Ungayibamba kanjani (ihambise) i-insulin kwabanesifo sikashukela

Ukuze ugcine ushukela ngempumelelo ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo ejwayelekile ngosizo lwe-insulin, amandla okubalwa kahle umthamo awanele. Kubalulekile futhi ukufaka i-insulin kahle: khetha bese ugcwalisa isirinji, unikeze ukujula okudingayo komjovo futhi uqiniseke ukuthi umuthi olimale uhlala kwizicubu bese usebenza ngesikhathi.

Ngenqubo enhle yokuphatha, ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kungaba buhlungu futhi kunciphise impilo yesiguli sikashukela. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sesikhathi eside esingu-2, abathi, ngokwesaba imijovo, bezama konke okusemandleni abo ukubambezela ukuqala kokusetshenziswa kwe-insulin. Ngokwesifo sohlobo loku-1, ukuphathwa okufanele kwe-hormone kuyimbangela yokuthola isinxephezelo esanele sesifo sikashukela, ushukela wegazi ozinzile nenhlala kahle yesiguli.

Kungani ukuphathwa kwe-insulin kufanele

Indlela efanelekile yokujova i-insulin ikuvumela ukuthi unikeze:

Isifo sikashukela nokucindezela kuzoba yinto yesikhathi esedlule

• Ukwehlela ushukela -95%
• Ukuqedwa kwe-vein thrombosis - 70%
• Ukuqedwa kokushaya kwenhliziyo okuqinile -90%
• Ukuqeda umfutho wegazi ophakeme - 92%
• Ukwanda kwamandla ngesikhathi sosuku, ngcono ukulala ebusuku -97%

• inani eliphakeme (cishe i-90%) nokufakwa kwesidakamizwa ngesikhathi egazini.
• kunciphise amathuba we-hypoglycemia.
• ukuntuleka kobuhlungu.
• ukuhlukumezeka okuncane esikhunjeni kanye namafutha angaphansi.
• ukungabikho kwe-hematomas ngemuva kwemijovo.
• ukwehla kwengozi ye-lipohypertrophy - ukukhula kwezicubu ezinamafutha ezindaweni zomonakalo owenzeka njalo.
• ukuncishiswa kokwesaba imijovo, ukwesaba noma ukucindezeleka kwengqondo ngaphambi komjovo ngamunye.

Isilinganiselo esiyisisekelo sokuphathwa ngokufanele kwe-insulin ushukela ojwayelekile ngemuva kokuvuka nosuku amahora ambalwa ngemuva kokudla.

Ngokufanelekile, abanesifo sikashukela abanazo zonke izinhlobo zokugula kufanele bakwazi ukujova i-insulin, noma ngabe kuyini inhloso yokwelashwa kwe-insulin, kanye nezihlobo nezihlobo zabo. Ngohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela, gxuma ushukela ngokushesha ngenxa yokulimala, ukucindezela okukhulu, izifo ezihambisana nokuvuvukala. Kwezinye izimo, i-hyperglycemia ephezulu ingadala ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwe-metabolic, kuze kufike ku-coma (funda mayelana ne-hyperglycemic coma). Kulokhu, ukujova kwe-insulin kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokugcina impilo yesiguli.

Iliphi icebo ongalikhetha

Ukukhethwa kohlelo okudingeka ukujova ngalo i-insulin ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela kwenziwa ngudokotela obonayo. Ngaphambi kokunquma ukwelashwa, uhlola isigaba sesifo, ukuba khona kwezinkinga, izici zengqondo zesiguli, ithuba lokuqeqeshwa kwakhe, ukuzimisela kwakhe ukwenza imizamo yokulawula isifo sikashukela.

Ngokwesiko

Uhlobo lwendabuko lokwelashwa kwe-insulin lulula kakhulu. Ukufakwa kuzodingeka kwenziwe amahlandla ama-2 kuphela ngosuku, ukukala ushukela, bese kuncipha kanjalo. Ukulula kwalokhu irekhodi lokwelashwa kwe-insulin, ngeshwa, kuphenduka ukusebenza kwalo okuphansi. Ushukela ezigulini ugcinwa kahle kakhulu ku-8 mmol / L, ngakho-ke eminyakeni edlule baqongelela izinkinga zesifo sikashukela - izinkinga ngemikhumbi nohlelo lwezinzwa. Ukudla ngakunye okune-carbohydrate etafuleni kuphenduka kube kwesinye isipikili kushukela. Ukwehlisa ushukela, abanesifo sikashukela ohlelweni lwendabuko kufanele banciphise kakhulu indlela abadla ngayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukudla nokudla ngokweqile kwenzeka ngendlela efanayo, njengoba iziguli zohlobo lwesibili sikashukela zenza.

