I-Polyneuropathy yemikhawulo ephansi iyisilonda sobuningi bezintambo zezinzwa. Lesi sifo sibonakaliswa ukukhubazeka kwemilenze ehlukanisayo, ukungabi namandla kokuthinteka lapho kuthintwa futhi kuvezwa amazinga okushisa, kanye nokunye ukuphazamiseka kwemikhawulo engezansi.
Ngalesi sifo, izinzwa ezibhekele ukuhamba nokuzwela ziyathinteka, kanye nezindawo ezikude zama-neurons ezisezinyaweni. Izici nokushuba kwezimpawu kuncike ohlotsheni lwesifo.
Izinhlobo ze-polyneuropathy
Kunezinhlobo ezinjalo zokugula:
- Ukuvuvukala - imbangela yokubukeka ukuvuvukala okunamandla okwenzeka emithanjeni yezinzwa;
- I-Traumatic - ivele ngemuva kokulimala okuhlukahlukene, njengasesithombeni;
- Ubuthi - imbangela yokuvela kungubuthi bomzimba ngenye yezinto ezinobuthi (ngokwesibonelo, i-altait);
- Ama-polyneuropathies we-allergic asemaphethelweni aphansi - aqhamuka ngenxa yokwephulwa kwemisebenzi yomzimba yokuzivikela.
Nakani! I-polyneuropathy ingaba yingozi noma ihlala iqinile, i-axonal (kulokhu i-axial silyl ye-nerve fiber ithinteke) kanye ne-demyelinating (ivela ngenxa yezinguquko ze-pathological kulwelwesi lwama-neurons).
Ngefomu elingamahlalakhona, lesi sifo sikhula kancane. Kepha futhi angathuthuka ngokushesha okukhulu, asuke ngokushesha ohlelweni lwe-peripheral to the central system system.
Izimbangela ze-polyneuropathy
Isifo singakhula ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto eziningi, ngeshwa, akunakwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi ukusisungula.
Izizathu zokuthuthuka kwe-polyneuropathy ziningi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izifo ze-autoimmune (ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza kwamasosha omzimba avela ngenxa yokungalingani emzimbeni), izimboni (ukuhola), noma ukudakwa ngokudla okunezinhlobo ezingekho emthethweni neziphuzo eziqukethe utshwala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici ezithonya ukuqala kwalesi sifo yizimila, isimo sofuzo, zonke izinhlobo zezifo ezidala ukuvuvukala kwemicu yezinzwa.
Ezinye izizathu zokwanda kwe-polyneuropathy kungaba: ukusetshenziswa okungalawulwa kwezidakamizwa (i-penicillin, i-streptomycin, i-azaserin, njll.), Isibindi esingenawo amandla, izinso, amanyikwe, ukuntuleka kwamavithamini kanye nokugula kwe-endocrine (isifo sikashukela).
Kepha, njengomthetho, i-polyneuropathy yemilenze ivela lapho iminyango ye-distal yezinzwa ingeyokuqala ukuphendula ezenzweni ze-pathological ezenzeka ohlelweni.
Esinye isizathu sikuleqiniso lokuthi ama-neurons akude awunawo umqobo wobuchopho begazi.
Ngakho-ke, amagciwane ahlukahlukene kanye nokutheleleka kungangena kalula ekuxhumekeni kwe-nerve kusuka emfuleni wegazi.
Izimpawu
Nge-polyneuropathy, ukulimala kwemicu yama-tactile nama-neurons abhekele ukunyakaza kuyabonakala. Ama-pathologies avela ezithweni zezinzwa angabangelwa:
- umuzwa oncishisiwe
- ukuvuvukala ne-paresis (i-lethargy, ukukhubazeka komzimba),
- ubuthakathaka bemisipha.
Futhi, nge-polyneuropathy, izimpawu ezinjengokwehla noma ukuntuleka kwe-tendon reflexes kanye nokuqhuma kanye nobuhlungu obukhulu emithanjeni yangaphakathi kuyabonakala. Kodwa-ke, kunezimpawu ngendlela ye-paresthesia ne-goosebumps, kanye nokushintshwa kwe-gait ngenxa yokuhlanekezela kwemisipha ekhubazekile.
Kubalulekile! "I-gait gait" ingenye yezimpawu eziphambili ezivela lapho kungaphathwa khona i-polyneuropathy.
Ezigabeni zakamuva zokukhula kwalesi sifo, i-polyneuropathy yamaphethelo aphansi ibonakala ngokuthi izicubu zomzimba ngokuphelele, i-Guillain-Barré syndrome iba (ukukhubazeka kwemilenze, nangemva kwemisipha yokuphefumula), kuqhume nezilonda eziyizimbotshana, nazo ezisebenza njengezimpawu ezibalulekile zenkinga.
Ukuxilongwa
Lesi sifo sitholakala ngendlela ehlukile, lapho udokotela ehlaziya ngokucophelela zonke izimpawu ze-pathology, ngaleyo ndlela aqede ezinye izifo ezinezimpawu ezifanayo. I-Sensorimotor polyneuropathy nayo ingabonakala lapha.
