Isifo sikashukela isifo sikashukela yisifo esikhula ohlelweni lwe-endocrine, esivezwa ngokwanda koshukela wegazi lomuntu kanye nokuntuleka kwe-insulin okungapheli.
Lesi sifo siholela ekwephuleni ukusebenza kwe-carbohydrate, amaprotheni namafutha. Ngokwezibalo, izinkomba zezehlakalo zesifo sikashukela ziyanda minyaka yonke. Lesi sifo sithinta abantu abangaphezulu kwamaphesenti ayi-10 abantu abavela emazweni ehlukene emhlabeni.
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus senzeka lapho i-insulin inganele ngokwanele ukulawula amazinga kashukela. I-insulin yi-hormone ekhiqizwa kumanyikwe okuthiwa ama-islets of Langerhans.
Le hormone ngqo ibahlanganyeli ku-carbohydrate, amaprotheni kanye nama-metabolism wamafutha ezithweni zomuntu. I-carbohydrate metabolism incike ekutholeni ushukela kumaseli wezicubu.
I-insulin isebenze ekukhiqizeni ushukela futhi ikhuphule izitolo ezinoshukela ngokukhiqiza i-glycogen carbohydrate complements ekhethekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-insulin isiza ukuvimbela ukuwohloka kwe-carbohydrate.
I-insulin ithinta umzimba wamaprotheni ngokuyinhloko ngokuthuthukisa ukukhishwa kwamaprotheni, ama-nucleic acid kanye nokuvimbela ukuwohloka kwamaprotheni.
I-insulin isebenza njenge-conductor ye-glucose esebenzayo kumaseli wamafutha, ithuthukisa ukukhishwa kwezinto ezinamafutha, ivumela amaseli wezicubu ukuthola amandla adingekayo futhi ivimbele ukuwohloka okusheshayo kwamaseli wamafutha. Ukufaka le hormone kufaka isandla ekungeneni kwezicubu zeselula ze-sodium.
Imisebenzi esebenzayo ye-insulin ingakhubazeka uma umzimba uhlangabezana nokushoda okukuwo ngesikhathi sokukhuculula, kanye nomphumela we-insulin kwizicubu zezitho zomzimba.
Ukuntuleka kwe-insulin kwezicubu zamaseli kungenzeka uma ama-pancreas ephazamiseka, okuholela ekubhujisweni kweziqhingi zeLangerhans. Yikuphi obhekele ukwenza kabusha i-hormone elahlekile.
Yini ebangela isifo sikashukela
Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 kwenzeka ngqo lapho kunokuntuleka kwe-insulin emzimbeni okubangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwama-pancreas, lapho kungaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-20 amangqamuzana izicubu akwazi ukusebenza ngokugcwele.
Isifo sohlobo lwesibili senzeka uma umphumela we-insulin ungasebenzi. Kulesi simo, kuba nesimo lapho kubhekiswa khona njengokuphikisana ne-insulin.
Lesi sifo sivezwa ngokuthi imvamisa ye-insulin esegazini ihlala njalo, noma kunjalo, ayisebenzi kuthinta izicubu kahle ngenxa yokulahlekelwa ukuzwela kwamangqamuzana.
Lapho kungekho-insulin ngokwanele egazini, ushukela awukwazi ukungena ngokuphelele esitokisini; ngenxa yalokho, lokhu kuholela ekhuphukeni okukhulu koshukela egazini. Ngenxa yokuvela kwezinye izindlela zokusebenzisa ushukela, i-sorbitol, i-glycosaminoglycan, i-hemoglobin ye-glycated itholana nezicubu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-sorbitol ivame ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhathalogi, iphazamise ukusebenza kwemikhumbi emincane yempi, futhi isuse uhlelo lwezinzwa. Ama-Glycosaminoglycans athinta amalunga nokulimaza impilo.
Okwamanje, ezinye izindlela zokufaka ushukela egazini azanele ukuthola inani eligcwele lamandla. Ngenxa yokwephulwa kwe-protein metabolism, ukwakheka kwezakhi zamaprotheni kuncishisiwe, futhi ukuwohloka kwamaprotheni kuyabonakala futhi.