Okukhulu

Uhlobo olunamandla lwe-insulin lubandakanya okungenani imijovo emi-5 ngosuku. Ababili babo bangama-insulin amade, ama-3 amafushane. Ushukela kuzofanela ulinganiswe ekuseni, ngaphambi kokudla nangokulungiselela ukulala. Isikhathi ngasinye lapho udinga ukubala kabusha futhi ukuthi mangaki amayunithi nsuku zonke, i-insulin esheshayo edinga ukujova. Kodwa akukho cishe akukho mingcele ekudleni kule nqubo yokwelashwa kwe-insulin: ungenza konke, into esemqoka ukubala okuqukethwe kwe-carbohydrate esitsheni bese wenza umjovo wesilinganiso sokuqala senani le-insulin.

Akukho makhono akhethekile wezibalo azodingeka kulokhu, ukubala inani elidingekayo le-insulin, ulwazi ezingeni lesikole sokuqala lanele. Ukujova insulin njalo, isonto lokuqeqeshwa kwanele. Manje lolu hlelo olubanzi lubhekwa njengoluthuthukayo kakhulu nolusebenzayo, ukusetshenziswa kwalo kunikeza ubuncane bezinkinga kanye nesikhathi eside sempilo yeziguli ezinesifo sikashukela.

Ngingayifaka kuphi insulin yabanesifo sikashukela?

Udinga ukufaka i-insulin ngaphansi kwesikhumba, kwezicubu ze-adipose. Ngakho-ke, izindawo lapho imijovo yenziwa kahle kakhulu kufanele ibe namafutha athuthukisiwe:

1. Isisu yindawo ukusuka ezimbabeni eziphansi kuya kwi-groin, kufaka phakathi izinhlangothi ngendlela encane yokubuyela emuva, lapho imvamisa yamafufulethi amafutha. Awukwazi ukufaka i-insulin enkabeni futhi eduze kuka-3 cm kuyo.
2. Ama-buttocks - i-quadrant ngaphansi kwangaphansi emuva eduze eceleni.
3. Hips - Ingaphambili lomlenze kusukela ku-groin kuya phakathi kwethanga.
4. Ingxenye yangaphandle yehlombe isuka ku-elbow iye emahlombe. Kule ndawo imijovo ivunyelwe kuphela uma kukhona ungqimba olunonile lwamafutha lapho.

Ijubane nokuphelela kokufakwa kwe-insulin ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomzimba kuhlukile. Ngokushesha futhi kuphelele kakhulu, i-hormone ingena egazini isuka ezicutshini ezingaphansi kwesisu. Kancane - kusuka emahlombe, emabhulokeni, futhi ikakhulukazi ngaphambili kwethanga. Ngakho-ke, ukufaka i-insulin esiswini kuyinto efanelekile. Uma isiguli sinqunywe i-insulin ende kuphela, kungcono ukuyifaka kule ndawo. Kepha ngohlobo olunamandla lokwelashwa, kungcono ukonga isisu nge-insulin emfushane, ngoba kule ndaba ushukela uzodluliselwa ezicutshini ngokushesha, ngoba ungena egazini. Ngomjovo we-insulin ende kuleli cala, kuyalulekwa ukusebenzisa okhalweni ngamabhuthi. I-Ultrashort insulin ingangenwa noma yiziphi kulezi zindawo, ngoba ayinakho umehluko ngezinga lokuxoshwa ezindaweni ezahlukene. Uma ukufaka i-insulin ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa esiswini kunzima ngokwengqondo, ngokwesivumelwano nodokotela, ungasebenzisa ingalo noma ithanga.

Izinga lokungena kwe-insulin egazini lizokhuphuka uma isiza somjovo sifudunyezwa emanzini ashisayo noma simane nje sithathwe. Futhi, ukungena kwe-hormone kushesha ezindaweni lapho kusebenza khona izicubu zomzimba. Izindawo lapho i-insulin izofakelwa khona esikhathini esizayo esiseduze akufanele inehaba futhi ihambise ngenkuthalo. Isibonelo, uma uhlela ukuhamba ibanga elide endaweni enzima, kungcono ukufaka umuthi esiswini, futhi uma uhlose ukumpompela umshini wokuphrinta - okhalweni. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-insulin, okuyingozi kakhulu ukumuncwa ngokushesha kwama-analog asebambeni abasebenza isikhathi eside; ukufudumeza indawo yomjovo kuleli cala kwandisa kakhulu ingozi ye-hypoglycemia.

