Ebantwini, i-pancreas itholakala engxenyeni ephezulu yesibeletho sakhe. Isitho singesinye sezihluthulelo emzimbeni wonke, ngoba yiwo lo gland okhiqiza ama-enzymes akhethekile abamba iqhaza kumzimba, amaprotheni kanye ne-carbohydrate metabolism.
Ama-pancreas akhiqiza i-insulin, elawula izinga likashukela egazini. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi noma iyiphi i-neoplasms esesitho esibaluleke kangaka ingadala ukwephulwa komsebenzi wayo. Umuntu ogulayo uqala ukuzwa iminjunju yezinhlungu, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuqina okuhlukahluka, okuncike ngokuphelele endaweni yalesi simila, kanye nosayizi nohlobo lwayo.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwamathumbu kumanyikwe
Kuma-pancreas, kuwumkhuba ukwahlukanisa izinhlobo eziningana zezimbila:
- epithelial:
- i-benign neoplasms (i-adenoma, cystadenoma);
- ama-tumic ayingozi (i-adenocarcinoma, i-cystadenocarcinoma, i-acinar, i-squamous, umdlavuza ongafani nalutho);
- ama-neoplasms ama-isanc pancreatic;
- izinhlobo ezixubile;
- ama-neoplasms angenayo i-epithelial;
- lymphoid, hematopoietic;
- metastatic;
- -ngacaceki
Benign tumors in pancreas
Lawa ma tumor kumanyikwe anezici eziningi zokuhlukanisa. Ngakho-ke, babonakala ngokukhula kancane, ukungatholakali kwamahlumela ahlukahlukene ezithweni eziseduze, izicubu "zomdabu" ziyagcinwa, futhi ukuqala kwe-metastases kuncishiswa kube yi-zero.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ama-benign tumors awavamile kakhulu, futhi ama-malignant angenzeka emadodeni nakwabesifazane abanemvamisa efanayo.
I-Benign neoplasms ingaba ngeyizinhlobo ezahlukahlukene:
- ama-adenomas, kanye nama-cystadenomas (aqhamuka ezicutshini ze-epithelial of pancreas);
- i-fibromas, lipomas (eyakheka kusuka kwezicubu ezithintekayo);
- i-leiomyomas (kusuka emisipha yemisipha);
- ama-lymphangiomas kanye ne-hemangiomas (kusuka emathanjeni emithambo);
- i-neuromas ne-ganglioneuromas (imvamisa yemvelaphi ye-neurogenic);
- insuloma (kusuka kuma-ispancreatic islets).
Ama-tumors kulomgodi wokugaya ahlukaniswa ngenani lamafomethi, ngoba angaba maningi noma awashadile. Ama-neoplasms asendaweni kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yamapancreas ngokulinganayo. Kungaba isimila somsila, inhloko yesitho noma ukwakheka kwesimo esihlanganisiwe.
Ezokwelapha zisheshe ziveze izinto eziningana ezingadala ukuthuthukiswa kwezilonda ezinjalo zomzimba wokugaya ukudla. Okokuqala, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuqagelwa kofuzo, bese kuthi umlutha wesiguli, indlela yakhe yokudla, kanye nesizinda semvelo yendawo ahlala kuyo.
Akunakwenzeka ukukhipha isizathu esithile sokukhula kwezimila, ngoba isayensi yanamuhla ayikwazanga ukusungula.
Izimpawu eziphambili zamathumbu angama-benign
Njenganoma yikuphi okunye ukugula, ama-neoplasms anezimpawu zawo zemitholampilo:
- Izimpawu zokushintsha kwesizinda se-hormonal yomuntu (i-lethargy, umuzwa ongafuneki wokwesaba, ukujuluka ngokweqile, isiyezi noma ukulahlekelwa okwesikhashana ukwazi);
- Ubuhlungu ngakwesobunxele noma ngakwesokudla kwenkaba, kwezinye izimo izinhlungu zinganikezwa ngehlombe lesiguli noma engalweni yesiguli, noma kungahle kube ibhande, i-paroxysmal;
- ukuqala kwe-jaundice (uma kuvela isimila ekhanda, iqala ukucindezela i-bile duct);
- ukuqunjelwa isicanucanu, ukugabha ngemuva kokudla (ngenxa yokucindezela i-duodenum).
Naphezu kwesimo se-neoplasm esiyingqayizivele, kungaba yisidingo sokukhula kwezimo zomuntu eziyingozi empilweni yakhe:
- ukulimala (ukuwohloka kube isimila esibuhlungu);
- ukudakwa nge-bile (ngokucindezelwa kwe-bile duct evamile);
- i-pancreatitis (ngesimo esibi noma esingapheli sesifundo);
- isifo se-yegilo.
Ungawuthola kanjani isimila esilinganayo?
Ama-neoplasms wesimo esincanyana isikhathi eside awakhombisi zimpawu zokukhona kwawo emzimbeni womuntu, futhi angabonakala ngengozi. Ukucacisa ukutholakala okunjalo, i-compact tomography, i-magnetic resonance imaging, ukunikela ngegazi kwe-biochemistry, ukuhlaziywa okujwayelekile, kanye nokukhonjwa kwabamaki bomdlavuza kuyodingeka.
Ukwelashwa kwezifo ezinjalo kungasebenza kuphela.
