Uhlobo 1 nesifo sikashukela esingu-2 sithinta cishe ama-200 ml. abantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani leziguli landa minyaka yonke. Lesi sifo siyingozi sinezinkinga ezingaholela ekufeni, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yisiphi lesi sifo nokuthi yini okufanele sibe lusizo lokuqala kwisifo sikashukela.
I-Pathology yenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda sokuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine. Ukhula ngokuntuleka kwe-insulin, i-hormone ekhiqizwa ngamanyikwe.
Ukungasebenzi kahle kwesitho kubangela i-hyperglycemia (ushukela omkhulu wegazi), ngenxa yalokho, izinqubo eziningi ze-metabolic ziyaphazamiseka:
- amanzi nosawoti;
- okunamafutha;
- carbohydrate;
- amaprotheni.
Ngokwendlela okwenzeka ngayo, isifo sikashukela sehlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili:
- Uhlobo lwe-1 - ukuncika kwe-insulin. Kwenzeka ngokukhiqizwa kwama-hormone okunganele noma okuphelele. Ngokuvamile kutholakala esemncane.
- Uhlobo 2 - ukuxhomekeka kwe-insulin. Ikhula lapho umzimba ungayiboni i-hormone. Ngokuyisisekelo, le nhlobo iyatholakala kubantu abakhuluphele abaphakathi kweminyaka nabadala.
Ukuthuthukiswa kohlobo 1 kungenxa yenkambo yezinqubo ze-autoimmune. Izimbangela zokuqala kwesi sifo ifa, ukucindezelwa okungapheli, ukukhulupha ngokweqile, umsebenzi we-pancreatic okhubazekile, ukutheleleka ngegciwane kanye nokuphazamiseka kwe-hormonal. Izimpawu eziphambili zalesi sifo ukwehla kwesisindo ngokuzumayo, i-polyuria, i-polyphagy ne-polydipsia.
Kunezimo eziningi ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelashwa ngokushesha. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-hypoglycemia, i-hyperglycemia, i-ketoacidosis kanye nesifo sikashukela.
I-Hypoglycemia
Lesi simo sibonisa ukwehla okubucayi kokuxineka kwe-glucose. Izimpawu zayo zenzeka lapho okweqisa kwe-insulin noma ngemuva kokuthatha isilinganiso esikhulu somuthi osehlisa ushukela esiswini esingenalutho.
Ukuboniswa kwe-hypoglycemia kukhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- ukucwilisa isikhumba;
- iminyakazo
- ukulamba okungapheli;
- ukujuluka
- Isiyezi
- ukuzamazama kwemilenze;
- ukuzindla kwenhliziyo;
- ikhanda.
Usizo lokuqala lokusweleka kwe-glucose ukukhulisa amazinga kashukela. Ngale njongo, isiguli kufanele siphuze ingilazi yetiye ngokufakwa kwamasipuni amathathu kashukela noma sidle ama-carbohydrate asheshayo (amaswidi, isinkwa esimhlophe, i-muffin).
Ngemuva kwemizuzu eyi-10, kuzodingeka uhlole ukuthi lenyuke kangakanani i-glucose concentration. Uma ingakafinyeleli ezingeni olifunayo, lapho-ke kufanele uphinde uphuze isiphuzo esimnandi noma udle okuthile kofulawa.
Uma kwenzeka ulahlekelwe ukwazi, kudingeka ucingo oluphuthumayo lwe-ambulensi. Udokotela uzinzisa isiguli ngokuhambisa isisombululo se-glucose.
Uma isiguli sinokuhlanza okuhambisana nesifo sikashukela, usizo lokuqala-ke ukuthola isizathu sokungatholi ukudla. Kulesi simo, izinga loshukela liqala ukuncipha, ngoba i-insulin izosebenza ngaphandle kwama-carbohydrate. Ngakho-ke, uma unesicanucanu esinamandla, kubalulekile ukubheka njalo okuqukethwe ushukela bese uphatha i-insulin ngesilinganiso esifinyelela kumayunithi amabili.