Izindawo zokujova kumele zishintshwe njalo. Ungasifaka isidakamizwa ebangeni elingu-2 cm ukusuka kusayithi lomjovo owedlule. Ukujova kwesibili endaweni efanayo kungenzeka ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu uma kungekho okulandelwayo esikhunjeni.

Funda ukujova i-insulin kahle

Ukuphathwa kwe-insulin kwe-intramuscular kuyinto engathandeki, ngoba kulesi simo isenzo se-hormone siya ngokuqina ngokungacabangi, ngakho-ke, amathuba okuhla kweshukela okunamandla kuphezulu. Kungenzeka ukunciphisa ingozi yokungena kwe-insulin emisipha, esikhundleni se-adipose izicubu, ngokukhetha isirinji efanele, inqubo yendawo kanye nenqubo yokujova.

Uma inaliti yesirinji yinde kakhulu noma ungqimba lwamafutha lwanele, imijovo yenziwa esikhunjeni sesikhumba: gxobha isikhumba ngeminwe emibili, ufake i-insulin esiqongweni esibayeni, ukhiphe isirinji bese ususa iminwe kuphela. Kungenzeka unciphise ukujula kokungena kwesirinji ngokusingenisa ku-45% ebusweni besikhumba.

Ubude bokungena kwenalithi nezici zomjovo:

Ukukhethwa kwesirinji nokugcwaliswa

Ngokuphathwa kwe-insulin, kukhishwa imijovo ekhethekile etholakalayo ye-insulin. Inaliti kuzo inciphile, icijile ngendlela ekhethekile yokubangela ubuhlungu obuncane. Ithiphu iphathwa nge-silicone grease ukwenza kube lula ukungena ezingxenyeni zesikhumba. Ukuze kube lula, izintambo zokuthweswa iziqu zenzelwe umugqa wesirinji obonisa hhayi ama-milliliters kodwa amayunithi we-insulin.

Manje usungathenga izinhlobo ezi-2 zesirinji ezenzelwe ama-insulin ahlukile we-insulin - i-U40 ne-U100. Kepha ukugcwala kwamayunithi angama-40 e-insulin nge-ml cishe cishe akunakuthengiswa. Iqoqo elijwayelekile lomuthi manje yi-U100.

Ukuze uthole i-dosing enembile, ibanga phakathi kwemigqa yokuphothula eduzane kufanele ibe mincane, kufinyelela ku-1 unit ye-insulin. Imvamisa, lawa ma-syringes anevolumu engu-0,5 ml. Izinsimbi eziqukethe i-1 ml azinembe ngokwedlulele - phakathi kwalezi zingcuphe ezimbili, amayunithi ama-2 esomuthi afanelekile kwisilinda, ngakho-ke kunzima ngokwengeziwe ukuqoqa umthamo ngqo.

Manje amapeni wesirinji aya ngokuthandwa ngokwengeziwe. Lawa ngamadivayisi akhethekile wokujova i-insulin, okulungele ukuyisebenzisa ngaphandle kwasekhaya. Amapensela we-insulin aqedwa ngomuthi kumaphaphu kanye nezinaliti ezilahlayo. Izinaliti ezikuzo zimfushane futhi mncane kunokwejwayelekile, ngakho mancane amathuba okuthi ungene emisipha, cishe abukho buhlungu. Umthamo we-insulini ozohanjiswa ngepeni yesifo sikashukela usethwa ngomshini ngokuguqula indandatho ekugcineni kwensiza.

Ungadonsela kanjani i-insulin kwisirinji:

1. Bheka usuku lokuphelelwa isikhathi ngalo muthi. Ngokungabonakali bonisa i-insulin ephelelwe yisikhathi ngumswakama wesixazululo. Zonke izidakamizwa, ngaphandle kwe-NPH-insulin, kufanele zibe sobala ngokuphelele.
2. I-NPH-insulin (wonke amalungiselelo e-opaque) kumele aqale ukukhuthazeka kuze kube yilapho ukumiswa kunenhliziyo-anikine ibhodlela cishe izikhathi ezingama-20. I-insulin ebonakalayo ayidingi kulungiselelwa okunjalo.
3. Vula isembozo sesirinji, ususe cap yokuvikela.
4. Ngemuva kokukhipha induku, ukuqoqa amayunithi omoya amaningi njengoba kuhlelwa ukujova i-insulin.
5. Faka isirinji esivalweni senjoloba sebhodlela, gcwalisa isylinda ngaphezulu kwemali edingekayo.
6. Guqula isakhiwo bese uthinta ngobumnene kwisilinda ukuze kuphume amabhungane emoyeni lapho kulungiswa.
7. Faka i-insulin ngokweqile ku-vial nomoya.
8. Susa isirinji.

