Abantu abaningi ngokwengeziwe bafuna ukwelashwa ngezimpawu zesifo sikashukela. Isibalo seziguli ezingasoli ngisho nokuthi sinalesi sifo siyakhula, futhi zifunda ngalesi sifo ngengozi lapho zivivinywa noma ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Ukuze uzivikele ekuqhamukeni kwalesi sifo, kubalulekile ukwenza izindlela zokuvimbela, kepha uma kwenzeka isifo sikashukela, ukwelashwa kufanele kuqale ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma uhlobo 1 lwesifo sikashukela lubhekwa ngokuningiliziwe, umehluko phakathi kwawo ubalulekile, futhi izindlela ezihlukile ziyadingeka ekuvimbeleni nasekwelashweni. Ukuqonda okungcono, senza incazelo yokuqhathanisa yezinhlobo ezimbili zesifo esisodwa.
Siyini isifo sikashukela
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus sibonisa ukumunca okungenamsoco we-carbohydrate, ebandakanyeka kuzo zonke izinqubo zamandla emzimbeni - ushukela. Ngasikhathi sinye, kukhona ukunyuka okuqhubekayo kwesilinganiso sawo egazini, ngenxa yalokho ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwezitho kuphazamiseka, kuhlushwa ukuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba, ukungalingani kwenzeka emafutheni omzimba namaprotheni, nokuqukethwe okujwayelekile kwamaminerali nosawoti.
Ilawula okuqukethwe okwejwayelekile kwe-glucose egazini kanye nokulethwa kwayo ngesikhathi kwezicubu nangaphakathi kwamangqamuzana ama-hormone amaseli we-beta we-pancreas - insulin. Nguye okwazi ukwandisa ukuvuleka kwodonga lweseli lwe-glucose, kusebenze ama-enzyme athile emgodini wokugaya ukudla, okwazi ukudiliza ukudla okuholelayo kube ushukela. Ngaphansi kwesenzo se-insulin, izinto ezisebenza ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwamaseli nama-organelles awo ayasebenza, abhekene nomthwalo we-metabolism wale carbox kanye nokukhishwa kwamandla.
Ngokuthuthuka kwalesi sifo, umsebenzi wamaseli we-pancreas ungancipha, okuholela ekwehlekeni kokuxineka kwe-insulin kwiplasma yegazi. Ngemuva kokudla ngakunye, izinga likashukela liyakhuphuka futhi lihlale liphezulu isikhathi eside, okubangela ubunzima.
Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ukuzivikela emiphumeleni ye-insulin kuthuthuke izicubu zomzimba. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukwanda kancane kancane kweglucose egazini kuyabonakala, ngoba ngaphandle kokusabela ngokufinyelela kwe-insulin glucose esitokisini kuvaliwe.
Ukuhlukaniswa
Lezi zimo ezilandelayo zihambisana namazinga kashukela egazi aphezulu:
- i-prediabetes - isimo esingaphambi kwesifo sikashukela, kuyilapho amazinga kashukela egazi agcinwa ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo ejwayelekile. Lesi simo sivezwa ukuba khona kwezinto eziningana (i-glucosuria, ukukhuluphala, isifo se-gout, isifo sesibindi, i-bile duct, isifo se-pancreatic), esingadala ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo, ngakho-ke, ukugwema lesi sifo, kuyaphuthuma ukuba singafaki lezi zinto;
- isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa - senzeka ngemuva kwesizinda sokukhulelwa, ngalesi sikhathi, umzimba wowesifazane uyahlelwa kabusha futhi ezinye izitho zangaphakathi azikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wazo ngokugcwele. Lesi simo sibonisa ngokushintshwa kwesikhashana kokubekezelelwa kwe-glucose komzimba, okuthi ngemuva kokuxazululwa kokukhulelwa kudlule ngaphandle kokulandela;
- Uhlobo 1 isifo sikashukela - kuncike ku-insulin, ngoba kwenzeka ngenxa yokukhiqizwa okungaphelele kwe-insulin yi-pancreas. Lolu hlobo lungatholakala njengefa futhi lutholakale. Inketho yokuqala ingazibonakalisa isencane ebuntwaneni futhi idinga ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo, bese okwesibili kwenzeka kakhulu kubantu abadala ngemuva kwezifo noma ukulimala komzimba okuthola i-insulin, ngenkathi ukwelashwa kungenzeka ngaphandle kokuthatha izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela;
- Uhlobo 2 isifo sikashukela - isifo esivame ukwenzeka kakhulu futhi sitholakala kubantu abakhuluphele abadla ngokweqile ama-carbohydrate. Ngasikhathi sinye, kukhona ukukhiqizwa okwanele kwe-insulin, okungenzeka kunganele ngokwenqubo evamile yeglue. Lesi simo asincike enanini le-insulin, ukudla okusebenzayo kuzosiza ukuthuthukisa ushukela wegazi.
