Ngokungafani nezinye izifo ezingamahlalakhona, isifo sikashukela sinesikhathi eside sasemuva. Kwesinye isikhathi owesimame iminyaka edlule akaziboni izimpawu futhi afunde ngenkinga kuphela lapho eqokwa udokotela, aphendukele kuye ngenxa yezinkinga. Imiphumela enganakwa yesifo sikashukela kunzima ukuyelapha. Ukwehla kokusebenza kwezinso, ukulahleka kombono - akunakulapheka. I-atherossteosis namanye ama-pathological vascular abangelwa isifo "esimnandi" angaqedwa kancane.
Izinkinga zingagwenywa kuphela ngendlela eyodwa - isifo sikashukela singabonakala ngesikhathi, izindlela zokwelapha zinganciphisa ushukela kube okwejwayelekile futhi uzigcine kuleli zinga lempilo.
Izimpawu kanye nezimpawu zesifo sikashukela esingamukeli
Isibalo sabantu abanesifo sikashukela siyakhula njalo eminyakeni eyishumi. Manje eRussia kukhona cishe iziguli ezingama-4.5, ama-90% azo ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, noma esingathembele kwe-insulin. Ingxenye yabanesifo sikashukela abesifazane. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka, isifo sikashukela sithathwa njengesifo asebekhulile, kepha kule minyaka engamashumi amabili edlule lo mkhuba usushintshe kakhulu. Ngokuya ngokwengeziwe, lesi sifo sitholakala kubantu besifazane abasebancane kakhulu abanomzimba ophansi wokuzivocavoca nokudla okunekhalori ephezulu.
Isifo sikashukela nokucindezela kuzoba yinto yesikhathi esedlule
- Ukwehlela ushukela -95%
- Ukuqedwa kwe-vein thrombosis - 70%
- Ukuqedwa kokushaya kwenhliziyo okuqinile -90%
- Ukuqeda umfutho wegazi ophakeme - 92%
- Ukwanda kwamandla ngesikhathi sosuku, ngcono ukulala ebusuku -97%
Isifo sohlobo 2 siqala kancane. Ushukela wegazi usukhule iminyaka, kancane kancane usondela emgqeni oyingozi. Isifo sikashukela asenzeki ngokushesha. Iminyaka eyi-5 yokuqala, imvamisa ayinazo izimpawu. Njengomthetho, ngalesi sikhathi usungathola izinkinga zokuqala ezingumphumela kashukela wegazi ophakeme njalo.
Siqala kanjani isifo sikashukela:
- Okokuqala, ukumelana ne-insulin kuvela. Lokhu ukumelana kwamaseli esenzweni se-insulin - i-hormone esiza i-glucose egazini ukuthi idlulele emisipha. Ushukela uqala ukunqwabelana emithanjeni, ngalesi sigaba uhlala isikhathi eside egazini ngemuva kokudla. Ukuhlaziywa kwe- “Glucose esiswini esingenalutho” kusesejwayelekile, izimpawu zesifo sikashukela kowesifazane ziveliswa noma zivezwe buthaka kakhulu.
- Ama-pancreas aqala ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin, kuyilapho ukumelana ne-insulin kuyanda. Ngenxa yalokho, eminyakeni yokuqala yesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, izinga le-glucose ne-insulin egazini landa, kuvela izimpawu zokuqala zesifo. Okwamanje, isifo sikashukela singatholakala kusetshenziswa isivivinyo sokudla ushukela esivamile.
- Kancane kancane, i-insulin synthesis iyancipha, ushukela wegazi uqala ukukhula ngamandla avuselelwe. Izimpawu zesifo zichazwa kahle.
Uhlobo 1 lwesifo sikashukela esingajwayelekile yisifo sentsha. Kwabesifazane ngemuva kweminyaka engama-30, kuyaqabukela. Ukuqala kwalolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela kuqinile, izimpawu ziyavela ngokushesha, isimo sezempilo siba sibi kakhulu, futhi iziguli zidinga ukulashwa esibhedlela ngokuphuthumayo.
