Unyawo lwesifo sikashukela lubheka ukulimala esikhunjeni, emikhunjini emikhulu nemincane, iziphetho zezinzwa, izicubu zamathambo nemisipha yonyawo. Imbangela yalesi simo se-pathological ihlotshaniswa nokuchayeka ubuthi phambi kwamazinga kashukela aphezulu egazini, ukwanda okwenzeka ngenxa yokwephulwa komthetho wayo yi-insulin ye-hormone ekhiqizwa kuma-pancreas.
Kungani isifo sikhula?
Isifo sikashukela sonyawo sikashukela siyinkimbinkimbi yesifo sikashukela, kanti ukwanda isikhathi eside kwamazinga kashukela egazini kuthinta kabi imithambo emikhulu nemincane, uhlelo lwezinzwa, izicubu zamathambo nemisipha.
Ngenxa yalokho, ngesifo esinjalo, kulimala izitho eziningi nezinhlelo eziningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunokuwohloka ekuhanjisweni kwegazi liye emilenzeni, ikakhulukazi emaqakaleni nasezinyaweni, ngoba kukude nenhliziyo.
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza isikhathi eside kokuqukethwe kweglucose okwandayo ohlelweni lwezinzwa emilenzeni, kuqubuka uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela, okuholela ekunciphiseni kokuzwela kobuhlungu, kuyilapho izilonda ezincane zesikhumba ezinyaweni zingazwakali iziguli futhi zingaphili kahle. Futhi, izinyawo zilayishwa kakhulu ngenkathi kuhamba, okuvimbela ukululama okusheshayo, futhi isifo sikashukela sonyawo siyaqhubeka ukukhula.
Izinhlobo zezifo
Izinhlobo zonyawo lwesifo sikashukela:
- I-Neuropathic - ukulimala kwezicubu zezinzwa.
- I-Ischemic - ukuphuma kwegazi kuyaphazamiseka.
- Kuxutshwe - kuboniswa zombili izinhlobo ze-neuropathic ne-ischemic.
Isifo sikashukela sonyawo sikashukela siholela ebuhlungwini ezinyaweni, kuyilapho ukuphumula izinhlungu ziba namandla, kuthi uma sekunyakaza kube buthakathaka. Ezinye izinkomba zokuphazamiseka kwezicubu zezinzwa nazo ziyaqashelwa - umuzwa ovuthayo, ukuzindla, ukuqaqanjelwa kwezinyawo.
Ngezilonda ezijulile zezicubu ezenzeka ngenxa yokusakazeka kahle kwezilonda, kuvela izilonda, zipholisa kahle, kanye nezilonda ezithathelanayo, i-gangrene.
Ukubonakaliswa kwe-syndrome
Isifo sikashukela sonyawo sikashukela, esandisa ubungozi bezinguquko ezinkulu, sibizwa nangokuthi "inkinga yonyawo oluncane". Yize iqiniso lokuthi azihambi ngokwephulwa okukhulu, noma kunjalo, akufanele ziphathwe ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo, ngoba kungaholela ekulimaleni okukhulu, okubandakanya:
Isipikili simnyama ngenxa yokufiphala ngaphansi kwembambo ngenxa yokucindezela izicathulo eziqinile, njengasesithombeni. Lokhu kungadala inqubo ye-purulent uma i-hemorrhage ingazixazululi ngokwayo. Ngemuva kwalokho akufanele ugqoke izicathulo ezibangela i-hemorrhage. Uma ukuvuselelwa kwenzeka, khona-ke kufanele avakashelwe udokotela.
Isikhunta ezipikili - isipikili sikhula, siguqule umbala, siba opaque. Isipikili esinjalo singase sifake ingcindezi emunweni osendaweni yomakhelwane, noma, ngenxa yengcindezi esicathulweni, inqubo yokuhlanzeka ingahle ibe khona ngaphansi kwezipikili nonyawo lwesifo sikashukela ingaqala ukukhula. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uvakashele udokotela wamazinyo, okuthi lapho elabhorethri esebenzisa i-scraping ahlole bese ethola ukwelashwa.
