I-mellitus yesifo sikashukela enganciki i-insulin (ebizwa nangokuthi isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2) yisifo se-metabolic esibonakala ngokwanda okungapheli koshukela wegazi. Izimbangela zokwephulwa okunjalo kumele zifunwe ekukhiqizeni okunganele kwe-insulin ye-hormone noma ukumelana kwamangqamuzana omzimba emiphumeleni yako.
Ngenxa yalokhu, i-glucose ayikwazi ukungena kumaseli, ukugxila kwayo egazini kukhuphuke kumamaki angamukeleki, ukulimala kwezitho zangaphakathi nezinhlelo kwenzeka. Ekuqaleni kwesifo, i-insulin ye-hormone ingakhiqizwa ngevolumu ejwayelekile noma ngisho nangesilinganiso esandayo.
Imvamisa lolu hlobo lokuphazamiseka kwemetabolism lubizwa ngokuthi isifo sabantu asebekhulile, ngoba senzeka kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-40. Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 siyinkinga evamile yabantu abakhuluphele ngokweqile, futhi ngokugula, isisindo siyaqhubeka nokukhula.
Uma kutholakala ukuthi isifo sikashukela esingeyona i-insulin, ushukela unqwabelana egazini, umfutho wegazi uyenyuka, umzimba uzama ukukhipha ushukela ezinso, ngenkathi unciphisa inani lama-electrolyte. Isiguli sizoba nezimpawu: i-arrhythmia, ukusonteka kwemisipha, umlomo owomile.
Izimbangela zesimo se-pathological zihlukahlukene kakhulu, akuyona nje ukukhulupha nokukhuluphala ngokweqile. Ezinye izinto ezisongela ushukela zifaka:
- ifa;
- izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane;
- ukucindezela
- izinguquko ezihlobene nobudala;
- isifo se-pancreatic;
- ukuphazamiseka kwe-hormonal.
Abantu abanesifo sikashukela babhekene nezinkinga ezahlukahlukene, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi isiyezi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusungula izimbangela ngqo zalesi simo, ukuthola izindlela zokukuvikela.
Izimbangela zesiyezi
Zonke izinhlobo zezinto zingadala isiyezi kwisifo sikashukela esinga-insulin. Isizathu esiyinhloko kwesinye isikhathi siba umthamo obalwe ngokungafanele we-insulin, ngaphandle kwalapho abanesifo sikashukela bengakwazi ukwenza ngisho nohlobo lwesibili lwesifo.
Isiyezi singase sihlotshaniswe ne-hypoglycemia, isimo lapho kunokwehla okusheshayo kokuxineka kweglucose egazini, okubangelwa ukungeneli okwanele kwama-carbohydrate.
Ngakho-ke inhloko ngokwayo iyabhebhetheka ezigulini ezisebenzisa umuthi othile, isiyezi sizoba ukusabela okuhlukile ekwelashweni.
Ubuthakathaka obujwayelekile, ukuhlaselwa isiyezi kuvusa ukushoda kashukela, ngoba kuphela ngokuhlinzekelwa kweglucose okuqhubekayo:
- ubuchopho busebenza ngokucacile:
- izitho nezinhlelo kusebenza kahle.
Izimpawu ezinjengesiyezi zenzeka nezinga lokuncipha kwengcindezi yegazi, i-arrhythmias, izimo eziphindaphindayo ezicindezelayo, ukuzizwa kwenhliziyo kanye nokukhathala okwandayo. Konke lokhu kungatshela udokotela mayelana nokuba khona kwesiguli i-neuropathy yesifo sikashukela.
Ngokuhluleka kwe-pancreas ukufaka inani elithile le-insulin inani elifanele, i-hyperglycemia iyakhula, ngamanye amagama, lokhu kungukuqina kwamasosha omzimba. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukwanda koshukela wegazi kuba okungenakugwenywa.
Nge-hyperglycemia, ukomisa komzimba, ukuguquguquka kwe-metabolism kohlobo lwe-anaerobic akubekelwe. Ukuhlinzekwa kwe-glycogen kuncishiswa kancane kancane, ukuhlanganiswa kokushintsha kokunyakaza, ubuthakathaka kanye nesiyezi kukhula. Lesi simo sigcwala iminyakazo yomsipha, izinhlungu, izimbangela kufanele zifunwe ekuqongeleleni i-lactic acid.
Kubalulekile ukuthi onesifo sikashukela ayiqonde kahle imiphumela edabukisayo yesiyezi, azi izindlela zokubhekana nezimpawu zesifo, futhi azi ukuthi aqeda kanjani izimpawu zokuqala zokuncipha koshukela. Kuyadingeka ukubonana nodokotela, ukuthola imbangela yokwephulwa, funda ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani ukuntuleka kweglucose egazini. Uma uzizwa unesiyezi, kungadingeka ukuthi ufake umjovo ngokuphuthumayo we-glucagon.
Enye ingxenye ye-hyperglycemia yi-ketoacidosis, isimo esivame ukwenzeka ngokulawula okungafani noshukela. Ngokuntuleka kweglucose, umzimba womuntu:
- ukuphihliza imithombo yamafutha;
- ikhiqiza imizimba ye-ketone ngenkuthalo.
