I-glucose ingeyeqembu lama-monosaccharides, okungukuthi, ushukela olulula. Umuthi, njenge-fructose, unefomula C6H12O6. Zombili lezi zinto zingama-isomers futhi zihlukile kwezinye ngokuhlelwa kwendawo.
IGlucose ngesiGreek isho "ushukela wamagilebhisi", kepha awutholi kuphela kumagilebhisi uqobo, kodwa nakwezinye izithelo ezimnandi noju. IGlucose yakhiwa ngenxa ye-photosynthesis. Emzimbeni womuntu, into etholakala ngamanani amakhulu kunamanye amashukela alula.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-monosaccharides asele adliwa ukudla aguqulwa esibindini abe ushukela, okuyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yegazi.
Kubalulekile! Ngisho nokushoda kancane kwe-glucose kungadala ukuthi umuntu abe nokuquleka, amukele phansi, aze afe.
I-glucose njengeyunithi yesakhiwo ibamba iqhaza ekwakhekeni kwama-polysaccharides, ngqo:
- isitashi;
- glycogen;
- iselula.
Uma ingena emzimbeni womuntu, ushukela kanye ne-fructose zidonswa ngokushesha kusuka emkhondweni wokugaya ukudla ungene egazini, elibathwala kuzo zonke izitho nezicubu.
Ukusabalalisa, ushukela ukhipha i-adenosine triphosphoric acid, enikeza umuntu i-50% yawo wonke amandla adingekayo empilweni.
Ngokuwohloka okukhulu komzimba, ushukela usetshenziswa njengomuthi osizayo:
- ukunqoba izimpawu zokuphelelwa ngamandla noma noma yikuphi ukudakwa;
- qinisa diuresis;
- ukusekela umsebenzi wesibindi, inhliziyo;
- buyisela amandla;
- ukunciphisa izimpawu zokugayeka kokucanuzela: isicanucanu, ukugabha, isifo sohudo.
Ukubaluleka kwe-glucose yemetabolism efanelekile ye-carbohydrate
Wonke ama-carbohydrate asemzimbeni aphulwe abe ushukela. Enye ingxenye yalo igxiliselwa emgudwini wegazi ojwayelekile, enye iguqulwa ibe yindawo ethile yamandla - i-glycogen, okuthi uma kudingeka iphinde yehlukaniswe neglucose.
Emhlabeni wezitshalo, isitashi sidlala indima yalesi siqiwi. Ngalesi sizathu, abanesifo sikashukela akufanele badle imifino nezithelo eziqukethe isitashi esiningi. Yize isiguli singazidlanga amaswidi, wavele wadla kumazambane athosiwe - izinga loshukela egazini lakhe lenyuka kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isitashi siphenduke ushukela.
IGlycogen polysaccharide itholakala kuwo wonke amaseli nezitho zomzimba womuntu. Kepha izinqolobane zayo eziphambili zikwisibindi. Uma kunesidingo sokwenyusa izindleko zamandla, i-glycogen, ukuthola amandla, yehle ibe ushukela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kunokuntuleka komoya-mpilo, ukuwohloka kwe-glycogen kwenzeka eceleni kwendlela ye-anaerobic (ngaphandle kokubandakanya i-oxygen). Le nqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yenzeka ngaphansi kwethonya lama-catalysts ayi-11 akwi-cytoplasm yamaseli. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngaphezu kwe-glucose, i-lactic acid iyakhiwa bese kukhululwa amandla.
I-hormone insulin, elawula ushukela wegazi, ikhiqizwa amaseli we-pancreatic beta cell. Kodwa-ke, isilinganiso sokuwohloka kwamafutha ngaphansi kwethonya le-insulin sincipha.
Yini esisongela ukuntuleka kweglucose emzimbeni
Namuhla kunoma iyiphi ikhemisi ungathenga i-glucometer. Ngalesi sixhobo esihle kakhulu, abantu banethuba lokulinganisa amazinga kashukela egazini ngaphandle kokushiya ikhaya.
Isikhombi esingaphansi kuka-3.3 mmol / L esiswini esingenalutho sibhekwa njengesincishisiwe futhi yisimo se-pathological esibizwa nge-hypoglycemia. I-Hypoglycemia ingabangelwa izifo ezingamahlalakhona zezinso, i-adrenal gland, isibindi, amanyikwe, i-hypothalamus, noma umsoco nje.
Izimpawu ze-hypoglycemia:
- Umuzwa wendlala.
- Ukuthuthumela nobuthakathaka emilenzeni.
- I-Tachycardia.
- Ukuhlukumezeka kwengqondo.
- Ukwehla okukhulu kwemizwa.
- Ukwesaba ukufa.
- Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi (i-hypoglycemic coma).
Iziguli ezine-hypoglycemia yemvelo kufanele njalo ziphathe uswidi noma ucezu kashukela nazo.
Uma kuvela kuphela izimpawu zokuqala ze-hypoglycemia, lobu bumnandi kufanele budliwe ngokushesha.
I-Hyperglycemia
Ukweqisa ushukela egazini akuyona ingozi kangako. Vele, wonke umuntu uyazi lesi sifo esikhohlisayo sikashukela, kodwa hhayi wonke umuntu oqonda yonke ingozi yalesi sifo.
Kuyadingeka ukuthatha izinyathelo uma izinga likashukela lokuzila lingama-6 mmol / l nangaphezulu.
Ezinye izinkomba zokuthola isifo sikashukela:
- Isifiso esingaqondakali.
- Ukoma okungapheli.
- Ukuchama kaningi.
- Ukuqina kwamalunga.
- I-Lethargy.
- Ukwehla kwesisindo okungazelelwe.
Ngokudabukisayo, ngesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, kwenzeka okulandelayo: kune-glucose eningi kakhulu egazini, futhi amangqamuzana nezicubu kuyasilela.
Lokhu kungenxa yezinkinga nge-insulin. Uhlobo 1 no-2 sikashukela kuyingozi kakhulu kubantu ngenxa yezinkinga zalo, okuvame ukuholela ekufeni.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kokukhetha, abantu kufanele badle kahle futhi baphile impilo enempilo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ungathola ubumpumputhe, i-nephropathy, ukulimala emithanjeni yobuchopho kanye namaphethelo aphansi, kuze kufike eqenjini le-gangrene nasekuqunjweni okwengeziwe.