Lapho uthola i-polyneuropathy, udokotela uqondiswa yizimpawu zomtholampilo, enaka zonke izimpawu.
Ngasikhathi sinye, udokotela wenza ukuhlolwa kwangaphandle, ahlole ukusabela futhi athole umlando wokuthola ifa (ngabe kukhona izifo ezifanayo ezihlotsheni eziseduze?), Ubheka ngokucophelela zonke izimpawu.
Ngokuqhubeka ngokushesha kwesifo nokusola ifomu elinamandla, noma uma i-sensorimotor polyneuropathy iba khona, udokotela ubuza isiguli ukuthi imiphi imikhiqizo nemikhiqizo isiguli esetshenzisile.
Indlela yokuhlonza insimbi
Izindlela ezinjalo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokuxilonga izinsimbi:
- i-biopsy
- ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-biochemical;
- i-palpation yemithambo yezinzwa ukuthola izindikimba emithanjeni yezinzwa, okubonisa isici esivela ekuzuzweni kwalesi sifo
- i-radiography;
- i-electroneuromyography - yenziwa ukunquma ijubane le-ishayela;
- ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultra kwezitho zangaphakathi;
- ukutadisha okukhombisa ukukhalipha;
- Ukuhlaziywa kwe-cerebrospinal fluid (i-cerebrospinal fluid).
Ukwelashwa
Ukwelashwa kwe-polyneuropathy, njengazo zonke izifo ezihambisana nohlelo lwezinzwa, kuyinkimbinkimbi. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukahlukene.
Endabeni yefomu lesibili (isifo sikashukela, i-thyroid pathology) khona-ke ukwelashwa kubekelwa imbangela yokuqala yomonakalo we-neuronal.
Ekwelashweni kwe-polyneuropathy eyinhloko, kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa ezilandelayo:
- Ukuvuselela imisipha (baclofen);
- kusho ukuthi ukulungiselela inqubo yokuqhutshwa kokudonsa izindondo;
- ipanipelepele;
- izidakamizwa ze-hormonal (glucocorticosteroids);
- ama-anesthetics (okhilimu aqukethe i-lidocaine);
- amavithamini;
- ama-analgesics;
- ama-anticonvulsants (gabalentin);
- antidepressants.
Esimweni sefomu elinobuthi lesi sifo, udokotela unquma i-plasmophoresis (inqubo yokuhlanza igazi).
Ukwelashwa komzimba
Ukwelashwa kwe-polyneuropathy engalapheki futhi ifa yinqubo ende equkethe izigaba eziningi.
Imithi isekelwa ngezindlela zomzimba, ezinjenge-physiotherapy (ukugcina ithoni yemisipha isesimweni) ne-magnetotherapy, lapho amandla kazibuthe athunyelwa ezindaweni eziyinkinga emaphethelweni aphansi.
Futhi, ukwelashwa kuhambisana nokukhuthaza kagesi, i-reflexology, ukugcotshwa kwesifo sikashukela kunqunyelwe. Kwesinye isikhathi udokotela unikeza isiguli ukudla, lapho kwenqatshelwe ukudla i-carbohydrate, okunamafutha.
Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kanye nasendaweni yokululama, isiguli akufanele sibheme futhi siphuze amaphilisi neziphuzo ezinomphumela ovusa amadlingozi nojabulisayo.
Nakani! Ngokulashwa okufika ngesikhathi futhi okuphelele, i-prognosis ingathandeka kakhulu.
Okuhlukile ukwelashwa kohlobo lwamadlozi lwefa le-polyneuropathy. Kulokhu, lesi sifo asikwazi ukususwa ngokuphelele, kepha ubunzima bezimpawu nobunzima bezimpawu bungadanjiswa.
Izindlela zokuvimbela
Izindlela zokuvimbela azibalulekile kangako kunokwelashwa futhi kuhloswe ngazo ukuqeda izinto ezingaba nomthelela oqondile kumonakalo we-neuronal.
Ukuze uvimbele i-polyneuropathy, kuyadingeka ukwelapha ngesikhathi izifo ezithinta ngaphakathi kanye nezifo, futhi futhi ungaphuzi iziphuzo eziqukethe utshwala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela batusa ukusebenzisa ama-ejenti avikelayo lapho esebenza ngezakhi ezinobuthi, ungasebenzisi kabi izidakamizwa (ungathathi izidakamizwa ngaphandle kadokotela) futhi ubheke ikhwalithi yokudla okuphuzwayo.
Njengomthetho, akunakwenzeka ukuvimbela i-polyneuropathy. Kodwa-ke, ngezimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo, ungaxhumana nodokotela ngokushesha. Ngenxa yalokhu, isikhathi sokwelashwa okulandelayo sizoncishiswa kakhulu, futhi nengozi yezinkinga ezingezinhle izoncishiswa kakhulu.