Izimbila, ummbila - ukopha, kanye nenqubo yokuhlanza, kungenzeka lapha. Ummbila kufanele ususwe nge-pumice, kepha ungawuniki emanzini ashisayo, ungasebenzisi izibonda futhi ungazithambisi. Izicucu kumele zithathelwe indawo, usizo lwamathambo ekukhetheni ama-insoles wamathambo, yindlela le nyawo yesifo sikashukela elibonakala ngayo.
Ukulimala esikhunjeni ngesikhathi sokusikwa kwezipikili - kuvela ngenxa yobuhlungu obuncishisiwe, unyawo lwesifo sikashukela lunciphisa imizwa, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kuba nzima kumuntu okhuluphele noma ongaboni kahle ukuze anqume izipikili zakhe kahle. Isilonda sakha endaweni yomonakalo. Ukusikwa kufanele kuphathwe ngokulungiswa kwe-antimicrobial kanye nesilonda nge-bandage engacolile. Kufanele uzame ukunciphisa izipikili zakho kahle - ungazinqeki ezingcanjeni ezikhululekile, ushiye 1 mm. Uma iso lakho lingaboni kahle, kungcono ukuguqukela ekusizeni abathandekayo.
Ukuqhekeka ezithendeni - kwenzeka ngenkathi uhamba ngezinyawo noma ezicathulweni, lapho isithende sivulekile, sinesikhumba esomile. Unyawo lwesifo sikashukela luholela ekunikezelweni ngokushesha kwemifantu, zingaba yizilonda zesifo sikashukela. Isikhumba esomile endaweni yesithende siphathwa ngamafutha okugcoba nangokhilimu aqukethe i-urea (i-Callusan, i-Diacrem, i-Balzamed, i-Heel-cream, njll.). Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-pumice kufanele isetshenziswe ezithendeni; kuyanconywa ukugqoka izicathulo ngesithende esivaliwe. Esimweni lapho imifantu ijule, yaqala ukopha - kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izinsizakalo zesikhungo sonyawo sikashukela.
Ukhunta onyaweni - iba imbangela yokuthuthuka kwesigaba sokuqhekeka ngasikhathi sinye ngokuxola kanye nokuqina kwesikhumba sonyawo. Unyawo lwesifo sikashukela luholela ekwakhiweni kwemifantu ephenduka izilonda zesifo sikashukela. Njengase-fungus yezipikili, ukubonisana nodokotela wamazinyo kuyadingeka.
Ukuguqulwa konyawo - ukwanda kwethambo esithupheni (lapho umunwe ugoba esifundeni sesihlanganile sokuqala) - kuholela ekubukekeni kwamabele engxenyeni ekhishwa. Ngemuva kwalokho uzodinga ukuthi uthathe futhi ugqoke izicathulo zamathambo, ama-insoles ukususa ingcindezi endaweni eyonakalisiwe yonyawo, ukuze lesi sigaba singakhuli.
I-gangrene yezinyawo kwisifo sikashukela yisigaba esibi kakhulu sefomu lesifo. Kwenzeka uma ukutheleleka kwe-anaerobic kukhula ekuphazamisekeni kokujikeleza okunamandla onyaweni nasemlenzeni ophansi. Le nqubo ishesha impela futhi ingaholela emiphumeleni emibi, ngisho nokufa. Namuhla, ukunqunywa ngenye yezindlela eziphambili zokwelashwa kwesigaba se-gangrene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, asetshenziswa ama-antibiotic nokulahla ukudakwa. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqala ukwelashwa kwe-syndrome ngesikhathi.
Ungayinakekela kanjani unyawo lwesifo sikashukela?
Kuyadingeka ukuthi uvakashele uchwepheshe kulokhu kuvuvukala okuncane. Inqubo yokuvuvukala okuncane ingadala izinkinga ezinkulu, futhi ukwelashwa konyawo lwesifo sikashukela kuzoba nzima.
Ukuhlanzeka ezinyaweni kwenziwa nsuku zonke ekhaya, ukusula ngobumnene ngaphandle kokuhlikihla. Khumbula izikhala phakathi kweminwe - nazo zidinga ukugezwa nokuwashwa ngokuphelele, lokhu kuzosiza ukuthi kungabangeli inkinga efana nesifo sikashukela se-polyneuropathy yemikhawulo ephansi ...
