Isifo sikashukela yisifo se-endocrine esingalapheki lapho indlela yemvelo yokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin iphazamisekile. Izinkinga zesifo zithinta ikhono lesiguli lokuphila impilo ephelele. Okokuqala, kuphathelene nesici sabasebenzi. Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela salezi zinhlobo zombili zidinga ukubhekwa njalo ochwepheshe bezokwelapha, kanye nokuthola imithi ekhethekile.
Ukuze uzuze amalungelo ongeziwe ekunakekelweni kwezenhlalo nakwezokwelapha, labo abahlushwa yilezi zifo zengqondo bavame ukuzibuza ukuthi ngabe ukukhubazeka kuyasinikeza yini isifo sikashukela.
Izici Ezithinta Ukukhubazeka
Iqembu lokukhubazeka elizokwabelwa onesifo sikashukela kuya ngohlobo lwezinkinga ezenzeka phakathi kwalesi sifo. Amaphuzu alandelayo ayabhekwa: isifo sikashukela esizalwe kabusha noma esenziwe kubantu, uhlobo 1 noma isifo sohlobo 2. Lapho belungiselela isiphetho, odokotela kumele banqume ukuthi ubukhulu be-pathology eyenziwe ekhaya. Ibanga lesifo sikashukela:
- Easy: ukugcina amazinga eglucose etholakala ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ama-chemacological agents - ngenxa yokudla. Izinkomba zesilinganiso sasekuseni sikashukela ngaphambi kokudla akufanele singeqi ku-7.5 mm / ilitha .;
- Okuphakathi: Kabili okweqile kokuhlushwa ushukela okujwayelekile. Ukubonakaliswa kwezinkinga ezihambisana nesifo sikashukela - i-retinopathy kanye nephropathy ezigabeni zokuqala.
- Kakhulu: ushukela wegazi 15 mmol / ilitha noma ngaphezulu. Isiguli singawela ekhefini likashukela noma lihlale esifundeni sasemngceleni isikhathi eside. Umonakalo omkhulu ezinso, uhlelo lwenhliziyo; ushintsho olunamandla lokwehla kwamandla aphezulu nangaphansi kungenzeka.
- Kakhulu isindayo: ukukhubazeka kanye ne-encephalopathy okubangelwa yilezi zinkinga ezichazwe ngenhla. Lapho kukhona ifomu elinzima kakhulu, umuntu ulahlekelwa amandla okuhamba, akakwazi ukwenza izinqubo ezilula kakhulu zokunakekelwa komuntu siqu.
Ukukhubazeka ngohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela kuqinisekiswa lapho kunezinkinga ezichazwe ngenhla uma isiguli sinembuyiselo. Ukwehlulwa yisimo lapho amazinga kashukela angajwayelekile lapho edla.
Izici Ezithinta Ukukhubazeka Isabelo
Iqembu lokukhubazeka kwisifo sikashukela lincike ohlotsheni lwezinkinga zesifo.
Iqembu lokuqala labelwa uma:
- ukwehluleka kwezinso okwenzeka kakhulu;
- i-encephalopathy yobuchopho kanye nokukhubazeka kwengqondo okubangelwa yikho;
- gangrene of the emaphethelweni aphansi, unyawo sikashukela;
- Izimo ezijwayelekile zokuphefumula kwesifo sikashukela;
- izinto ezingavumeli ukwenza imisebenzi yabasebenzi, ukusiza izidingo zabo (kufaka nenhlanzeko), ukuzulazula;
- ukunaka okungahambi kahle kanye nokujwayiza esikhaleni.
Iqembu lesibili labelwa uma:
- i-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela sesigaba 2 noma sesi-3;
- i-nephropathy, ukwelashwa kwayo okungenakwenzeka ngemithi yokwelapha;
- ukwehluleka kwezinso esigabeni sokuqala noma esigungwini;
- i-neuropathy, ehambisana nokwehla okujwayelekile kokuqina kwamandla, izilonda ezincane zesistimu yezinzwa kanye nesistimu ye-musculoskeletal;
- imikhawulo yokuhamba, ukuzinakekela kanye nomsebenzi.
Isifo sikashukela nge:
- ukwephulwa okulinganiselayo kwesimo sokusebenza kwezitho ezithile zangaphakathi nezinhlelo (inqobo nje uma lokhu kwephulwa kungakaholeli kuguquko olungaguqukiyo);
- imikhawulo emincane emsebenzini nokuzinakekela.