Uma kwenzeka uhlanza, umzimba ukhipha amanzi emzimbeni. Ukuntuleka kwamanzi kufanele kwenziwe ngokuphuza uketshezi oluningi. Kungaba ujusi, amanzi amaminerali noma itiye.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, udinga ukwengeza ibhalansi kasawoti. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungaphuza amaminerali amanzi, isixazululo se-sodium noma i-Regidron.
Uma wenza umsebenzi womzimba, khona-ke kufanele ukhuphule ukungena kwama-carbohydrate kuya amayunithi amabili. Ukudla okunjalo kufanele kuthathwe ngaphambi nangemuva kwamakilasi.
Uma uhlela umsebenzi omude womzimba (ngaphezu kwamahora amabili), khona-ke umthamo we-insulin unganciphisa ukuwu-25-50%.
Inani lotshwala kufanele futhi lilinganiselwe ku-50-75 amagremu.
I-Hyperglycemia ne-coma yesifo sikashukela
Lesi simo sibonisa ngokukhuphuka okubukhali koshukela wegazi (ngaphezu kwe-10 m / mol). Kuhambisana nezimpawu ezifana nendlala, ukoma, ikhanda, ukuchama kaningi, kanye nemala. Futhi, nge-hyperglycemia, umuntu uba nolaka, abe nenhliziyo, isisu sakhe sibuhlungu, alahlekelwe isisindo kakhulu, iso lakhe libi kakhulu, nephunga le-acetone liyezwakala emlonyeni wakhe.
Kunama-degree ahlukene we-hyperglycemia:
- ukukhanya - 6-10 mmol / l;
- isilinganiso ngu-10-16 mmol / l;
- esindayo - kusuka ku-16 mmol / l.
Usizo lokuqala lokwehla okukhulu ushukela ukwethulwa kwe-insulin esebenza ngokufushane. Ngemuva kwamahora angama-2-3, ukugxila kwe-glucose kufanele kuhlolwe futhi.
Uma isimo sesiguli singazinzanga, khona-ke ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo kwabanesifo sikashukela kulawulo olwengeziwe lwamayunithi amabili e-insulin. Imijovo enjalo kufanele yenziwe njalo emahoreni angama-2-3.
Usizo ngesifo sikashukela, uma umuntu elahlekelwa ingqondo, ukuthi isiguli kufanele silaliswe embhedeni ukuze ikhanda lakhe liphumule ngasohlangothini lwaso. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuphefumula kwamahhala. Ukuze wenze lokhu, susa izinto zangaphandle (imihlathi yamanga) emlonyeni wakho.
Uma usizo olufanele lunganikezwanga, isifo sikashukela siyanda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchopho buzohlupheka kuqala, ngoba amangqamuzana alo aqala ukufa ngokushesha.
Ezinye izitho nazo zizokwehluleka masinyane, kuphumele ekufeni. Ngakho-ke, ucingo oluphuthumayo lwe-ambulensi lubaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-nadnosis izodumaza, ngoba izingane zivame ukugula.
Ingane isengozini ngoba kulesi sikhathi lesi sifo sithuthuka ngokushesha. Kubalulekile ukuba nombono wokuthi yikuphi ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo komuntu onesifo sikashukela.
Abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 kufanele futhi baqaphele, njengoba bekhula bedakwa kakhulu nge-hyperglycemia.
I-ketoacidosis
Lokhu kuyinkinga eyingozi kakhulu, futhi engaholela ekufeni. Isimo sikhula uma amaseli nezicubu zomzimba kungaguquli ushukela kube amandla, ngenxa yokushoda kwe-insulin. Ngakho-ke, i-glucose ithathelwa indawo ngama-deposits anamafutha, lapho echitha, khona-ke imfucuza yawo - ama-ketones, aqongelela emzimbeni, ayibuthi.
Njengomthetho, i-ketoacidosis iba nohlobo lweshukela sikashukela ezinganeni nasebusheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlobo lwesibili lwesifo empeleni aluhambisani nesimo esinjalo.
Ukwelashwa kwenziwa esibhedlela. Kodwa ukulaliswa esibhedlela kungagwenywa ngokudla izimpawu ngesikhathi futhi kuhlolwe njalo igazi nomchamo kuma-ketones. Uma usizo lokuqala lunganikezwa umuntu onesifo sikashukela, uzokwakha ikthaacidotic coma.