Izimpawu zombili izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela ziyefana:
- Ukomelela, ulwelwesi olomile nolusu, ukukhwezwa kwesikhumba nokukhishwa komchamo kuyizimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo, indlela umzimba osabela ngayo ekukhuphukeni kokuxinana kwegazi ngenxa yokwanda kwe-glucose kuyo.
- Ukwanda kwesifiso sokudla. Ekuqaleni kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, lolu phawu luhlanganiswa nenzuzo ebukhali yesisindo. Uhlobo lwe-1 nohlobo 2 olwaqalwa lubonakala ngokuncipha kwesisindo, naphezu kokudla okunempilo.
- Ukukhathala okuhlala njalo, ukunciphisa ukulala, ukudangala.
- Ukulimazeka okubukwayo, ukubonakala kwesihenqo esivela phambi kwamehlo, izimpukane, izindawo ezimpunga ezimpunga ziyizimpawu zesifo sikashukela esithuthukile kwabesifazane abanamazinga aphezulu kashukela.
- Ukumelana kabi nokutheleleka. Ukutheleleka njalo kwamagciwane okuphefumula okujwayelekile, okuqhubeka kakhulu futhi kube nezinkinga zamagciwane, i-gingivitis.
- Ukuzwa okungathandeki emilenzeni - ukubindeka, ukudonsa, ukuqina kwemisipha.
- Ukwehla kwezakhiwo zokuvuselela isikhumba. Ukuphiliswa isikhathi eside, noma ngomonakalo omncane. Imivimbo engu-pustular ebusweni, esifubeni, emuva.
- Isibonakaliso sekwephuzile ubuthakathaka nephunga elibukhali lamakhemikhali ngenxa yokuqongelela i-acetone emzimbeni.
- Izimpawu ezejwayelekile zesifo sikashukela kubantu besifazane ukwehla kwe-drive drive nokwenza ucansi oluphindaphindeka, olungaphenduki neze.
Izimbangela eziphambili zesifo sikashukela kubantu besifazane
Izici ezivusa uhlobo 2 kwabesifazane ziyaziwa:
| Izizathu | Incazelo |
| Isisindo esiningi | Inkomba yesisindo somzimba yabanesifo sikashukela ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo iphezulu kunokwejwayelekile, imvamisa ingaphezu kwama-27. Izimpawu zangaphandle ziyisisu esishiwo, umthamo okhalweni ungaphezulu kuka-80 cm (noma umphumela wokuhlukanisa umthamo okhalweni ngevolumu kungaphezulu kuka-0.8). Amafutha we-Visceral, aqongelela izitho zomzimba, athinta ikakhulukazi izinqubo ze-metabolic. Ukufakwa kwamathanga we-subcutaneous, isimilo sabesifazane abaningi, akunangozi. |
| Ukungondleki | Isifo sikashukela sikhipha ushukela ophansi ekudleni (ukudla okune-fiber-rich), ushukela omisiwe, ukudla okulula, namazambane. Akukho ukudla okulimaza kangako okudumile ngokufakwa okuphelele kusuka kumenyu yanoma iliphi iqembu lemikhiqizo. Isibonelo, ukondleka okungenama-gluten, uma kungakhonjisiwe, kwandisa ubungozi bokuthola isifo sikashukela nge-13%. |
| Umsebenzi ophansi | Ukuntuleka Kwezemidlalo. Ukuzivocavoca okukhulu, ukuhamba amabanga amade akuvamile. Isibonakaliso sengozi enkulu yesifo sikashukela ukuntuleka kwesisindo semisipha. |
| Ukuqagela komndeni | Ingozi yokugula iphakeme kwabesifazane abanabazali abanesifo sikashukela. |
| Izifo ezibangela ukumelana ne-insulin | I-ovary yePolycystic ayilimazi kuphela ikhono lokukhulelwa, kodwa futhi ithinta kabi izinqubo ze-metabolic kwabesifazane. |
| Isifo sikashukela se-Gestational (sikhuphuke ushukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa) siphela ngokushesha ngemuva kokubeletha, kepha singabuya njengohlobo 2 lwesifo maphakathi nogugile. | |