Umehluko ohlelweni lokuthuthukiswa kohlobo 1 nohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela
Uma ucubungula inqubo yokuvela kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nohlobo 2, kuyadingeka ukubheka izici ezithile zazo. Ukuqonda ukuthi lesi sifo sikhula futhi siqhamuka kanjani, kungenzeka ukuthi kwenziwe izindlela zokuvimbela nokwelapha okuhloswe ngazo ukuqeda noma ukubambezela ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kohlobo 1 lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 nokungafani kwabo:
- ukwenzeka kwe-pathology kohlobo lokuqala ukunciphisa umsebenzi wokuhlanganisa ama-pancreas. Lo mphumela ungaba khona ebuntwaneni, lapho kuba nokuqagela (izihlobo ezisondelene nalesi sifo). Amaseli we-pancreatic aqothula ukungatheleleki kwezifo zomuntu, okuholela ekuncipheni kwezincithakalo ezenziwe nge-insulin gland. Futhi, isimo esinjalo singenzeka kubantu abadala abaye bangeniswa mumps, i-pancreatitis, i-mononucleosis, i-lupus erythematosus nezinye izifo eziguqula ukusebenza kwamasosha omzimba. Esinye isizathu sokwakhiwa kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 kuhlehliswa kokungenelela kokuhlinzwa kumanyikwe, lapho kususwe ingxenye enkulu yamanyikwe;
- isifo sikashukela mellitus uhlobo lwesibili kuvame ukwenzeka ngokungemuva kwesisindo somzimba ngokweqile, kanye nokungahambelani nokudla okunempilo. Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwama-carbohydrate asheshayo kuholela ekukhuleni okukhulu ekupheleleni kwezicubu ze-adipose emzimbeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-pancreas isebenza ngemodi ethuthukisiwe, futhi lokhu kuthuthukisa ukukhula kokumelana kwezicubu zomzimba emiphumeleni ye-insulin, kanye nokuwohloka kancane kancane kwamanyikwe uqobo. Ezikhathini zokuqala, lesi simo singasinxephezelwa ngokwelashwa kokudla, kepha uma unganamatheli kuso, kuyodingeka ukuthi ujwayele ukujova insulin nsuku zonke. Lolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela luvame ukuthinteka kubantu abadala, kodwa ezweni lanamuhla ngokuthuthuka kokuthandwa kokudla okugcwele ama-carbohydrate asheshayo, izingane ziya ngokuya zihlupheka ukukhuluphala, okuthi kamuva kube yisifo sikashukela.