Ilungiselela umjovo ngopeni:

1. Uma kunesidingo, hlanganisa i-insulin, ungangena ngqo esibayeni sesirinji.
2. Khipha amaconsi ambalwa ukubheka ubunikazi binaliti.
3. Setha umthamo wesidakamizwa ngendandatho.

Ukungena

Isu Lokufaka:

• thatha isirinji ukuze usike lwenaliti lube ngaphezulu;
• goqa isikhumba;
• faka inaliti ekhoneni elifunekayo;
• hlaya yonke i-insulin ngokucindezela esitobhini se-stem;
• linda imizuzwana eyi-10;
• khipha inaliti yesirinji kancane;
• chitha isibaya;
• uma usebenzisa ipeni, ukusonta inaliti bese uvale ipeni nge-cap.

Akubalulekile ukwelapha isikhumba ngaphambi komjovo, kwanele ukusigcina sihlanzekile. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ungasebenzisi utshwala ukucubungula, njengoba bunjalo kunciphisa ukusebenza kwe-insulin.

Kungenzeka yini ukuphatha i-insulin ehlukile ngasikhathi sinye

Uma udinga ukwenza imijovo emi-2 ye-insulin, evame ukuba yinde futhi ifushane, kungakuhle ukuthi usebenzise amasirinji ahlukahlukene neziza zemijovo. Ngokwe-theory, ama-insulin angabantu kuphela angahlanganiswa kwisirinji eyodwa: i-NPH futhi imfushane. Imvamisa, udokotela ubeka ukuphathwa ngasikhathi sinye uma isiguli sinciphise umsebenzi wokugaya ukudla. Okokuqala, umuthi omfishane udonswa kwisirinji, bese kuba yinde. Ama-analogues we-insulin awakwazi ukuxutshwa, ngoba lokhu kushintsha izakhiwo zawo ngokungalindelekile.

Ungawunikeza kanjani umjovo ngaphandle kobuhlungu

Indlela efanelekile yokujova yesifo sikashukela ifundiswa ngumhlengikazi ehhovisi le-endocrinologist. Njengomthetho, zingagwaza ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle kobuhlungu. Ungazijayeza ekhaya. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuthatha isirinji enjenge-dart - ngesithupha sakho ngakolunye uhlangothi lwesilinda, inkomba kanye naphakathi - ngakolunye. Ukuze ungabuzwa ubuhlungu, udinga ukufaka inaliti ngaphansi kwesikhumba ngokushesha okukhulu. Kulokhu, ukushesha kwesirinji kuqala cishe ngamasentimitha ayi-10 ngaphambi kwesikhumba, hhayi kuphela izicubu zesandla, kepha nengalo yangaphambili ixhunyiwe ekunyakazeni. Kulokhu, i-syringe ayikhishwa ezandleni, baqapha i-angle nokujula kokungena kwenaliti. Ukuziqeqesha, qala usebenzise isirinji enesipikili, bese unamayunithi ama-5 kasawoti oyinyumba.

Ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwesirinji noma izinaliti ezilahlwayo wepeni le-insulin kulimaza kakhulu isikhumba nezicubu ezinamafutha. Kakade isicelo sesibili sibuhlungu ukwedlula lokhu, ngoba ichopho lenaliti lilahlekelwa ubukhali bayo futhi i-lubricant isulwe, ukuhlinzeka ngokulula kokucwilisa izicubu.

Uma i-insulin ilandela

Ukuvuza kwe-insulin kungabonakala ngephunga elivelayo elisuka endaweni yomjovo, efana nephunga le-gouache. Uma ingxenye yezidakamizwa ivuthiwe, awukwazi ukwenza umjovo wesibili, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukuhlola kahle ukusilela kwe-insulin, futhi ushukela ungahle wehle ngokujwayelekile. Kulokhu, kuzofanela uhambisane ne-hyperglycemia yesikhashana bese uyilungisa ngomjovo olandelayo, uqiniseke ukukala ushukela wegazi kuqala.

Ukuvimbela i-insulin ukuthi iphume ngaphansi kwesikhumba, qiniseka ukuthi uyigcina isikhashana esiyishumi ngaphambi kokukhipha inaliti. Okungaphansi kokuvuza uma ufaka umuthi engela lika-45 noma u-60 °.