Ukukhubazeka kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kuvame ukufaka isabelo seqembu lesithathu.
Ngaphambi kokwenza ukukhubazeka, isiguli kufanele sazi ukuthi sizolindela imingcele ekusebenzeni kwemisebenzi yabasebenzi. Lokhu kuyiqiniso kulabo abaqashwe ekukhiqizeni nasemsebenzini ohambisana nomsebenzi womzimba. Abanini beqembu lesithathu bazokwazi ukuqhubeka nokusebenza ngemikhawulo emincane. Abantu abakhubazekile besigaba sesibili bazophoqeleka ukuthi bashiye imisebenzi ephathelene nomsebenzi womzimba. Isigaba sokuqala sithathwa njengongafanele - iziguli ezinjalo zidinga ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo.
Ukwenza Ukukhubazeka Sikashukela
Ngaphambi kokuthola ukukhubazeka ngesifo sikashukela, udinga ukuya kwinqubo yezokwelapha eminingana, uvivinye futhi unikeze iphakethe lemibhalo esikhungweni sezokwelapha lapho uhlala khona. Inqubo yokuthola isimo "sokukhubazeka" kumele iqale ngokuvakashela kudokotela osendaweni, futhi ngokwesisekelo se-anamnesis kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kokuqala, idinga ukudluliselwa esibhedlela.
Esibhedlela, isiguli sizodingeka thatha izivivinyo bese uyahlolwa. Uhlu olungezansi:
- umchamo nokuhlolwa kwegazi kokuhlushwa ushukela;
- imiphumela yokulinganisa ushukela;
- i-urinalysis ye-acetone;
- imiphumela yokuhlolwa kweshukela;
- ECG
- ubuchopho be-tomography;
- imiphumela yokuhlolwa ngudokotela wezifo zamehlo;
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Reberg ngomchamo;
- idatha enezilinganiso zomthamo wansuku zonke womchamo;
- I-EEG
- isiphetho ngemuva kokuhlolwa ngudokotela ohlinzayo (ukuba khona kwezilonda ezindexekile, ezinye izinguquko eziwohlokile emilenzeni kuyahlolwa);
- imiphumela ye-dopplerography.
Lapho kukhona izifo ezihlangene, iziphetho zenziwa mayelana nokuguquguquka kwamanje kwekhosi yabo kanye nokuqagela kwabo. Ngemuva kokuphasa izivivinyo, isiguli kufanele siqhubeke nokwakhiwa kwephakethe lamadokhumenti adingekayo ukuze kuhanjiswe ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kanye nokuhlalisana - igunya endaweni yokuhlala, enikeza isimo "somuntu okhubazekile".
Uma kwenziwa isinqumo esingesihle maqondana nesiguli, unelungelo lokuphonsela inselelo isinqumo ehhovisi lesifundangokufaka isitatimende esivumelanayo kwiphakheji yemibhalo. Uma iHhovisi Lesifunda le-ITU lenqaba ngokufanayo, khona-ke umuntu onesifo sikashukela unezinsuku ezingama-30 zokufaka isikhalo eHhovisi Lombuso le-ITU. Kuzo zonke izimo, impendulo evela kwiziphathimandla kufanele inikezwe kungakapheli inyanga.
Uhlu lwemibhalo okufanele ihanjiswe kwiziphathimandla ezifanele:
- ikhophi yepasipoti;
- imiphumela yako konke ukuhlaziya nezivivinyo ezichazwe ngenhla;
- imibono yabodokotela;
- isitatimende sefomu elisunguliwe uNombolo 088 / у-0 ngesidingo sokunikeza iqembu labakhubazekile;
- ikhefu lokugula;
- ukuphuma esibhedlela esibhedlela mayelana nokudlula kwezivivinyo;
- ikhadi lezokwelapha elivela esikhungweni sokuhlala.
Izakhamizi ezisebenzayo ngaphezu kwalokho ziyadingeka ukunamathisela ikhophi yencwadi yomsebenzi. Uma umuntu eyeka phambilini ngenxa yempilo engeyinhle noma akakaze asebenze, kufanele afake ezitifiketini eziqinisekisa ukuba khona kwezifo ezingahambisani nemisebenzi yobungcweti kanye nesiphetho ngesidingo sokuvuselelwa.
