Kuhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ukusebenza kwento yonke kuphazamiseka futhi amasistimu wokujikeleza umzimba ahlupheka kuqala. Ingqondo, inhliziyo, imithambo yegazi, ne-retina kuvame ukuthinteka. Imvamisa, izinkomba zesifo azivezwa kakhulu, ngakho-ke kutholakala sekudlule isikhathi, ngenxa yokuthi lapho kuvela ubunzima obungaholela ekufeni.
Ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinqubo ze-metabolic, ukunciphisa ukungatheleleki kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwegazi okungekuhle kuholela ekutheni umuntu ahlupheke ngamehlo. Iziguli zakha i-blepharitis kanye ne-conjunctivitis, okuthatha isikhathi eside, futhi kunzima futhi kunzima ukuphendula ekwelashweni.
I-Conjunctivitis ivame ukugeleza kuyi-cataralog noma i-glaucoma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kaningi izimpawu zalezi zifo ziba ukuphela kwezimpawu ezibonakalayo zesifo sikashukela.
Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko esikhombisa ukubukeka kwezinkinga zokubuka ukubukeka kwezindawo ezinamafu, nezibuthuntu. Ukuze ukuthuthuka okusheshayo kwalesi simo kungaholeli ebumpumputhe, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi iyini ikhathakhatha yesifo sikashukela nokuthi yiziphi izindlela ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha.
I-Cataract: izimbangela kanye nokwethulwa kwemitholampilo
Lesi sifo sikhula lapho i-lens ye-opic iba ngamafu. Yilensi eguqula isithombe, isenze sithinteke engxenyeni yombono esebuchosheni.
Ukuphazamiseka emisebenzini ye-lens yamehlo kungadalwa yizinto ezahlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, lesi sifo sikhula ngokushesha kunokuba sibi sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Yize izimbangela zalesi sifo kuzo zombili lezi zimo ziyefana. Ngakho-ke, ama-cataralog kuma-diabetes angakhula lapho kuvezwa izici ezilandelayo:
- Ukunikezwa kwegazi okungekuhle esweni, okubangela ukugcwala kwe-lens, nemithambo yegazi ibe ntekenteke.
- Ukushoda kwe-insulin egazini kuholela ekuguqukeni kwangaphambi kwesitho esibonakalayo, ikakhulukazi, imiphumela enjalo iyaphawulwa kubashukela abancane abangaxhomekeki ekwelashweni kwe-insulin.
Futhi, ngokunyuka okungapheli kokuxineka kwe-glucose egazini, okuwedlula konke kufakwa ngesimo sama-flakes emzimbeni welensi. Kepha namuhla, odokotela abaningi baphikisana ngokuthi ngabe kukhona ngempela ubudlelwano phakathi koshukela omningi nokuthuthukiswa kwamabala abangelwa ushukela.
Ukugcwala kweshukela kwesifo se-lens kungahlukaniswa ngeminyaka ngezici ezithile. Ngakho-ke, uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka ohlelweni lwe-endocrine, izimpawu zesifo samehlo ziba mncane. Futhi ikhathaza elivuthiwe selivele selivele ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-40, kuyilapho izimpawu zalo zanda ngokushesha.
Izimpawu zokuqala ziyisimbozo phambi kwamehlo, zingavela ezigulini ezingaphansi kweminyaka engama-25. Lesi sifo sihambisana nezinye izibonakaliso eziningi:
- ubuthi bezinto ngokukhanya okukhanyayo;
- sobabili besithombe;
- isithombe siphela;
- ushintsho kumfundi, oba ngamafu futhi kube lula, okutholwa ngesikhathi kuhlolwa udokotela wamehlo wezamehlo.
I-Cataract inabetes mellitus ingabonakaliswa ukuphazamiseka kwe-HC. Ngakho-ke, isiguli siba nokuphumula, singacasuki, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwekhono lokuzimela ngokuzimela esikhaleni.
Ukwelashwa
Ukuxilongwa kwe-cataract ngesifo sikashukela kwenziwa yi-ophthalmologist. Udokotela uyanquma
- isilinganiso se-acuity;
- izinga lokucindezela kwe-intraocular;
- ukukhonjwa kwemingcele yombono.
Ngemuva kwalokho, besebenzisa imishini yezokwelapha yesimanje, udokotela uhlola i-fundus, i-retina kanye nelensi. Lesi sifo siqala ukwelashwa kuphela ngemuva kokuxilongwa okuyikho.
Ukwelashwa kweCataract kwenziwa kanye nokususwa kwezimbangela nezimpawu zesifo esikhona - isifo sikashukela. Ngale njongo, ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kungabekwa, isiguli kufanele futhi silandele indlela ekhethekile yokudla, idle ukudla kokudla kwabanesifo sikashukela futhi ungakhohlwa ngomsebenzi womzimba.
Ukwelashwa kwamathumbu ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa kusebenza kuphela esigabeni sokuqala salesi sifo, kanti kubalulekile ukucubungula izimbangela zesehlakalo saso. Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, kudonswa iso lamehlo ukuthi kwehlise ukukhula kwe-pathology, kepha ungakuyeki. Ngakho-ke, nge-cataract yesifo sikashukela, i-Taurine (Taufon, Dibikor) ne-Adapentacen (Quinax) ifakwa emehlweni.
Uma kukhona i-cataract kanye nesifo sikashukela, khona-ke ama-lens namagilasi ngeke asize, ngakho-ke, kusetshenziswa ukwelashwa okuhlinzwa. Inhloso yokuhlinzwa ukususwa kwe-cataract.
Inqubo yenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia yendawo kusetshenziswa imakroscope ekhethekile futhi ekhanyisela insimu yokuhlinza. Uma womabili la mehlo ethintekile, khona-ke okokuqala ifilimu ikhishwa kusitho sinye, bese kuthi ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingama-3-4 ilensi yesibili ilashwe.
