I-Isofan insulin (eyakhiwe ngofuzo lomuntu)

Ngesifo sikashukela, kungekudala noma kamuva, ukuntuleka kwe-insulin ekhiqizwa yi-pancreas kuyaqala ukuzwakala, ukushoda kwayo kwenziwa yisisombululo se-hormone yokufakelwa, esifakiwe.

I-Isofan insulin ingenye yezakhi zokwelashwa okubuyiselwayo. Emzimbeni, le insulin isebenza njengokwemvelo: idlulisela ushukela ngokweqile ezicutshini, lapho ephuke khona, inikeze umzimba amandla. Ngo-Type 1 sikashukela, i-Isofan ihlala ihlanganiswa ne-hormone emfishane esebenza, eklanyelwe ukulawula i-postprandial (ngemuva kokudla) i-glycemia. Kuhlobo 2 lwesifo, yi-insulin Isofan kuphela engaba nesifo sikashukela.

Ukwakheka kwalo muthi

I-insulin esetshenziswe kushukela ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amakhulu amaningi ngokuya ngesikhathi sesenzo. Ukuze ulingise ngokuphelele ukuvikela kwakho kwe-insulin, udinga i-hormone yezinhlobo ezimbili: ezinde (noma eziphakathi) kanye nezifushane (noma i-ultrashort) - i-athikili ekhuluma ngezinhlobo ze-insulin. I-Isofan ihlukaniswa njenge-insulin ephakathi. Ngokusetshenziswa okungama-2 ngosuku, iyakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngezinga eliphansi le-hormone egazini, elehlisa i-glucose, engena egazini lisuka esibindini ihora.

I-Isofan insulin iqukethe izithako ezi-2 ezisebenzayo:

1. Insulin. Phambilini kwakusetshenziswa i-hormone yengulube ne-bovine, manje kusetshenziswa injineli yezofuzo yomuntu kuphela, efana ne-hormone ekhiqizwa ama-pancreas womuntu. Kwenziwa kusetshenziswa ama-bacterium aguquliwe, umuthi unezinga eliphakeme lokuhlanzwa, utholakala kalula ngumzimba futhi mancane kakhulu amathuba okubangela ukwaliwa ukwedlula owokuqala.
2. Vikela - amaprotheni asetshenziswa njengokwandiswa kwesenzo se-insulin. Ngiyabonga kuye, isikhathi sokuphuza ama-hormone kusuka ezicutshini ezingaphansi kuya emikhunjini kukhuphuka kusuka emahoreni ayisithupha kuya kwayi-12. Ku-insulin, i-hormone ye-Isofan ne-protamine kuxutshwe ngamanani e-isophane, okungukuthi, akukho okweqile kwanoma yiziphi izinto ezisenkingeni. Ngegama lomqambi wayo, usosayensi waseDenmark uHagedorn, i-insulin i-isofan kuvame ukubizwa kuyo ezincwadini zezokwelapha njenge-protein proteni Hagedorn, noma i-NPH-insulin.

Ngakho-ke ukuthi i-protamine ene-insulin ingakha amakristalu, i-zinc yengezwe kusixazululo. I-Phenol ne-m-cresol ziqukethwe kulungiselelwa njengezivikelo; ukuthola isisombululo nge-acidity engathathi hlangothi, kusetshenziswa i-acid ebuthakathaka noma isisekelo. Okokufanekisa kwemikhiqizo eyehlukene, ukwakheka kwezakhi ezisizayo kuhlukile, uhlu oluphelele lunikezwa emiyalweni yokusetshenziswa.