Yenza ukuhlolwa kwezinyawo nsuku zonke ukuthola ukuthi kukhona abalimele, ukusikeka, ukuqhekeka, ukulimala, kanye nokunye ukulimala okungadala ukutheleleka. Ukuhlolwa kwezinyawo kungenziwa kusetshenziswa izibuko. Uma isiguli singaboni kahle, kufanele sisebenzise usizo lomuntu ovela emndenini wakhe.
Zonke izinsuku udinga ukuhlola izicathulo ukuze ugweme amabele nezithelo zommbila, imbangela yazo okungenzeka ukuthi ingena ezicathulweni zento yakwamanye amazwe, ukuba khona kwe-insole eyonakalisiwe, ilayini elimele.
Nsuku zonke udinga ukufaka amasokisi, okufanele abe usayizi ofanele, ngaphandle kwe-elastic tight. Akunconywa ukugqoka amasokisi anezintambo, zonke lezi zenzo zingenziwa ekhaya.
Zama ukwenza izicathulo zikhululeke, uhlezi kahle onyaweni. Ungathengi izicathulo ezidinga ukuthumela. Uma kunokuphazamiseka okukhulu kwezinyawo, udinga ukusebenzisa izicathulo ezikhethekile zamathambo. Musa ukugqoka izicathulo zomgwaqo ezinyaweni ezingenalutho. Akunasidingo sokugqoka izimbadada lapho ibhande likhona phakathi kwezinzwane. Kwenqatshelwe ukuhamba ngaphandle kwezicucu esihlabathini esishisayo, enhlabathini, njll.
Uma kulimala, ukwelashwa konyawo lwesifo sikashukela akukuncomi ukusetshenziswa kotshwala, i-iodine, aluhlaza okotshani, i-potanganum permanganate, ngoba inama-ejenti wokuthunga. Kungcono ukwelapha umonakalo ngezidakamizwa ezikhethekile - i-chlorhexidine, i-miramistin, i-dioxidine noma i-hydrogen peroxide kusisombululo samaphesenti amathathu, kufanele kufakwe i-bandage oyinyumba.
Qaphela ukulimala kwesikhumba sonyawo. Kwenqatshelwe ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali asiza ukuthambisa ummbila, akudingeki ususe ummbila ngensingo, i-scalpel namanye amadivaysi okusika. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-pumice noma ifayela lezipikili.
Kuyadingeka ukusika izipikili ngomugqa oqondile, awukwazi ukuzungeza amakhona. Lapho ubopha umsipha, awudingi ukuwunqamula, kodwa kunalokho faka. Ngokungaboni kahle, isiguli kufanele sicele usizo kumuntu osondelene naye.
Lapho isikhumba emilenzeni sithambekele ukoma, kufanele usebenzise nsuku zonke ukhilimu onamafutha kuwo, ohlanganisa i-peach, i-sea sihlahla sivame ukutholakala, ukugwema ibanga phakathi kweminwe. Kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa okhilimu abandakanya i-urea (Callusan, Balzamed, nabanye).
Kuyadingeka ukuyeka ukubhema, ngoba umlutha onjalo ukhulisa ubungozi be-gangrene amahlandla ayi-2,5.
Yini okufanele ibe yizicucu zezinyawo zikashukela?
Ngezindlela zokuvimbela, izicathulo zamathambo ziyadingeka ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela esinobunzima bonyawo. Izicucu ezikhethwe kahle zinganciphisa ubungozi bokwenza unyawo lwesifo sikashukela amahlandla ama-3.
Ezinye izici zezicathu ezilungele iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela:
- Izicathulo ezingenamthungo noma ngokuba khona kwazo okuncane.
- Izicucu azingcishi ukuze ububanzi bazo bungabi ngaphansi kobubanzi bodwa.
- Umthamo wesicathulo ulungiswa kusetshenziswa iVelcro noma i-lading.
- Okuwukuphela kwasesicathulweni kufanele kube lukhuni, kube nomqingo.
