kuholela njalo ekuthuthukiseni ukukhuluphala. Ngakho-ke, ukudla kokudla kwabanesifo sikashukela kubaluleke kakhulu.
Lesi simo siyakhula uma i-insulin ikhiqizwa ngamanani anganele. Isifo sikashukela ikakhulukazi sidla ukudla ngama-carbohydrate "ahamba kancane", aphula kancane kancane. Ngenxa yalokho, i-insulin iyakwazi ukuhambisa ushukela okhona esitokisini. Ngokudla okunjalo, umuntu uzizwa egcwele isikhathi eside kakhulu.
Uma izinga lento yegazi elishiwo ngenhla lingaphansi kweshumi mmol / l noma ngaphezulu, khona-ke ezinye izitho zivele zixhunywe enqubweni yokususwa kwalo emzimbeni. Lokhu kulandelwa ukuthuthukiswa kwezimpawu eziningi:
- ngenxa yokuchama njalo, umuzwa ongapheli wokoma uyavela;
- ngenxa yokuthi amafutha awashiswa ngokuphelele, ukukhuluphala kuyaqala;
- amangqamuzana awatholi ushukela owanele, ngakho-ke awakwazi ukukhipha amandla ngesilinganiso esifanele, isiguli siqala ukuzizwa singenandaba nokukhathala.
Uma amafutha engacutshungulwa ngokuphelele, umphumela wokudla okunjalo uwubuthi obunamandla bomzimba. Lesi simo siholela ekuthuthukisweni kwenhliziyo.
Ngenxa yalokhu, kuba sobala ukuthi i-carbohydrate metabolism ingenzeka ngezindlela ezihlukile.
Esimweni sokuqala, ushukela udluliselwa kumaseli ukuze aguqulwe abe amandla, kuthi okwesibili, i-glucose iguqulwe ibe yizitolo ezinamafutha.
Kuholela kuphi ukungalingani kwe-insulin neglucose?
Isifo esifana nesifo sikashukela senzeka ngenxa yokungalingani kwezinga le-glucose ne-insulin egazini. Lokhu kubonakala ngale ndlela: izinga likashukela likhuphuka kakhulu, futhi amaseli omzimba athole indlala ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamandla. Kuyiqiniso, umzimba ungadla amandla, usebenze amafutha ngama-protein, kepha ukuthola kwawo i-insulin emzimbeni kuyadingeka futhi.
Uma umzimba ungenayo i-insulin eyanele, khona-ke kukhona amandla endlala emazingeni eselula. Ukuntuleka kwe-hormone isikhathi eside kuholela ekutheni ubuthi buqhubeke kancane emzimbeni. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi konke ukuvela kwe-oxidative kwama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi kuyaphulwa, futhi umzimba wamaprotheni unomthelela ekuqongeleleni imikhiqizo yokubola okuphakathi. Yile mikhiqizo ebolayo enobuthi emzimbeni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Kunomunye umphumela otholakala emzimbeni, ngenxa yezinga le-glucose egazini, ukuthi ingcindezi ye-osmotic phakathi kwe-plasma yegazi nezicubu ishintsha kakhulu. Izinguquko ezinjalo ziholela emthwalweni osindayo ohlelweni lokuchama nasemsebenzini wenhliziyo.
Imvamisa, imiphumela engenhla yenzeka uma izinga likashukela wegazi lingamamitha ayisishiyagalolunye / L noma ngaphezulu. Kulokhu, ushukela udonswa izinso, futhi ngokungenakuphikiswa. Umuntu uzizwa ebuchama njalo futhi womile kakhulu.
Lezi yizimpawu ezibonisa ukuqala kwesifo sikashukela. Imvamisa ziba nesifo sikashukela se degree yesibili, yize singaba nesokuqala.
Ungayibuyisela kanjani i-glucose ibe ejwayelekile?
Emzimbeni womuntu ngamunye, uhlelo lonke lusebenza njalo, olunikeza zonke izinqubo zempilo. Uma okungenani inqubo eyodwa ihluleka, ukuphazamiseka okunomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwezinkinga kuqala ukwakheka. Ukwehluleka kumanyikwe, kuholele ekwakhekeni kwe-pathologies ye-carbohydrate metabolism emzimbeni.
Ehlelweni lwe-metabolism, i-glucose ne-insulin zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukwanda okungapheli koshukela egazini kuholela ekhuphukeni okubukhali kokuhlanganiswa kwe-insulin. Lesi simo siholela eqinisweni lokuthi ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi, ukwakheka kwe-hormone kuyancipha noma kuyeke ngokuphelele. Ngasikhathi sinye, umzimba uqobo ubheka ukusetshenziswa okungapheli kokudla okumnandi kanye nokudla okunama-carbohydrate asheshayo njengokujwayelekile. Lesi sidingo siyanda nsuku zonke, ngenxa yalokho isifo esifana nesifo sikashukela siqala ukuthuthuka.
Ezinye iziguli zicabanga ukuthi uma zingasheshe zikushiye ukudla kwazo okujwayelekile, zingalwenza ushukela wegazi lazo bese konke kuzolunga. Kepha kulokhu, kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi umphumela ophambene kungenzeka. Ngokuqedwa okubukhali kokudla okujwayelekile, umzimba uqala ukuzwa uhlobo oluthile lokuwohloka. Uyakuswela lokhu kudla. Izimpawu zivela njengokuthi:
- umuzwa wokoma;
- umuzwa wendlala;
- ukukhuphuka kokukhathazeka;
- ukuphazamiseka kwesistimu yezinzwa;
- ukuqwasha
Kungakho uma ukhomba ukungalingani phakathi kwezinga le-glucose emzimbeni ne-insulin, kufanele uthintane nochwepheshe ngokushesha.
Kwividiyo ekulesi sihloko, umphumela we-insulin emzimbeni womuntu ukhonjiswa kahle.