Izizathu zokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-ketones kuhlobo lwe-1 sikashukela kulele ekutheni amaseli we-pancreatic beta ayeka ukukhiqiza i-insulin. Lokhu kuholela ekwandeni kokuhlushwa kwe-glucose kanye nokushoda kwama-hormone.
Ngokuphathwa kwangaphakathi kwe-insulin, i-ketoacidosis ingakhula ngenxa yomthamo ongafundile (inani elanele) noma uma irejimeni yokwelashwa ingalandelwa (ukweqa imijovo, ukusetshenziswa komuthi osezingeni eliphansi). Kodwa-ke, izikhathi eziningi zokubonakala kwe-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela kulele ekukhuphukeni okuthe xaxa kwesidingo se-hormone kubantu abathembela ku-insulin.
Futhi, izinto eziholela kokuqukethwe okunyukayo kwama-ketones yizifo ezibangelwa amagciwane noma isifo esithathelwanayo (i-pneumonia, i-sepsis, izifo ezingamagciwane zokuphefumula, umkhuhlane). Ukukhulelwa, ukucindezelwa, ukuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine kanye ne-myocardial infarction nakho kunomthelela ekuthuthukiseni lesi simo.
Izimpawu ze-ketoacidosis zenzeka kungakapheli usuku. Izimpawu zokuqala zifaka:
- ukuchama njalo
- okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-ketones kumchamo;
- umuzwa oqhubekayo womlomo owomile, owenza isiguli somile;
- ukugcwala okukhulu kwe-glucose egazini.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngesifo sikashukela ezinganeni nakubantu abadala, ezinye izibonakaliso zingakhula - ukuphefumula okusheshayo nokukhandlekile, ubuthakathaka, iphunga le-acetone elivela emlonyeni, ubomvu noma ukoma kwesikhumba. Ngisho neziguli zinenkinga yokuhlushwa, ukugabha, ukungahambi kahle kwamathumbu, isicanucanu, nokwazi kwazo kudidekile.
Ngaphezu kwezimpawu, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-ketoacidosis kuboniswa yi-hyperglycemia kanye nokunyuka kwe-acetone kumchamo. Futhi, umucu okhethekile wokuhlola uzosiza ekuhlonzeni isimo.
Izimo eziphuthumayo zesifo sikashukela i-mellitus zidinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha kwezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi uma kungatholakalanga ama-ketones emchameni kuphela, kepha futhi nokuqukethwe ushukela omningi. Futhi, isizathu sokuthintana nodokotela ukuhlanza inhliziyo nokuhlanza, okungahambi ngemuva kwamahora ama-4. Lesi simo sisho ukuthi ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo kuzokwenziwa esibhedlela.
Nge-ketoacidosis, abanesifo sikashukela badinga ukunciphisa umkhawulo wokudla kwabo kwamafutha. Ngokwenza njalo, kufanele baphuze amanzi amaningi we-alkaline.
Udokotela ubeka leyo mithi njenge-Enterodeum ezigulini (i-5 g kafulawa ithululelwa ku-100 ml wamanzi afudumele futhi aphuzwe ngomthamo owodwa noma emibili), Okubalulekile nama-enterosorbents.
Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kufaka ukuphathwa okungathandeki kwesisombululo se-isotonic sodium. Uma isimo sesiguli singathuthuki, khona-ke udokotela unyusa umthamo we-insulin.
Ngisho ne-ketosis, abanesifo sikashukela banikezwa imijovo ye-IM yeSplenin neC Cocarboxylase izinsuku eziyisikhombisa. Uma i-ketoacidosis ingakhuli, khona-ke ukwelashwa okunjalo kungenziwa ekhaya. Nge-ketosis enzima enezimpawu zesifo sikashukela esibolile, bangeniswa esibhedlela ngobuhlungu.
Futhi, isiguli sidinga ukulungiswa kwamthamo we-insulin. Ekuqaleni, okujwayelekile kwansuku zonke imijovo engama-4-6.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abeka phansi i-saline ibekwa, inani laso elinqunywa ngesimo esivamile sesiguli nobudala bakhe.