Isifo sikashukela nokucindezela kuzoba yinto yesikhathi esedlule

• Ukwehlela ushukela -95%
• Ukuqedwa kwe-vein thrombosis - 70%
• Ukuqedwa kokushaya kwenhliziyo okuqinile -90%
• Ukuqeda umfutho wegazi ophakeme - 92%
• Ukwanda kwamandla ngesikhathi sosuku, ngcono ukulala ebusuku -97%

Izinkomba zokuqokwa

Isizathu sokuqokwa kwe-insulin ye-insal bandal kungaba:

1. 1 uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela. Kusetshenziswa irejimeni eqinisiwe yokwelashwa kwe-insulin, okungukuthi, i-Isofan ne-insulin emfushane.
2. Izinhlobo ezithile zikashukela we-Mody.
3. Uhlobo 2, uma amaphilisi e-hypoglycemic eqinisekisiwe noma enganikeli ukulawula okwanele kwesifo sikashukela. Njengomthetho, ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kuqalwa nge-Isofan. Isidingo sehomoni emfishane ivela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
4. Thayipha 2 ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
5. Njengokubuyiselwa kwamathebulethi, uma uhlobo 2 sikashukela sisesigabeni sokubuyiselwa kwemali. Ngemuva kokunciphisa ushukela, isiguli singabuyiselwa futhi silungiselelwe ngomlomo.
6. Isifo sikashukela sokutholwa komzimba, uma ukudla okhethekile kunganciphisi ushukela kube okwejwayelekile.

Izimpawu Zentengiso

I-Isofan Insulin yiyona insulin ehamba phambili ethandwa kakhulu emhlabeni. Izidakamizwa zesimanje eziningi zibiza kakhulu futhi seziqalile ukunqoba imakethe. Amagama okuhweba alandelayo we-Isofan abhalisiwe e-Russian Federation:

Zonke lezi zidakamizwa ezingenhla zingama-analogues. Banokuhlushwa okufanayo futhi basondele emandleni, ngakho-ke, ngesifo sikashukela, kungenzeka ukuthi ushintshe kusuka komunye umuthi uye kwesinye ngaphandle kokulungiswa kwedosi.

Isimiso sokusebenza

I-Isofan insulin inomphumela we-hypoglycemic. Kancane kancane efakwa egazini kusuka ezicutshini ezingangeneki, i-hormone isakazeka emzimbeni wonke futhi ihlangana nama-insulin receptors asezinduneni zeseli. Ngenxa yalokhu, ulwelwesi luvunyelwa ukuba kube ushukela, futhi lungene ngaphakathi esitokisini, lapho lubola khona ngokukhishwa kwamandla. Ushukela wegazi, ngokulandelana, uyancipha.

I-insulin nayo inomthelela ekukhiqizweni kwe-glycogen emisipheni nasezibindini, eyakheka kusuka kushukela futhi iwuhlobo lwamandla agodliwe womzimba. Le ndawo yokugcina isetshenziswa lapho ushukela wegazi uphansi.

Esinye isenzo esibalulekile se-insulin ukuvimbela ukweqiwa nokukhuthaza ukwakheka kwamaprotheni ne-carbohydrate.

Isikhathi somjovo owodwa sihluke kakhulu kubantu abahlukahlukene. Kuya ngendawo nokujula komjovo, izinga lokunikezwa kwegazi kule ndawo, umthamo, uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela, izinga lokushisa lomzimba nezinye izinto.

Iphrofayili yomsebenzi we-Isofan insulin, idatha elinganiselwe kusuka kwimiyalo esetshenzisiwe:

Iphula i-insulin ngama-enzyme akhethekile, kuyilapho kwakhiwa ama-metabolites, engenawo umphumela wokunciphisa ushukela. Ukuqedwa kwesigamu sempilo kuyahlukahluka kungakapheli amahora angama-5-10.

Imiphumela Emibi ye-Isofan Insulin

Imiphumela ye-insulin ithinteka kakhulu yizici zemvelo. Uma i-insulin engaphezulu ilimaleka kunokuba umzimba idinga, isifo sikashukela sikhula nge-hypoglycemia. Zingaholela kukho:

