Okungenani ikota yabantu abanesifo sikashukela abakwaziwa ukugula kwabo. Abantu benza imisebenzi yansuku zonke ngaphandle kokuqaphela izimpawu zalesi sifo, futhi isifo sikashukela siba sibi kakhulu.
Lesi sifo singambhubhisa umuntu kancane kancane. Uma ungakunaki ukuqala kokukhula kwalesi sifo, ekugcineni kuholela ekuhlaselweni yisifo senhliziyo, ukwehluleka kwezinso, ukubona okunciphayo, noma izinkinga zomlenze ophansi.
Kwesinye isikhathi isiguli siwela ukuwohloka ngenxa ushukela wegazi okhuphukayo, singene ekunakekelweni okunzulu futhi kamuva siqala ukwelashwa.
Kunconywa ukuthi ufunde imininingwane ngesifo sikashukela. Kuyafaneleka ukukhuluma ngezimpawu zayo zangaphambi kwesikhathi ezingaba yiphutha ngenxa yokubanda noma izinguquko ezihambisana nobudala. Kepha, uma sesifunde lolu lwazi, umuntu kufanele aqaphele kakhulu, futhi nezinyathelo ezithathwe ngesikhathi zizovimbela ukwanda kwezinkinga zesifo.
Uma kukhona izinsolo zesifo sikashukela, kuyadingeka ukuqhathanisa izimpawu ngazinye nalezo ezibhalwe ngezansi, bese uhlola ushukela. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuzoba ngcono uma ungayinikeli hhayi ukuthola ushukela, kepha i-hemoglobin ye-glycated.
Kuyadingeka ukuthola inani elijwayelekile likashukela wegazi ukuze wazi imiphumela yokuhlaziywa. Ngokuqukethwe ushukela omningi, udinga ukulandela irejimeni yokwelapha yesifo sikashukela engafani nalutho, ngaphandle kokudla yindlala, imijovo ye-insulin nezidakamizwa eziyingozi.
Abantu abadala abaningi abaziphenduli izibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo sikashukela ezibonakala kubo uqobo nakungane yabo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, iziguli kungekudala zihlala esibhedlela, kepha zisesiteji esithuthukile.
Ngabe ihlolwa kanjani ushukela wegazi?
Uma izimpawu zesifo sikashukela zivele enganeni noma kumuntu oneminyaka yobudala engaphansi kweminyaka engama-25, ongenaso isisindo ngokweqile, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi isifo sikashukela singokwesiqu sokuqala. Ukuyelapha, imijovo ye-insulin iyadingeka.
Uma umuntu oneminyaka engama-40 noma ngaphezulu esolwa ngokweqile esolwa ngokuba nesifo sikashukela, khona-ke lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi kube yigrade lesibili lesifo sikashukela.
Kodwa-ke, lezi yizibalo ezilinganisiwe. Ukuxilongwa okusobala kanye nesigaba sikashukela kungenziwa kuphela nge-endocrinologist.
Isigaba 1 sikashukela - izimpawu
Ngokuyinhloko, izimpawu zesifo ziqala ngesikhathi esifushane, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Imvamisa umuntu uvama ukuba nesifo sikashukela (ukulahlekelwa ukwazi), ukhonjwa ngokushesha emtholampilo lapho kutholakala ukuthi unesifo sikashukela.
Izici zesifo sikashukela se-1st degree:
- isifiso esengeziwe sokuphuza: isiguli siphuza amalitha ama-3-5 ngosuku;
- ukuba khona kwephunga le-acetone ngesikhathi sokuphefumula;
- isifiso esinamandla, umuntu udla ukudla okuningi, kepha alahlekelwe isisindo;
- ukuchama ngokweqile kuyabonakala, ikakhulukazi ebusuku;
- ukuphulukiswa kwenxeba okumpofu;
- isikhumba, isikhunta noma amathumba avela.
Imvamisa, isifo sikashukela seBanga 1 siqala emadodeni amabili ngemuva kwalokho noma inyanga ngemuva kokuba isiguli sihlaselwe isifo (isimungumungwane, irubella, umkhuhlane) noma ngemuva kwesimo esicindezelayo.
Isigaba 2 sikashukela - izimpawu
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili, isigaba singakha kancane kancane, ngaphezulu kweminyaka eminingana, njengomthetho, kubantu asebekhulile. Kwabesilisa nabesifazane, ukukhathala kwenzeka, ukuphulukiswa kwesilonda esingesihle, ukulahleka kombono nokukhubazeka kwememori. Kodwa-ke, akasoli ukuthi lezi yizimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo. Imvamisa, ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kwenziwa ngengozi.