Yini okufanele yenziwe ngabanesifo sikashukela ngokunqunywa namanxeba?
Kubantu abanezinkinga ze-endocrine, ngisho nokuklanywa okuncane kuphulukisa kabi, kungasaphathwa amanxeba ajulile. Ngakho-ke, kufanele bazi ukuthi basheshise kanjani inqubo yokuzalwa kabusha nokuthi benzeni ngokujwayelekile ezimweni ezinjalo.
Isilonda sidinga ukuphathwa ngokushesha ngomuthi olwa namagciwane. Ngale njongo, ungasebenzisa i-furatsilin, i-hydrogen peroxide noma isisombululo se-potanganum permanganate.
I-Gauze ifoshiwe ku-antiseptic futhi isetshenziswa endaweni elimele kanye noma kabili ngosuku. Kulokhu, kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi i-bandage ayiqinanga, ngoba lokhu kuzophazamisa ukuhamba kwegazi, ngakho-ke ukusikwa ngeke kuphilise ngokushesha. Lapha kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi kuhlale kunengozi yokuthi iqembu lama-gangrene lamaphethelo aphansi lizoqala ukuthuthuka kushukela.
Uma isilonda sibolile, khona-ke izinga lokushisa lomzimba lingakhuphuka, nendawo eyonakalisiwe izolimala futhi ivuvukale. Kulokhu, kufanele uyigeze ngesisombululo se-antiseptic bese udonsa umswakama kuyo, usebenzisa izicubu eziqukethe izinto ezibangelwa ukubulala amagciwane nezinambuzane. Isibonelo, uLevomikol noLeviosin.
Futhi, izeluleko zezokwelapha ukuthatha inkambo yamavithamini C no-B nemithi elwa namagciwane. Uma inqubo yokuphulukisa isiqalile, ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha okhilimu (i-Trofodermin) namafutha okugcoba anakekela izicubu (i-Solcoseryl neMethyluracil) kunconyiwe.
Ukuvimbela izinkinga
Ngohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela, izindlela zokuzivikela ziqala ngokwelashwa kokudla. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukweqiwa kwe-carbohydrate elula namafutha emikhiqizweni eminingi kuholela ekuphazamisekeni okuhlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, ukungasebenzi komzimba kuba buthakathaka, ukungasebenzi kahle kwamapheshana emathunjini, umuntu uthola isisindo ngokushesha, ngenxa yalokho kuba nezinkinga ngohlelo lwe-endocrine.
Ngakho-ke, Amafutha ezilwane kufanele akhethe ukufakwa esikhundleni samafutha emifino. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithelo nemifino ye-acidic equkethe i-fiber kufanele ifakwe ekudleni, okwehlisa ukumuncwa kwama-carbohydrate emathunjini.
Okubaluleke ngokufanayo yindlela yokuphila esebenzayo. Ngakho-ke, noma kungenzeki ukudlala imidlalo, kufanele uhambe ngezinyawo nsuku zonke, uye echibini noma ugibele ibhayisekili.
Udinga futhi ukugwema ukucindezela. Yize kunjalo, uhlobo lwezinzwa ngesinye sezimbangela zesifo sikashukela.
Ukuvimbela ubunzima bezinkinga zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 kuqukethe imithetho ethile. Ngakho-ke, uma uzizwa ungathandeki, khona-ke kungcono ukunamathela ekuphumuleni kombhede.
Lesi sifo asikwazi ukubekezelelwa emilenzeni. Kulokhu, udinga ukudla okulula futhi uphuze uketshezi oluningi. Namanje ukuvimbela i-hypoglycemia, engakhula ebusuku, ngoba isidlo sakusihlwa kufanele sidle ukudla okuqukethe amaprotheni.
Futhi, musa kaningi futhi ngamanani amaningi ukusebenzisa ama-syrups okwelapha nezidakamizwa ze-antipyretic. Ngokuqapha kufanele udle ujamu, uju, ushokoledi namanye amaswidi. Futhi kungcono ukuqala umsebenzi kuphela lapho isimo sezempilo sizinzile ngokuphelele.