Uma ukukhubazeka kubhaliselwe ingane enesifo sikashukela, khona-ke abazali banikeza isitifiketi sokuzalwa (kuze kube iminyaka eyi-14) kanye nesici esivela esikhungweni semfundo ejwayelekile.
Inqubo yokuqoqa nokugcwalisa amadokhumenti yenziwa lula uma ukuhlolwa kweziguli kanye ne-ITU kulawulwa yisikhungo esifanayo sezokwelapha lapho uhlala khona. Isinqumo sokunikezela ngokukhubazeka eqenjini elifanele asenziwanga ngaphambi kwenyanga kusukela ngosuku lokugcwaliswa kwesicelo kanye nemibhalo. Iphakethe lemibhalo kanye nohlu lokuhlolwa kuyafana kungakhathalekile ukuthi umenzi wesicelo uhlose ukudonsa ukukhubazeka kohlobo 1 noma isifo sikashukela esingu-2.
Ukukhubazeka ohlotsheni 1 sikashukela, kanye nokukhubazeka kuhlobo 2 sikashukela, kudinga ukuqinisekiswa ngezikhathi ezithile.
Lapho edlula ephindelela, isiguli sinikezela ngesitifiketi esiqinisekisa ubungako bokukhubazeka obabunikezwe ngaphambili kanye nohlelo lokuvuselela kabusha olunamamaki wenqubekela phambili yamanje. Iqembu 2 no-3 ziyaqinisekiswa minyaka yonke. Iqembu 1 liqinisekiswa kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili. Le nqubo yenzeka kwizikhungo zama-ITU lapho uhlala khona.
Izinzuzo nezinye izinhlobo zosizo lomphakathi
Isigaba sokukhubazeka esabelwe ngokusemthethweni sivumela abantu ukuthi bathole enye imali. Abanesifo sikashukela abakhubazekile kweqembu lokuqala bathola izibonelelo esikhwameni sempesheni yokukhubazeka, futhi abantu abakhubazekile beqembu lesibili nelesithathu bathola iminyaka yempesheni.
Izenzo ezijwayelekile ziphoqelela ukuthi zinikeze mahhala abantu abanesifo sikashukela abakhubazekile (ngokuhambisana nesilinganiso):
- insulin;
- isirinji;
- ama-glucometer kanye nemichilo yokuhlola ukuthola ubukhulu beshukela;
- izidakamizwa ukwehlisa ushukela.
Iziguli zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 zinelungelo lokwelashwa kwe-sanatorium, ilungelo lokufunda emkhakheni omusha wezabasebenzi. Futhi, iziguli zazo zonke izigaba kufanele zinikezwe ngemithi yokuvimbela kanye nokwelashwa kwezinkinga zesifo sikashukela. Futhi, kulezi zigaba kunikezwe ukwehliswa kwezindleko zokusetshenziswa ngesiqingatha.
Ingane esithole isimo "esikhubazekile" ngenxa yesifo sikashukela iyadedelwa empini. Ngesikhathi sokufunda, ingane iyadedelwa izivivinyo zokugcina nezokungena, isitifiketi sisuselwa kumabanga aphakathi nonyaka. Funda kabanzi ngezinzuzo zengane enesifo sikashukela lapha.
Abesifazane abanesifo sikashukela bangalindela ukwenyuka kwamasonto amabili ekhefu lokuya esikhathini.
Ukukhokhelwa kwempesheni kwalesi sigaba sezakhamizi kuluhlu lwama-ruble angama-2300-13700 futhi kuncike eqenjini elinikezwe ukungakwazi ukusebenza kanye nenani labancikezi abahlala nesiguli. Abantu abakhubazekile abanesifo sikashukela bangasebenzisa izinsizakalo zabasebenzi bezenhlalo kaningi. Uma imali yomuntu ethola iholo eliphilayo eyi-1.5 noma ngaphansi, khona-ke izinsizakalo zochwepheshe kwezinsizakalo zenhlalo zinikezwa mahhala.
Ukukhubazeka kwesifo sikashukela akuyona isimo esidelelayo, kepha kuyindlela yokuthola ukuvikelwa kwangempela kwezokwelapha nakwezenhlalo. Akudingekile ukulibala ukulungiswa kwesigaba sokungakwazi ukusebenza, ngoba ukuntuleka kosizo kungaholela ekuwohlokeni kwalesi simo kanye nezinkinga ezandayo.
