I-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela ingenye yezinkinga zesifo, ngenxa yalokho kulimala kwamehlo kwenzeka ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela. "Isifo sikashukela" siyinkimbinkimbi yemisipha, futhi isuselwe kumonakalo emikhunjini emincane kakhulu.
Isifo sikashukela i- mellitus sibizwa ngokuthi yi-endocrine isifo, esibonakala ngokuqukethwe ushukela omningi emzimbeni womuntu. I-Pathology ibonakala ngenkambo ende, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga eziyingozi.
Umbono kwisifo sikashukela uncishiswa kakhulu, futhi kuguqulwa okungaguquki ku-analyzer ebonakalayo, ngenxa yalokho ukwakheka kwesimo kwamehlo kuphazamiseka - i-fundus, i-retina, umzimba we-vitreous, i-optic nerves, ilensi, okuyinto engemihle kakhulu kulitho lombono.
Ngabe udinga ukubheka ukuthi yiziphi izifo zamehlo ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2? Ungawugcina kanjani umbono futhi uvikele amehlo akho? Kuyini ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo nokuthi ukubuyisela kanjani ukubona?
Izimpawu zokuqala
Ukushintsha isitho sokubona kushukela kuyinqubo ehamba kancane, futhi ekuqaleni, umuntu akaziboni izinguquko ezibalulekile embonweni wakhe wokubuka. Njengomthetho, iso leziguli lisabukhali, abukho buhlungu emehlweni nezinye izimpawu zokuthi izinqubo ze-pathological seziqalile.
Kodwa-ke, uma kuneveli phambi kwamehlo, okungenzeka kungazelelwe nganoma isiphi isikhathi, "amabala" phambi kwamehlo, noma ubunzima bokufunda buqhamukile, lokhu kuwuphawu lokuthi i-pathology isiqalile ukuthuthuka, futhi kukhona ushintsho ku-fundus onesifo sikashukela mellitus.
Ngokushesha lapho kutholakala isifo sikashukela, udokotela uncoma ukuthi isiguli sivakashele udokotela wezifo zamehlo ayohlola umbono waso. Ukuhlolwa okunjalo kumele kwenziwe njalo ngonyaka ukuvikela izinkinga zamehlo ngesikhathi.
Inqubo ejwayelekile yokuhlola umbono ifaka amaphuzu alandelayo:
- Ukubona okubonakalayo kuyahlolwa, imingcele yayo icacisiwe.
- Ingaphansi yeso liyahlolwa.
- Ukucindezela kwe-intraocular kukalwa.
- I-Ultrasound yeso (akuvamile).
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ukubonakaliswa kwe-ocular ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela kutholakala kakhulu kulezi ziguli ezinomlando omude walesi sifo. Ngokwezibalo, ngemuva kweminyaka engama-25 yokulwa ne-pathology, iphesenti eliqhakanjiswa yizifo zamehlo ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela lisondele kakhulu.
Izinguquko ezincwadini ezinesifo sikashukela zihamba kancane. Esigabeni sokuqala, isiguli singazizwa sikhinyabezeka kancane ngombono obonakalayo, ukugqwayiza okufiphele, “izimpukane” phambi kwamehlo.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inkinga yanda kakhulu, kanye nezimpawu zayo: umbono wesiguli uncishiswa kakhulu, akahlukanisi izinto. Uma ungasinaki lesi simo, khona-ke ukulahleka kombono kushukela kuyindaba yesikhathi.
Kumele ngithi ngobuningi bamacala, inqubo yokulimazeka okubukwayo ingabonakala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Imvamisa, ezigulini eziningi, uphawu lokuncipha kombono seluvele luyabonakala ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa.
I-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela
I-retina yiqembu lamaseli akhethekile emzimbeni womuntu aguqula ukukhanya kudlule ku-lens kuya esithombeni. Iso noma i-opic nerve iyidlulisela imininingwane ebonakalayo, futhi iqondise ebuchosheni.
I-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela iboniswa ushintsho emithanjeni ye-fundus, ukwephulwa kokusebenza kwemithambo yegazi, eba ngumphumela wokuqhubeka kwesifo esikhona.
Ukwehla kombono kushukela kubangelwa ukuthi imikhumbi emincane ilimele, futhi lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi yi-microangiopathy. I-Microangiopathy ifaka ukuphazamiseka kwezinzwa zesifo sikashukela, kanye ne-pathology yezinso. Esimweni lapho kwenzeka khona imithambo yegazi enkulu yenzeka, i-pathology ibizwa ngokuthi yi-macroangiopathy, futhi ifaka izifo ezifana nalezi - ukushaya kwenhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi.