1. Ukuzila ukudla, ukweqa ukudla - bheka i-athikili mayelana nokuzila ushukela.
2. Ukuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla okuthikameza ukumuncwa kwe-glucose: ukugabha, isifo sohudo.
3. Ukuqhubeka komzimba.
4. Ukungezelelwa ngamaphilisi antidiabetes.
5. Izifo ze-Endocrine.
6. Izifo ezinzima zezitho ezithintekayo ku-metabolism ye-insulin: isibindi nezinso.
7. Ukushintsha indawo yomjovo, ngokomzimba (ukuhlikihla, ukuhlikihla) noma izinga lokushisa (i-sauna, i-heating pad) imiphumela kuyo.
8. Indlela yokujova engalungile.
9. Amaphilisi akhulisa umphumela we-insulin. Izidakamizwa ze-Hormonal ne-diuretic zinomphumela omkhulu kakhulu.
10. I-Alcohol ne-nicotine.

Nge-algorithm ephuthumayo yokudonsela ushukela, kwethulwa zonke iz diabetes. Kubandakanya ukudliwa kwama-carbohydrate asheshayo, ezimweni ezinzima - umjovo we-1 mg we-glucagon, i-dropper ene-glucose - okuningi kulokho okufanele ukwenze uma ushukela wegazi wehla kakhulu.

Okungaphansi kakhulu, iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela i-mellitus zithola i-lipodystrophy (ushintsho lwe-dystrophic kumanoni angaphansi kokujwayelekile ezindaweni zokujova) kanye nokusabela kwe-hypersensitivity ngesimo se-edema, ukuqubuka, nokubomvu.

Isingeniso imithetho

Umthamo we-Isofan ukhethiwe okokuqala, ukufaka i-insulin emfushane. Umuntu ngamunye unesifo sikashukela ngasinye. Cishe isidingo esiphelele se-hormone lapho kungekho esakhe singama-0.3-1 amayunithi nge-1 kg yesisindo, i-Isofan ibeka u-1/3 kuya ku-1/2 wesidingo. I-insulin engaphansi iyadingeka kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ngaphezulu - kwiziguli ezinenkinga yokukhuluphala kanye ne-insulin. Izici zokudla okunempilo zinethonya elincane kumthamo we-Isofan, ngoba i-insulin emfushane isebenza ukunxephezela i-prandial glycemia.

Indlela yokugwaza i-Isofan:

1. Umyalo utusa ukuphatha umuthi kuphela ngaphandle kokuzenzela. Ukuvimbela ikhambi ukuthi lingangeni emsipheni, udinga ukukhetha ubude besaliti obufanele. Ukuphathwa kwe-Intravenous akuvunyelwe.
2. Okokulawula, ama-insulin ama-insulin kanye namapheya wesirinji amaningi wesimanje angasetshenziswa. I-insulin ephakathi nendawo ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa kumaphampu.
3. I-Isofan insulin ukumiswa, ngakho-ke i-sediment yakha isikhathi ngaphezulu kwesikhathi phansi kwe-vial. Ngaphambi kokwenza umjovo, umuthi kufanele uhlanganiswe kahle. Uma kungenzeki ukufeza umbala ofanayo wokumiswa, i-insulin iyaphangwa, futhi ngeke isetshenziswe.
4. Indawo enhle yomjovo ithanga. Kuvunyelwe nokwenza imijovo esiswini, amabhuzu, ihlombe - indlela yokujova kahle i-insulin.
5. Yenza umjovo omusha okungenani 2 cm kusuka owedlule. Ungahlaba endaweni efanayo ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-3.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwezisu

I-Isofan ingasetjenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ne-HB, ngombana ayingeni ngeengazi yeengane nge-placenta nangobisi. Kwabesifazane abanesifo sikashukela abanengane, ukwelashwa kwe-insulin ukuphela kwendlela yokunciphisa i-glycemia evunyelwe eRussia.

Isidingo somuthi izinyanga eziyi-9 sishintsha kaningi ngasikhathi sinye kanye noshintsho ngemuva kwesizinda se-hormonal sowesifazane, ngakho-ke kufanele uguqule umthamo we-insulin njalo. Ukulawulwa okuqinile kukashukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kuyimbangela yokuvikela i-fetopathy, ukungasebenzi kahle, ukubulawa kwengane.