Izici zesifo sohlobo 2:
- izimpawu zesifo sikashukela salolu hlobo: ukukhathala, ukubona okwehlisiwe, ukuguqulwa kwememori;
- izinkinga zesikhumba: ukucasuka, ukhunta, ukuphulukiswa kwesilonda esingesihle;
- isidingo esengeziwe sokuphuza - ama-3-5 amalitha amanzi ngosuku adakiwe;
- ukuchama okuphindaphindwe ebusuku
- ukubonakala kwezilonda ezinsweni nasemadolweni, imilenze iyagabha, inciphe, ilimale ngesikhathi sokunyakaza;
- abesifazane bakhula ne-candidiasis (thrush), okunzima ukuyelapha;
- esikhathini sokugcina sesi sifo - ukuncipha kwesisindo;
- ezigulini ezingama-50, lesi sifo singaba nazo ngaphandle kwezimpawu;
- emadodeni, izinkinga nge-potency.
I-30% yamadoda - anciphile umbono, isifo sezinso, unhlangothi olungalindelekile, ukushaya kwenhliziyo. Ukuvakashela udokotela ngokushesha kuyadingeka ngemuva kokuba kubonakale lezi zimpawu zesifo sikashukela.
Uma kunesisindo esithe xaxa, ukukhathala okusheshayo kwenzeka, ukuphulukiswa okungalapheki kwamanxeba kuyabonakala, umbono kanye nenkumbulo ziye zaba zimbi kakhulu, ngakho-ke akufanele ube yi-lazy futhi udinga ukuthola isilinganiso sikashukela wegazi.
Ngokuqukethwe ushukela omningi, ukwelashwa kufanele kuqale. Uma lokhu kungenziwa, khona-ke izimpawu zesifo sikashukela zizoholela ekufeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi zilindele isiguli, okuyothi ngaphambi kwalokho ubunzima besifo sikashukela - izilonda, isifo sokusha kwesihluku, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ukugwazwa, ukungaboni, nokusebenza kwezinso kuyeke.
Ukulawula isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, izigaba zilula kunokuba zibonakala ekuqaleni.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela sengane
Ubuncane beminyaka yengane enezinsolo zesifo sikashukela, ziya ngokuya zihluka kakhulu izimpawu zesifo sikashukela esivela kwifomu lomuntu elidala lesifo. Zijwayeze nezimpawu zesifo sikashukela sengane.
Lokhu kufanele kwaziwe kubo bobabili odokotela nabazali bezingane ezigulayo. Ezenzweni, odokotela bezingane abavamile ngesifo sikashukela. Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela sezingane zivame ukuba nephutha ngezimpawu zezinye izifo.
Umehluko phakathi kwesigaba sikashukela 1 no-2
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, isigaba esibonakaliswa ngokusobala, senzeka singalindele. Lesi sifo siwuhlobo 2, isigaba - inhlala-mpilo iyanda ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kuze kube muva nje, izingane zihlushwa isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 kuphela, izigaba, nokho, namuhla akusekho manje. Thayipha isifo sikashukela esingu-1, isilinganiso hhayi ngokweqile.
Ukuhlukanisa phakathi kohlobo 1 nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, isilinganiso kufanele sibe ukuhlolwa komchamo ushukela, igazi le-glucose ne-C-peptide.
Ukucaciswa kwezimpawu ngazinye zesifo
Kufanele kucaciswe ukuthi yisiphi isizathu esinesifo sikashukela se-mellitus abantu abanezimpawu ezithile. Ukuqonda izimpawu zesifo sikashukela kanye nobudlelwano bembangela, kungenzeka ukwelapha ngempumelelo kanye nokulawula lesi sifo.
Ukuchama okumanzi nokuqina okukhulu (i-polyuria)
Kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, ngasizathu simbe, izinga leglucose legazi liyakhuphuka, bese umzimba womuntu ufuna ukuyisusa ngomchamo. Kodwa-ke, ngokukhuphuka kwe-glucose kumchamo, izinso azidlulisi, ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuthi kube nomchamo owengeziwe.
Ukukhiqiza umthamo owengeziwe womchamo, umzimba udinga isilinganiso esikhulu soketshezi. Ngakho-ke, kunesibonakaliso sokoma okwandayo ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela, futhi kunesifiso esijwayelekile sokuchama. Isiguli sivuka ebusuku kaningi, okuyisibonakaliso esicacile sesigaba sokuqala sesifo sikashukela.
Ukumunca i-acetone ekuphefumuleni
Kwabesilisa abagulayo abanesifo sikashukela, inani elikhulayo le-glucose egazini, noma kunjalo, amangqamuzana awakwazi ukubuthatha, ngoba i-insulin ayanele, noma imisebenzi yayo ayisebenzi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, amangqamuzana (ngaphandle kwamangqamuzana obuchopho) ayaphoqelelwa ukuthi ashintshele ekusebenziseni kokugcinwa kwamafutha.