- Izinto zesicucu, zombili ingxenye engenhla kanye noxhaxha, ziyavumelana nezimo.
- Kuyadingeka ukuthi izicathulo ziqhume, bese kubekwa kuyo i-orthopedic insole.
- Ingxenye yangaphambili yesithende ine-bevel.
- I-insole kufanele ithambe futhi okungenani ibe ngu-1 cm.
- Uma kukhona i-deformation yonyawo, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukwenza ama-insoles wokudonswa komuntu munye, okungagqokwa kusuka ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya onyakeni.
Lapho uthenga futhi ugqoke izicathulo, kumele kuhlangatshezwane nale mibandela elandelayo:
- Izicucu kufanele zithengwe ntambama, lapho ukuvuvukala kwemilenze kungabonakala, futhi nosayizi wezicathulo unqunywa ngokunemba.
- Izicucu kufanele zithambe, zikhululeke, zibanzi, zihlale kahle onyaweni, zenziwe ngezinto zemvelo, ukuze ungazizwa ungakhululekile lapho ugqoka. Izicucu akufanele zithinte unyawo.
- Ngokuzwela okunciphisiwe konyawo, kunconywa ukusebenzisa iphethini yonyawo ngesikhathi sokufanele (udinga ukubeka unyawo lwakho esiqeshini sephepha, uzungeleze unyawo bese usika umdwebo oyindilinga). Le-insole ifakwa ezicathulweni - uma igoba eceleni kwemiphetho, kusho ukuthi izicathulo zizocindezelwa, ama-corns kanye ne-chafing kungenzeka.
- Ukugoqa kufanele kube okulungile - ungaweli izintambo, kepha zifake ngokuhambisanayo.
- Musa ukugqoka izicathulo ngaphandle kwe-sock.
Ukwelashwa ngonyawo sikashukela
Okufanelekela kakhulu usizo lodokotela abahlinzayo esikhungweni esikhethekile sonyawo sikashukela. Lezi zikhungo noma amahhovisi zitholakala emitholampilo enkulu kakhulu. Uma kwenzeka ungakwazi ukungena ehhovisi lonyawo lwesifo sikashukela, khona-ke kufanele uthintane nodokotela oyi-endocrinologist noma udokotela ohlinzayo.
Kusenesikhathi kuphela ngokuguqukela kodokotela ukuze uthole usizo, ungakugwema ukuthuthukiswa kwamafomu ayinkimbinkimbi kanye nezinkinga ezinkulu zesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, okuholela onyaweni lwesifo sikashukela, ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngudokotela, bese i-angiopathy yemikhawulo ephansi ingancipha.
Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha kufanele bathintane ngokushesha lapho kutholwa kuqala noma yimuphi umonakalo esikhunjeni sodwa. Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngonyawo lwesifo sikashukela, kusetshenziswa ama-antimicrobials angenazindawo zokuthambisa, njenge-dioxidine, chlorhexidine nabanye.
I-iodine, utshwala, i-greenback, i-potanganum permanganate ayenqatshelwe, ngoba ingadala ukuphulukiswa kwemilenze ngenxa yezakhiwo zokushuka. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ukugqoka kwamuva okunganamatheli esilondeni, okuhlukanisa phakathi ne-gauze.
Ukwelashwa okubanzi kufanele kwenziwe ngokuhlelekile, kususe izicubu ezifile. Le nqubo kufanele yenziwe ngudokotela wezokwelapha onesifo esivamile sezinsuku ezi-3 kuya kwezi-15. Kuyadingeka ukuvikela izilonda ekuxinekeni ngenkathi uhamba. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa izinto ezikhethekile - ukulayisha amabhu, amabhuzu ayihafu.
Uma imbangela yezilonda noma iziphene ilele ekusakazweni kokukhubazeka, khona-ke ukwelashwa kwendawo kuzosebenza ngokubuthakathaka ngaphandle kokuqalisa kokuhamba kwegazi okuvamile. Ngale njongo, kwenziwa umsebenzi kumithambo yegazi (i-balloon angioplasty, ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass).