Uhlobo lokudla okunempilo ebuntwaneni lungasebenza njengesiqalo ekuthuthukisweni kwesifo sikashukela ezinganeni. Endabeni yokwenqaba ukuncelisa ibele nokufakwa esikhundleni ubisi lwebele olusezingeni eliphansi, kunengozi enkulu yokuba nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 ezinganeni. Futhi esikhathini sokukhula (esindala kuneminyaka emithathu), ukutholwa kwamaswidi kanye nokungagcinwa kokudla okudingekayo kwengane kungaholela ekwakhiweni kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Imikhuba emibi, ukudla ngokweqile, impilo yokuphila nje, ukuhlala njalo umsebenzi, ukuhamba okungajwayelekile kungaholela ekwakhiweni kohlobo lwesibili sikashukela. Ukuhlala emoyeni omusha ngaphansi kwemisebe yelanga kuyacunula ukukhiqizwa kwe-Vitamin D, futhi lapho kuncipha, ukuzwela kwezicubu ukungena kwe-insulin kuyancipha. Lokhu kuphakamisa ukuthi indawo okuyo ingahle iholele engcupheni eyandayo yokuba nesifo sikashukela. Abantu abahlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho ethe xaxa bathambekele ekwakheni lolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela.
Umehluko ezimpawu zesifo sikashukela
Ukutadisha izimpawu zesifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala nesesibili, ungathola okuningi okufanayo. Izici ezejwayelekile zifaka okulandelayo:
- Ukoma ngokweqile - ngenkathi kunganciphi, noma ngabe uvame ukuphuza amanzi. Lesi simo sikhombisa ushukela omkhulu wegazi kanye nokwephulwa kwemali esele kasawoti.
- Ukuchama ngokushesha - kuholela ekulahlekelweni okwandayo kwamanzi, amaminerali kanye nezinto zokulandela umkhaza ezibandakanya amandla e-metabolism ngaphakathi kwamaseli ngumzimba.
- Umuzwa wokungondleki noma ukulamba - zombili lezi zinhlobo zikashukela zihambisana nalesi sibonakaliso.
- Ukukhathala, ubuthakathaka, ukungaphatheki kahle - imbangela yalezi zimpawu kungaba yindlala yobuchopho, ngoba i-glucose ingumkhiqizo wokudla oyinhloko wezicubu zezinzwa.
Izici ezihlukanisayo zingabhekwa kuhlu elilandelayo.
Uhlobo lwe-1 no-Type 2 sikashukela i-mellitus singahambisana namazinga afanayo we-glucose ku-serum yegazi, engaphambanisa ukutholakala kwesifo ngaphandle kwekhono lokuqhuba izindlela ezifanele zocwaningo. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukuthembela kulwazi nolwazi lukadokotela, okufanele anqume uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela ngokubonakaliswa komtholampilo.
Umehluko ekwelashweni
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kohlobo lokuqala lwalesi sifo kusuka kwesesibili ukuthi esimweni sesibili, kuyenzeka ukwelapha lesi sifo kusezigabeni zokuqala lapho kulandelwa zonke izincomo zikadokotela. Endabeni yohlobo lokuqala lwe-pathology, ukwelashwa akunakwenzeka. Kodwa ezigulini ezinjalo, izindlela zenziwa ngenkuthalo ukuze kulondolozwe ngempumelelo i-glucose ejwayelekile egazini.
Ukwelashwa kwe-pathology yohlobo lokuqala kuqukethe ukulondolozwa kokudla, ukuthatha izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela, isenzo sabo kuhloswe ngaso ukuvuselela ama-pancreas, kanye nokwelashwa okubuyiselwa okunye ngemithi ye-insulin.
Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kuqukethe ekugcineni ukuthi kudliwe kahle futhi kusebenza ngempumelelo okuhlose ukunciphisa isisindo somzimba, ukugcina indlela yokuphila esebenzayo, futhi kwezinye izimo kusetshenziswa umuthi. Isenzo sezidakamizwa ezithathwe ngesifo sikashukela sihlose ukukhulisa ukuvama kwodonga lweseli lwe-insulin neglucose.
Isiphetho
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi kuphela isimo sengqondo sokuzibophezela empilweni yomuntu, ukunamathela njalo ekudleni, nokugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo futhi esebenzayo kuzosiza ukugwema ukuvela kwezinkinga ezinkulu zesifo. Uma kwenzeka kuba nesifo sohlobo lwesibili, qeda le nkinga ngokuphelele.