Singangeza futhi ukuthi izimpawu zesifo sikashukela yilapho ngesikhathi sokuqhekeka kwamafutha kwenzeka: i-acetone, i-acetoacetic acid, i-b-hydroxybutyric acid (imizimba ye-ketone). Ezingeni eliphakeme lezidumbu ze-ketone, zikhululwa ngesikhathi sokuphefumula, ngenxa yalokho, iphunga le-acetone likhona emoyeni.
I-Coma noma i-ketoacidosis (isifo sikashukela sebanga 1)
Kunephunga le-acetone emadodeni ngesikhathi sokuphefumula - lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi umzimba udla amafutha, kanti kukhona nezinto ze-ketone egazini. Uma i-insulin ingalangeni ngendlela yesikhathi, khona-ke izinga lezakhi ze-ketone landa kakhulu. Kulesi simo, umzimba awukwazi ukubekezelela ukungathathi hlangothi kwabo, i-acidity yegazi iyashintsha.
Izinga le-pH legazi lingama-7.35-7.45. Lapho esengaphansi kancane noma ngaphezulu kwalomkhawulo, umuntu uba ebulalayo, abuthe, isifiso sakhe sokudla siya ngokuba sikhulu, isicanucanu sezinhlungu siyabonakala, ngesinye isikhathi sihlanza, kube nobuhlungu obuthuntu esiswini. Lezi yizimpawu ze-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela.
Lapho, ngenxa ye-ketoacidosis, isiguli siwela enkanjeni, khona-ke ukukhubazeka kungenzeka kuze kube sekufeni (7-15%). Uma ukuxilongwa kwesifo sesigaba 1 kungasungulwa, ukuba khona kwe-acetone emgodini womlomo akufanele kuqaphele.
Lapho welapha isifo esigaba 2 emadodeni anokudla okuphansi kuma-carbohydrate, isiguli singathola i-ketosis - ukwanda kokuqukethwe kwegazi kwezakhi ze-ketone. Lesi simo somzimba sibhekwa njengejwayelekile.
Akunamphumela onobuthi. Izinga le-pH legazi aliweli ngaphansi kwe-7.3, ngakho-ke, naphezu kwephunga le-acetone ngesikhathi sokuphefumula, umuzwa uvamile. Kulokhu, umuntu ukhipha isisindo ngokweqile.
Ukwanda kokudla kweziguli
Kwabesilisa abagulayo abanesifo sikashukela, ukuntuleka kwe-insulin, noma akunamphumela ophumelelayo. Futhi yize kune-glucose eyanele egazini, amangqamuzana awakwazi ukukusebenzisa ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-insulin futhi aphoqwa ukuba "yindlala". Isiginali yendlala ingena ebuchosheni, futhi umuntu ufuna ukudla.
Isiguli sidla kahle, kepha umzimba awukwazi ukudonsa ama-carbohydrate eza nokudla. Isifiso esinamandla siyabonakala kuze kube yilapho i-insulin iqala ukusebenza, noma kuze kube yilapho amaseli eqala ukumunca amafutha. Ngalo mphumela, isiguli esinohlobo lwe-1 isifo sikashukela sikhula i-ketoacidosis.
Isikhumba siyasha, i-thrush senzeka, ukubonakaliswa kokungunda kuyabonakala
Esigulini esinesifo sikashukela, amazinga kashukela akhuphuka kuwo wonke uketshezi lomzimba. Isamba esandisiwe sikashukela sikhishwa ngokujuluka. Ama-Microorganisms afana nezimo zomswakama ezifudumele nezineshukela eliphezulu, okuyisakhi sazo. Kufanele sizame ukunciphisa inani le-glucose egazini, khona-ke izinkinga nge-thrush nesikhumba zizohamba.
Ukulimala okulimala kogulayo ezigulini ezinoshukela
Inani le-glucose ngokweqile egazini lamadoda linomphumela onobuthi ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi, kanye namaseli agezwe yigazi. Ukuze amanxeba alulame kangcono, izinqubo eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi zenziwa emzimbeni, kufaka phakathi ukuhlukaniswa kwamaseli wesikhumba aphilile, njengasesithombeni.
Ngenxa yokuthi izinga lokukhuphuka kweglucose linomphumela onobuthi ezicutshini zamadoda, izinqubo zokwelapha zihamba kancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphansi kwale mibandela, ukusakazeka kwezifo kuyabonakala. Kuhle ukungezelela ukuthi abesifazane abanesifo sikashukela baguga ekuqaleni.
Ukuphetha, kuphinde kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuthi uma kunezimpawu zesifo sikashukela emadodeni noma emantombazaneni anoma yiluphi uhlobo, kubalulekile ukubheka inani likashukela egazini ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi uvakashele i-endocrinologist.
Ayisekho indlela yokwelapha ngokuphelele isifo sikashukela, noma kunjalo, kungenzeka ukusilawula futhi uphile impilo ejwayelekile. Kungaze kube nzima njengoba kuzwakala.