Lapho kuba ne-cataract, ukwelashwa kufanele kube mnene ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, i-phacoemulsification ivame ukusetshenziswa, ihlanganiswe nokufakwa kwelensi yokufakelwa. Le nqubo yenza kube nokwenzeka ukuqeda ikhathalogi yanoma ibuphi ubunzima.
Kwenziwa kanjani ukuhlinzwa kwe-cataract? Besebenzisa uphenyo lwe-ultrasound, udokotela ohlinzayo uphahliza ilensi enamafu, bese kuba nokulangazelela kwezinhlayiya ezincane. Ngokuvela kokuqalwa okwenziwe ngaphambili, ukufakelwa okwenziwe nge-tube kufakwa esweni ngomjovo okhethekile wesirinji.
I-anesthesia itholakala ngokusebenzisa izinzwa. Isikhathi senqubo sifinyelela kumizuzu engama-25.
Izinzuzo ze-phacoemulsification zifaka:
- ukuphepha nokungabi nobuhlungu;
- amathuba amancane okuthuthuka kwezinkinga;
- usayizi omncane we-incision kufika ku-2,5 mm;
- isikhathi esifushane senqubo;
- ukuvuselelwa okusheshayo (izinsuku ezingama-30 ezinkulu).
Ukubuyisela umbono ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, kusetshenziswa ama-lens wokufakelwa. Ama-IOL afakwe esweni, athatha indawo yesitho esithintekile nayo. Le ndlela yokwelashwa ibhekwa njengeyindlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokulungisa, ekuvumela ukuthi ubuyisele i-acuity ephezulu yokubuka. Ngempela, izici ze-lens ezingabonakali ziseduze kakhulu nezakhiwo ze-lens zemvelo.
Ilensi yokufakelwa yenziwa ngento ekhethekile esobala ebekezelelwa kahle izicubu zesitho esibukwayo ngaphandle kokuvusa inqubo yokuvuvukala. Kepha i-IOL yesiguli ngasinye ikhethiwe ngokwahlukana, ngokusekelwe ekubonakaleni nasekuziphatheni kwamehlo akhe.
Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, amasonto amane, amehlo kufanele afakwe ama-non-steroidal kanye nama-steroidal agents. Imvamisa i-Indocollir ne-Dexamethasone (2 amaconsi 4 r. Ngosuku). Ezinsukwini eziyi-10, izidakamizwa ze-antibacterial zifakiwe ngenani elifanayo.
Kuze kube yilapho ukwelashwa kuphulukisa ngokuphelele, kungakapheli izinsuku eziyi-14 kubalulekile ukuqapha ngokucophelela inhlanzeko ukuvikela ukukhula kwenqubo yokutheleleka. Ngakho-ke, ungathinti iso bese uligeza ngaphansi kwamanzi ampompela. Futhi, ngesikhathi sokululama, akunqweneleki ukufaka izimonyo, ukuzivocavoca bese uya kwi-sauna.
Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuhlinzwa nge-retinopathy ethuthukile uma kukhona amabala ku-retina? Kulesi simo, ukwelashwa okuhlinzwa kuvimbelaniswa. Futhi i-phacoemulsification ayenziwa ngokuvuvukala kwamehlo nokwakheka kwemithambo yegazi ku-iris.
Ukuvimbela
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zamehlo kwabashukela kungavinjelwa. Ngale njongo, njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, iziguli kufanele zivakashele i-ophthalmologist ezohlola i-fundus, inqume isimo se-lens bese ihlole i-visual acuity.
Ukuvikela izitho ezibonakalayo ekuqhekeni ushukela ngokweqile, kufanele kusetshenziswe amaconsi eso. Isibonelo, i-Catalin noma i-Katachrome.
Isikhathi sesifundo sokuzivikela esiyinyanga eyi-1, ngemuva kwalokho kunconywe ukuthatha ikhefu izinsuku ezingama-30 siphinde iseshini. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa impilo yonke kuyadingeka.
I-Avetotsian Forte inekhambi elibanzi lezinkinga zikashukela. Siqukethe izinto ezikhishwa ngemvelo (imbewu yamagilebhisi, ama-currant, ama-blueberries), ukuvuselela umsebenzi obonakalayo, ukuqinisa ukubonwa kwamehlo kanye nohlelo lwe-vascular.
Isifo sikashukela kanye nokukhipha izinhlungu kukashukela ngeke kube imiqondo ehambisanayo uma ubhekisisa okuqukethwe kweglucose njalo, ukuvimbela ukweqa kwayo okuqinile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuthatha imishanguzo ekhethekile eyenza ushukela wegazi uvuse futhi isebenze imetabolism. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ama-multivitamin complexes, ahlanganisa ama-amino acid, ama-antioxidants nezinye izinto eziqinisa futhi zihlanze uhlelo lwe-vascular.
I-Vitamin C iyindlela ephumelelayo yokulwa ne-cataract yesifo sikashukela. Ngakho-ke, isiguli kufanele sicebise ngokudla kwayo ngamawolintshi kanye nopelepele. Futhi, lesi sakhi sikhona ngamajikijolo (ama-blackcurrant, ama-blueberries), esingagcini ngokuthuthukisa umsebenzi obonakalayo, kepha futhi sigcina ilensi.
I-Riboflavin iyisengezo esisebenzayo sezempilo iso. Ingatholwa okusanhlamvu okuphelele, imvubelo nobisi. Futhi, ukuthuthukisa umbono, kufanele uphuze itiye eliluhlaza ngamanani amaningi. I-video ekulesi sihloko ikhuluma ngezimpawu zesifo sikashukela.