Izinhlobo zokwelashwa okuhlinzwa
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokusebenza kwama-benign pancreatic tumors:
- ukusetshenziselwa kabusha kwengxenye (ukususwa kwengxenye eyodwa kuphela yesitho, njengomthetho, kusetshenziselwa ukuqeda isimila emsileni we-gland);
- i-husking (ukuqeda isimila uqobo. Isetshenziselwa i-insulinoma);
- i-pancreatoduodenal resection (ukuqedwa kwe-neoplasm eyaqhamuka ekhanda lesitho, kanye ne-duodenum);
- ukungenelela kwe-laparoscopic okuhlaselayo (okusetshenziselwa amathumba amancane akhiwe emsileni wamanyikwe futhi kungakhombisi izimpawu zokuwohloka).
Ngabe isebenza kanjani kabusha?
Ngemuva kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuhlinzwa, kubalulekile ukuhlela uchungechunge lwezindlela zokuvuselela umzimba ukuze ulondoloze umzimba. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukukhawula ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa kwezitsha ezinosawoti, okunamafutha, okunoshukela, okuthosiwe nofulawa ngonyaka olandelayo. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungakhohlwa ukuthatha ama-encyme akhethekile we-pancreatic, kanye nokunciphisa umkhawulo kunoma yikuphi ukusebenza ngokomzimba ezinyangeni ezi-6 zokuqala ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.
Kuyadingeka ukugqoka ibhande elikhethekile ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala ngemuva kokususwa kwesimila, okuzosiza ukuvimbela ukwenzeka kwe-hernias ye-postoperative. Kuzoba kuhle ukuphathwa i-spa ngezikhathi ezithile.
Eminyakeni emibili yokuqala ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, kuyadingeka ukuthi kwenziwe uhlolo lokulandela usebenzisa i-ultrasound diagnostics.
Ama-pancreatic malignancies
Ama-tumors anjalo abhekwa njengeyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi angaphatheki kahle. Uma i-neoplasm isekhanda le-pancreas, khona-ke lokhu kuba imbangela yokuvinjwa kwe-bile duct ne-duodenum ejwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho. Izimpawu zomdlavuza we-pancreatic kubantu besifazane nakwabesilisa ziyefana, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthi uziphhuthe.
Lapho umzimba wesitho ulimele, isimila singakhula size singene odongeni lwesisu. Ukwakheka komsila kukhula kuya emithanjeni yensimbi, kanti umdlavuza ungamboza wonke indlala.
Izimpawu
Ungabona ama-neoplasms amabi ngezimpawu zawo:
- izinhlungu eziphikelelayo esiswini, ikakhulukazi ebusuku;
- ukuntuleka kwesifiso sokudla, ukuzonda okubukhali kwekhofi notshwala, ukudla okunamafutha nenyama;
- ukunciphisa isisindo;
- Izinkinga zokulala nobuthakathaka obujwayelekile;
- i-thriposis yesikhashana yethambo;
- ukunwetshwa kwe-gallbladder, okungatholwa yi-palpation;
- i-jaundice evimbayo;
- isifo sokugaya ukudla;
- umuzwa wesisindo esiswini ngisho nangemva kokudla okuncane;
- ukopha kwesisu namathumbu (okuhambisana nesisindo esimnyama noma isihlalo sebala elifanayo);
- umuzwa ngokweqile wokoma, umlomo owomile, ukusikeka okuqhubekayo kwesikhumba;
- ascites.
Njengoba umkhuba wezokwelapha ukhombisa, lezi zimpawu ezingenhla azikwazi ukubizwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akukho noyedwa kuzo ongabekwa njengowenzelwe umdlavuza we-pancreatic.
Kwenziwa kanjani ukuxilongwa?
Ukuqinisekisa ukuqagela ngalesi sifo, udinga ukuxhumana nodokotela. Uzocacisa izindlela ezilandelayo zokuxilonga isimila:
- ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound yazo zonke izitho zesisu (kungakhombisa ukwakheka kwesayizi elincane), uzodinga ukubuza ukuthi hlobo luni lokulungiselela lwe-pancreatic ultrasound okudingekayo;
- i-compact tomography (izokwenza ukuthi sikwazi ukubona indawo ngqo nosayizi wesifo somdlavuza, kanye nezinga lokuzibandakanya kwezicubu nezitho zomzimba ezizungezile);
- positron emission tomography (kudingekile ukuthola ubungako bokuxhaphaka kwesilonda, amathuba we-metastases);
- i-x-ray yamathumbu nesisu (kuzosiza ukwazi ubukhulu bokudalwa kwesitho kusuka ekucindezelweni kwesimila, kanye nokuqonda ukuhluma kwayo odongeni);
- I-fibrogastroduodenoscopy kanye ne-pancreatocholangiography yomlomo (lezi zindlela zokuxilonga zizosiza ekuhlaziyeni indawo yokubonakaliswa). I-biopsy yenziwa ngokungenisa i-endoscope ekhethekile ezithweni ezithintwe umdlavuza.
Izilonda ezi-pancreatic ezi-malignant, ngisho nasezigabeni zokuqala zekhosi, zibonakaliswa yizimpumelelo ezingathandeki kakhulu. Amaphesenti ayishumi kuphela eziguli ezinomdlavuza ezingalindela eminye iminyaka emi-5 yempilo yazo.
Ukuvimbela isifo esinjalo esiyingozi, kuyadingeka ukuthi udle ngokugcwele nangokufanele, futhi ulahle imilutha, ukubuyisela okunye ukwelashwa ngemidlalo nokwenziwa yi-spa.