Ukugcwala ngokweqile kwemizimba ye-ketone kuzobangela ukwanda kwezinga le-acidity yegazi, izimpawu ezivusa amandla: ubuthakathaka, isicanucanu, ukuhlaselwa ukoma, ukusebenza ngokweqile, umbono ongekho kahle. Kukhona nephunga elivelayo le-acetone ephuma emlonyeni kushukela.
Ukuze ubeke eceleni i-ketoacidosis, kuyadingeka ukuthi ujwayele i-insulin njalo, ukubuyisa ibhalansi yamanzi. Ezimweni eziningi, isifo sikashukela esinga-insulin sibangela isiyezi hhayi kuphela, singahanjiswa futhi nobuthakathaka, izindlebe ezinamalebe, nokuba mnyama emehlweni. Lezi zimpawu zidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile, zingahlotshaniswa nesimo esandayo, kube yisiqalo sesifo sikashukela.
Uma usola i-ketoacidosis, kufanele ushayele iqembu le-ambulensi, ukuzelapha esimweni esinjalo kugcwele izinkinga nokufa.
Izindlela ezidingekayo zesiyezi
Lapho isiyezi nobuthakathaka kwisifo sikashukela kubangelwa ukwehla ngokushesha kwamazinga kashukela, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo eziphuthumayo ukusiza ukugcina impilo yomuntu. Okokuqala udinga ukudla ukudla okumnandi noma ukuphuza itiye noshukela, faka i-compress ebandayo ebunzini likashukela, ugcobe indwangu yekotini kusisombululo seviniga. Ngemuva kwalokhu, isiguli sibekwa phansi noma ngaphesheya kombhede.
Isifo sikashukela singadinga ukuthi siphuze imishanguzo ekhethekile ukulungisa isimo, siqede ubuthakathaka: I-Motilium, Cinnarizine. Ngaphansi kwesimo sokunakekelwa kwempilo okungalindelekile, isiguli singasheshe siphelelwe amandla futhi siwe ubuthongo, lapho kunzima kakhulu ukuphuma khona.
Esimweni lapho kuduma khona ikhefu, i-ambulensi ibizwa ngokuphuthumayo, umuntu onesifo sikashukela udinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela. Izinguquko emazingeni we-glycemia, isiyezi singavinjelwa ngenxa yokunamathela ngokuqinile ekudleni.
Kwisifo sikashukela:
- kwenqatshelwe ukuphuza utshwala, ikofi eqinile yemvelo, itiye elimnyama;
- kufanele uyeke umkhuba wokubhema ugwayi.
Kuboniswa ukubheka njalo ukudla, ungalayishi ngokweqile, khetha umsebenzi owanele womzimba.
Ezemidlalo zibalulekile, kodwa kuya ngaphansi kokuqashwa yi-endocrinologist.
Izindlela zokwelapha
Ngokuhlaselwa kwesifo sikashukela okungaxuthi ne-insulin nokugula kwesiyezi, iziguli kufanele ziphile impilo enempilo, zinamathele ekudleni okuthile, zibandakanye nemfundo yomzimba.
Akumele sikhohlwe ngokugcina ibhalansi yamanzi eqhubekayo, lokhu kuzosiza ukuqeda ukomisa.
Ezinhlelweni zokuqeda ama-acid zemvelo emzimbeni, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi anele kudlala indima ebalulekile.
Njengoba ukukhiqizwa kwe-bicarbonate emzimbeni womuntu kuhlala kuza kuqala, lapho kuthunyelwa kwisifo sikashukela ngokumelene nokuphelelwa ngamandla, ukuvikelwa kwe-insulin kuvinjelwe kakhulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-hormone iba enganele, ushukela wegazi uyenyuka.
Amanzi anomthelela ekungeneni okuhle kwe-glucose kumaseli, wonke izicubu zomzimba womuntu. Ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela izinkinga nge-glycemia nesiyezi, hhayi i-insulin kuphela, kodwa futhi nesilinganiso esanele soketshezi kubalulekile.
Amaseli abunjwe kakhulu ngamanzi, ingxenye yawo esetshenziselwa ukwenza i-bicarbonate ngesikhathi sokudla, kanti enye ingxenye iyadingeka ukuze kufakwe izakhamzimba. Ngakho-ke kuphakama:
- ukuntuleka kwe-insulin;
- ukungasebenzi okwanele kwe-hormone ngumzimba.
Ukuze ulondoloze ibhalansi efanelekile yamanzi, kufanele ukhumbule imithetho embalwa elula. Njalo ekuseni, ama-400 ml amanzi ahlanziwe ngaphandle kwegesi kufanele adliwe esiswini esingenalutho, njengoba enza ngaphambi kokudla ngakunye. Kuyadingeka ukulahla utshwala, itiye elinamandla, ikofi, iziphuzo ezinjalo kuthinta kabi umzimba wesifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala nolwesibili. Kungamanzi ahlanzekile akhonjiswa ngokuzuzisa emzimbeni, avimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo eziningi eziyingozi, izimo, ubuthakathaka kanye nesiyezi esivamile, kufaka phakathi.
Imininingwane ngezimpawu zesifo sikashukela esingancikileli i-insulin izachazwa ngochwepheshe kule vidiyo ekulesi sihloko.