Ucwaningo lokuphazamiseka kwesifo "esimnandi" luveze ukuthi kunokuxhumana okucacile phakathi kwalesi sifo kanye ne-microangiopathy. Mayelana nobudlelwano obusunguliwe, kutholakale isixazululo. Ukwelapha isiguli, udinga ukuguqula okuqukethwe ushukela emzimbeni wakhe.
Izici ze-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela:
- Ngohlobo 2 sikashukela, i-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela ingaholela kwezinguquko emithanjeni yegazi engalungiseki, okuholele ekulahlekelweni ngokuphelele kombono kushukela.
- Uma isikhathi eside isipiliyoni sesisekelo sendlela yokusebenza, sikhulu amathuba okuba ukuvuvukala kwamehlo kukhule.
- Uma inqubo yokuvuvukala ingatholakali ngesikhathi, futhi izinyathelo eziningana okuhloswe ngazo ukwenza ngcono umbono azithathiwe, khona-ke akunakwenzeka ukuvikela isiguli ebumpumputhe.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi i-retinopathy ezigulini ezisezincane zohlobo lokuqala lwe-pathology zivelakancane kakhulu. Imvamisa, i-pathology iziveza ngokunembile ngemuva kwesikhathi sokuthomba.
Iziguli eziningi zinesifiso sendlela yokuvikela amehlo akho ngesifo sikashukela. Ukuvikela amehlo akho kuyadingeka kusukela lapho kutholakala lesi sifo. Futhi okuwukuphela kwendlela esiza ukugwema izingqinamba ukulawula ushukela wegazi, ukuligcina lisesimweni esidingekayo.
Izifundo zemitholampilo zibonisa ukuthi uma ulawula i-glucose yakho, ulandele zonke izincomo zikadokotela, udle ngakwesokudla, uhole indlela yokuphila esebenzayo futhi uvakashele i-ophthalmologist njalo, unganciphisa amathuba okukhulisa i-pathology ngo-70%.
Zikhona izinhlobo zezifo?
I-retinopathy yangemuva ibonakala ngeqiniso lokuthi ngomonakalo wemithambo yegazi emincane akukho zimpawu zokulimala okubukwayo. Kulesi sigaba, ukulawula ukugxilwa kwe-glucose emzimbeni kubaluleke kakhulu. Lokhu kusiza ukukhipha ukuthuthukiswa kwamanye ama-pathologies wamehlo, futhi kuvimbela i-retinopathy yangemuva ekuqhubekeni phambili. I-fundus yeso, ikakhulukazi imikhumbi yayo, ishintsha emilenzeni.
I-Maculopathy Kulesi sigaba, isiguli siveza izilonda endaweni ebucayi ebizwa nge-macula. Ngenxa yokuthi umonakalo wenziwe endaweni ebucayi, enomsebenzi obalulekile wokubona okugcwele, ukwehla okukhulu kombono kuyabonakala.
I-Proliferative retinopathy ibonakala ngokwakhiwa kwemithambo yegazi emisha engemuva kwesitho esibukwayo. Ngenxa yokuthi isifo esinjalo siyinkimbinkimbi yesifo sikashukela, sikhula ngenxa yokunikezwa okunganele komoya-mpilo emithanjeni yegazi ephazamisekile. I-fundus nezindawo ezisengxenyeni engemuva yeso ziguqulwe ngendlela enobungozi.
Ama-Cataracts abizwa ngokuthi mnyama kwe-lens yeso, okuthi ngokwesimo esijwayelekile kube nokuvela okusobala. Ngamalensi, umuntu angahlukanisa phakathi kwezinto futhi agxile esithombeni.
Uma ungabheki iqiniso lokuthi ikati lingabonakala kubantu abaphilile ngokuphelele, kwabanesifo sikashukela izinkinga ezinjalo zitholakala ngaphambili, ngisho nangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20-25. Ngokuqanjwa kwamabala, amehlo awakwazi ukugxila ezithombeni. Izimpawu zesifo esinjalo zimi ngalendlela elandelayo:
- Umuntu ubona inkungu.
- Ukungabi namandla kombono.
Esikhathini esiningi samacala, ukubuyisela umbono, udinga ukufaka esikhundleni selensi embi nokufakwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukuze athuthukise umbono, umuntu udinga ukugqoka amalensi noma izingilazi zokuxhumana.
Ngokuxinaniswa kwesifo seso, umuntu onesifo sikashukela angaba ne-hemorrhage yeso (njengasesithombeni). Igumbi elingaphandle ligcwele ngokuphelele igazi, umthwalo emehlweni uyakhuphuka, umbono uncipha kakhulu futhi uhlala uphansi izinsuku eziningana.