Lokhu kuba yisizathu sokuthi umuntu abe nobuthakathaka bemisipha, futhi ukusebenza kwenhliziyo nemisipha yamathambo kukhubazekile. Ngenxa yokwanda kwe-peroxidation yamafutha nokuqongelela kwezinto ezinobuthi ezinobungozi, kwenzeka ukulimala kwemithambo. Ngenxa yalokho, izinga lemizimba ye-ketone esebenza njengemikhiqizo ye-metabolic iyanda egazini.
Izimbangela zesifo sikashukela
Izimbangela zesifo sikashukela kubantu zingaba yizinhlobo ezimbili:
- I-Autoimmune;
- I-Idiopathic.
Izimbangela zesifo sikashukela zihambisana nokusebenza kahle kwamasosha omzimba. Ngokuzivikela komzimba okubuthakathaka, ama-antibodies akhiwa emzimbeni alimaza amaseli ama-isanger we-Langerhans kuma-pancreas, anesibopho sokukhishwa kwe-insulin.
Inqubo ye-autoimmune yenzeka ngenxa yomsebenzi wezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, kanye nomphumela wesenzo se-pesticides, nitrosamines nezinye izinto ezinobuthi emzimbeni.
Izimbangela ze-Idiopathic kungaba noma yiziphi izinqubo ezihambisana nokuqala kwesifo sikashukela, ezikhula ngokuzimela.
Kungani kuvela isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2
Ohlelweni lwesibili lwesifo, imbangela ejwayelekile yesifo sikashukela iwukuthola ifa, kanye nokugcina impilo engenampilo nokuba khona kwezifo ezincane.
Izici zokwenziwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 yilezi:
- Isakhi sofuzo somuntu;
- Ngokweqile;
- Ukudla okungenampilo;
- Ukucindezelwa kaningi futhi okuhlala isikhathi eside;
- Ukuba khona kwe-atherosulinosis;
- Imithi
- Ukuba khona kwezifo;
- Isikhathi sokukhulelwa; umlutha wotshwala nokubhema.
Isakhi sofuzo somuntu. Lesi sizathu sihamba phambili phakathi kwazo zonke izinto ezingenzeka. Uma isiguli sinelungu lomndeni elinesifo sikashukela, kunengozi yokuthi isifo sikashukela senzeke ngenxa yofuzo olucashile.
Uma omunye wabazali enesifo sikashukela, ubungozi bokuthola lesi sifo ngamaphesenti angama-30, futhi uma ubaba nonina benaso lesi sifo, ngamaphesenti angama-60 ezimweni zikashukela ezitholwa ngumntwana. Uma ifa likhona, lingaqala ukuzibonakalisa ebusheni noma ebusheni.
Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuqapha ngokucophelela impilo yengane ene-genetic predisposition ukuze uvikele ukukhula kwesifo ngesikhathi. Lesi sifo sikashukela sitholakala maduze, sinciphisa nethuba lokuthi lokhu kugula kuzodluliselwa kubazukulu. Ungamelana nalesi sifo ngokubheka ukudla okuthile.
Ukhuluphele. Ngokwezibalo, lesi yisizathu sesibili esiholela ekukhuleni kwesifo sikashukela. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Ngokugcwala noma ngisho nokukhuluphala, umzimba wesiguli unenani elikhulu lezicubu ze-adipose, ikakhulukazi esiswini.
Izinkomba ezinjalo ziletha iqiniso lokuthi umuntu wehla nokuzwela emiphumeleni ye-insulin yezicubu zomzimba emzimbeni. Yilesi isizathu esenza ukuthi iziguli ezikhuluphele kakhulu zivame ukuthuthukisa isifo sikashukela. Ngakho-ke, kulabo bantu abanesimo sofuzo ekuqaleni kwesifo, kubalulekile ukubhekisisa indlela abadla ngayo futhi badle kuphela ukudla okwakhayo.