Uma iso ligcwele igazi, kunconywa ukuthi ubonane nodokotela ngalo lolo suku ukuze ukhiphe ezinye izinkinga.
Udokotela ohambelayo uzohlola iso nesikhwama, anikeze nama-aphoyintimenti azosiza ukuthuthukisa umbono.
Ukwelashwa
Yini okufanele yenziwe uma umbono uqala ukuncipha, futhi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezingakubuyisela, iziguli zizibuze? Ukwelashwa kwamehlo sikashukela kuqala ngokujwayelekile kokudla nokulungiswa kokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic.
Iziguli kufanele ziqaphele njalo okuqukethwe ushukela emzimbeni, ziphuze imishanguzo enciphisa ushukela, futhi ziqikelele imitha yazo ye-carbohydrate. Kodwa-ke, okwamanje, ukwelapha izinkinga ezinzima ngendlela yokubamba umzimba akuphumeleli.
Ukwanda kwe-laser ye-retina kubizwa ngokuthi indlela yesimanje yokwelashwa kwe-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela. Ukungenelela kwenziwa ngesisekelo esingaphandle kwesibhedlela, isikhathi senqubo asikho ngaphezu kwemizuzu emihlanu.
Ukukhwabanisa kuvame ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili. Konke kuya ngesilinganiso sokulimala kwe-fundus, kanye nokwephulwa kwemithambo yegazi. Le nqubo isiza kakhulu ukubuyisela umbono ezigulini.
Ukwelashwa kwe-glaucoma yesifo sikashukela kungendlela elandelayo:
- Ukuthatha umuthi.
- Kunconywa amaconsi wamehlo.
- Inqubo ye-Laser.
- Ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa.
I-Vitrectomy inqubo esetshenziswayo esetshenziselwa ukuqina komzimba emzimbeni we-vitreous, ukuthambisa i-retina, kanye nokulimala kanzima kwe-analyzer ebonakalayo yokulwa nesifo sikashukela i-mellitus.
Kuyafaneleka ukusho ukuthi ukungenelela okunjalo kwenziwa kuphela ezimweni lapho kungenakwenzeka khona ukwenza ukubuyiselwa kombono nangezinye izinketho. Ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile.
Ingxenye yeso kufanele isikwe ezindaweni ezintathu, ngenxa yalokho indawo ekhishwe evumela ukuthi udokotela akhohlise i-retina kanye ne-vitreous body. I-vitreous isulwe ngokuphelele ngokusebenzisa i-vacuum, kanti izicubu zomzimba, izibazi, negazi kuyasuswa kuyo. Ngemuva kwalokho, inqubo yenziwa kwi-retina.
Uma isiguli sinezimpawu zamehlo nge-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, awudingi ukuchitha isikhathi unethemba lokuthi konke kuzodlula ngokwako. Awukwazi ukuzindla, akukho nzuzo eyodwa ezonikeza impendulo yokuthi ungayilungisa kanjani inkinga. Kuyadingeka ukubonana nodokotela ngokushesha, khona-ke kuzokwazi ukubuyisela ukuqonda okubonakalayo.
Ungazivikela kanjani?
Ukuvimbela, okusiza ukuvimbela izinkinga zamehlo noma ukumisa ukuqhubeka kwazo, kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwama-vithamini. Njengomthetho, zinconywa ekuqaleni kwesifo, lapho kusekhona umbono obukhali, futhi akukho okubonakalayo kokuhlinzwa.
I-Alphabet Diabetes - i-vitamin diabetes eyinkimbinkimbi ethuthukisa ukwanda kwamehlo, ifaka nezakhi zezitshalo. Umthamo uhlala ukhethwe kuphela ngudokotela, isimo esigcwele sesiguli, amathuba okuba nezinkinga, nokubalwa kwegazi kwelebhu kuyabhekwa.
Uhlobo lwesibili sikashukela luhilela ekudleni okuthile, futhi akwenzeki njalo ukuthola wonke amavithamini adingekayo nezakhi eziwusizo ekudleni. IDoppelherz Asset - umkhiqizo wamavithamini kanye namaminerali osiza ukuvikela izinto ezibonakalayo ngokukhipha ama-blueberries, i-lutein, i-beta-carotene, kuzosiza ukuwagcwalisa.
Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela i-mellitus zinganciphisa kakhulu ukuvela kwezinkinga ze-ocular uma zilawula ushukela wegazi futhi ziqashwa njalo ngudokotela wezifo zamehlo. Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko iqhubeka nesihloko sezinkinga zokubukwa kushukela.