Ukungondleki. Uma ukudla kwesiguli kufaka inani elithile lama-carbohydrate ne-fiber kungabhekwa, lokhu kuholela ekukhuluphaleni, okwandisa ingozi yokuba nesifo sikashukela kubantu.
Ukucindezelwa kaningi futhi okuhlala isikhathi eside. Qaphela lapha amaphethini:
- Ngenxa yokuxinwa njalo nokuhlangenwe nakho kwengqondo egazini lomuntu, kuvela ukunqwabelana kwezinto ezinjenge-catecholamines, glucocorticoids, okuvusa ukubonakala kwesifo sikashukela esigulini.
- Ikakhulu ingozi yokuthola lesi sifo ikubo bantu abakhuphule isisindo somzimba kanye nesimo sofuzo.
- Uma kungekho zici zenjabulo ngenxa yenzalo, khona-ke ukuwohloka okungokomzwelo okunamandla kungadala isifo sikashukela, esidala izifo eziningana ngasikhathi sinye.
- Lokhu ekugcineni kungaholela ekunciphiseni kokuzwela kwe-insulin kwezicubu zomzimba zamaselula. Ngakho-ke, odokotela batusa ukuthi kuzo zonke izimo, gcina ukuzola okuphezulu futhi ungakhathazeki ngezinto ezincane.
Ukuba khona kwe-atherosulinosis isikhathi eside, umfutho wegazi we-arterial, isifo se-ischemic izinhliziyo. Ukugula isikhathi eside kuholela ekwehleni kokuzwela kwezicubu ze-cell ku-insulin ye-hormone.
Imithi. Eminye imishanguzo ingadala ushukela. Phakathi kwazo kukhona:
- okokugcoba
- ama-hormone okwenziwa kwe-glucocorticoid,
- ikakhulukazi i-thiazide diuretics,
- ezinye izidakamizwa ze-antihypertensive,
- izidakamizwa ze-antitumor.
Futhi, ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwanoma yiziphi izidakamizwa, ikakhulukazi ama-antibiotics, kuholela ekusetshenzisweni kabi kweshukela egazini, okubizwa ngokuthi yisifo sikashukela se-steroid.
Ukuba khona kwezifo. Izifo ze-Autoimmune ezifana nokugula okungapheli kwe-adrenal cortex yokungasebenzi noma i-autoimmune thyroiditis ingasenza sikashukela. Izifo ezithathelwanayo ziba yimbangela enkulu yokuqalwa kwalesi sifo, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezingane zesikole kanye nabasenkulisa, abavame ukugula.
Isizathu sokukhula kwesifo sikashukela i-mellitus ngenxa yokutheleleka, njengomthetho, isakhi sofuzo sezingane. Ngalesi sizathu, abazali, bazi ukuthi othile emndenini uphethwe yisifo sikashukela, kufanele ayinake impilo yengane ngangokunokwenzeka, angaqali ukwelashwa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo, futhi njalo wenza ukuhlolwa kweglucose yegazi.
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa. Lokhu kungadala ukukhula kwe-mellitus yesifo sikashukela uma izindlela zokuvimbela nezokwelashwa ezidingekayo zingathathwanga ngesikhathi. Ukukhulelwa ngale ndlela ngeke kuvuse ushukela, kuyilapho ukudla okungalinganiseli nokuqagela izakhi zofuzo kungenza ibhizinisi labo lokungabonakali.
Ngaphandle kokufika kwabesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, udinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela ukudla futhi ungavumeli ukuluthwa ngokweqile kokudla okunamafutha. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi ungakhohlwa ukuhola impilo esebenzayo futhi wenze izivivinyo ezikhethekile kwabesifazane abakhulelwe.
Umlutha wotshwala nokubhema. Imikhuba emibi nayo ingadlala iqhinga esigulini futhi ivuse ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela. Iziphuzo eziqukethe utshwala zibulala amaseli we-beta we-pancreas, okuholela ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo.