| Ukuzalwa kwengane enkulu | Abesifazane ababelethe ingane enesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu maningi amathuba okuba nesifo sikashukela. Inhlangano yalesi sibonakaliso nesifo sikashukela isisunguliwe, kepha ayikafundwa. |
| Ukudana | Isifo sikashukela kubantu besifazane abacindezelekile senzeka kakhulu kuma-20% kunakwabanye. |
| Iyacubungula | Abesifazane ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala engama-40 basebenza amahora angaphezu kwama-45 ngeviki banengozi ephezulu yesifo sikashukela kunabesifazane abasebenza amahora angama-35 ukuya kwengama-40. Ebantwini, lobu budlelwano abutholakalanga. |
| Ukuncelisa | I-HBV okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha inciphisa ushukela ngamaphesenti angama-47 uma kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane abangancelanga ibele. |
Izindlela zokuxilonga
Uma ungazihluphi ngokuhlolwa okujwayelekile, isifo sikashukela sizotholwa ezigabeni zakamuva, ngoba azikho izimpawu zokuma ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo, futhi izimpawu ezimbalwa zowesifazane zibangelwa ukukhathala noma iminyaka yobudala.
Ungasibona kanjani isifo sikashukela:
- Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwezempilo kwamahhala emtholampilo, okwenzeka njalo eminyakeni emi-3, abesifazane kufanele banikele ngegazi ngoshukela. Lolu cwaningo lunembile impela futhi likuvumela ukuthi uthole isifo sikashukela lapho nje ushukela wokuzila usuqala ukukhula. Njengamanje, lesi sifo sibhekwa njengesiqinisekisiwe uma i-glucose yokuzila ukudla yayingaphezu kwe-7 emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa okungenani okungabili. Isimo soshukela singu-5.9, kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60 - 6.4 >> Isimo soshukela wegazi kwabesifazane ngemuva kweminyaka engama-60. Uma umphumela uphakathi kokujwayelekile no-7, lesi simo sithathwa njengophawu lokuba sengozini enkulu yesifo sikashukela. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, i-prediabetes iqhubeka ngokushesha, ushukela uyakhula.
- Izinga lokutholwa kwesifo sikashukela, elinamathela kwi-WHO, isifundo se-glycated hemoglobin. Lokhu kuhlaziywa kubhekwa kunembe ngokwengeziwe, ngoba kukuvumela ukuthi ukhombe ukwenyuka njalo koshukela ezinyangeni ezi-3. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komtholampilo, i-hemoglobin ye-glycated inikezwa uma ushukela esiswini esingenalutho uphakeme kunokujwayelekile. Okujwayelekile kubhekwa njengomphumela ongezansi kuka-5.9; i-prediabetes - 6-6.4; isifo sikashukela mellitus - kusuka ku-6.5.
- Izinkinga nge-metabolism ushukela zingabonakala ngaphambi kokuthi kubonakale izimpawu zesifo sikashukela kubantu besifazane, futhi nangaphambi kokuba i-glucose yokuzila ukudla iqale ukwanda. Ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela ushukela kuyakwazi lokhu. Lokhu kuhlolwa akufakiwe kuhlu lokuhlolwa kwamahhala, kepha kungenziwa kunoma yiliphi ilabhoratri yezentengiso. Ucwaningo luthatha amahora ama-2, igazi lithathwa okungenani izikhathi ezi-2: okokuqala ngesisu esingenalutho, bese kuthi ngemuva kokudla ushukela. Izinga likashukela esilinganisweni sokugcina esingezansi kuka-7.8 libonisa ukuthi i-carbohydrate metabolism kuyinto ejwayelekile, isifo sikashukela asikho. Umphumela ngenhla kwe-11.1 uwuphawu lwesifo sikashukela, kusuka ku-7.8 kuya ku-11 - isifo se-prediabetes.
Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela ezigabeni ezihlukene
Awukho ngisho nomuthi wesifo sikashukela osezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu ongamisa ukwanda kwalesi sifo. Imisebenzi yama-pancreas izoncipha ngokuqinile kuze kube yilapho ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin sekuqaliwe ngokuphelele. Ukunwebeka ukwakheka kwe-insulin kungakhawulela kuphela ukuphuma kweglucose egazini ngokubheka nsuku zonke indlela odla ngayo. Kungakho ukudla kuyindlela eyinhloko yokwelapha isifo sikashukela.
Imigomo yokudla:
| Okuqukethwe kwekhalori | Yehlisiwe, inhloso ukunciphisa kancane kancane kwesisindo. |
| Ama-carbohydrate | Umkhawulo obukhali wama-carbohydrate alula. Zitholakala ngobuningi bazo hhayi ushukela kuphela, kepha futhi kuyo yonke imikhiqizo ye-confectionery, uju, amazambane, izithelo ezimnandi, namakhekhe, nezinye izinhlamvu: ilayisi, i-semolina. Amaswidi we- "diabetesic" fructose awathandeki, ngoba asheshisa ukukhula kwenye yezinkinga zesifo sikashukela - i-hepatosis enamafutha. |
| Amafutha | Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha ezilwane ukuvikela izinguquko ze-pathological emikhunjini. |
| Ama-squirrels | Kuvunyelwe ngaphandle kwemikhawulo. |
| Intambo | Imifino eminingi esetshenzwe kancane, iklabishi elihlukahlukene. |
| Amavithamini | Kungcono ukuthatha ngokungeziwe, njengoba isidingo sabo kwabesifazane abanesifo sikashukela sanda. |
Ukusheshisa ukuthathwa kwe-glucose futhi kunciphise ukumelana ne-insulin, abesifazane abanesifo sikashukela bayanconywa ukuba basebenzise ezemidlalo okungenani imizuzu eyi-150 ngesonto. Uma ezemidlalo nokudla akwanele, engeza amaphilisi. Imithi ejwayelekile yesifo sikashukela yiMetformin ne-sulfonylureas.
I-Metformin ingabekwa ngisho esigabeni se-prediabetes, ngoba umphumela wayo oyinhloko ukunciphisa ukumelana ne-insulin. Iminyaka yokuqala yokugcina ushukela kokujwayelekile kungenzeka kuphela ngosizo lokudla, ezemidlalo neMetformin.
Lapho ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kuqala ukwehla (ngokwesilinganiso seminyaka emi-5 ukusuka ekuqaleni kwesifo sikashukela), i-sulfonylurea yengezwa kuMetformin. Izidakamizwa ezivame kakhulu, ezisebenzayo neziphephile i-Amaril nezinhlobo zayo eziningi ezisuselwa ku-glimepiride, Diabeteson kanye ne-analogues ene-gliclazide yesikhathi eside.
Izinkinga nemiphumela
Izisulu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela yimikhumbi yowesifazane. Imisebe yabo ekhanyayo, izindonga ziphelelwa amandla, ama-capillaries ahluleka ngokuphelele. Ngenxa yomonakalo kwinethiwekhi yemithambo, zonke izitho ziyahlupheka, kepha ikakhulukazi amehlo (i-retinopathy) nezinso (nephropathy). Ingozi yesifo senhliziyo e-coronary, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, i-thrombosis inyuka kakhulu.
Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-50, isifo sikashukela sibi kakhulu empilweni ye-premenopausal. Ingozi yokutheleleka esithweni sangasese sowesifazane inyuka kakhulu, ukulala kubi kakhulu, ukugqwala okushisayo kuyaqina - indlela ejwayelekile kashukela wegazi kwabesifazane ngemuva kweminyaka engama-50.
Isifo sikashukela siyingozi nasezinhlungwini zowesifazane. I-polyneuropathy, i-encephalopathy, i-libido enciphile iyimiphumela ejwayelekile kashukela omningi. Ukuwohloka kokuhlinzekelwa kwegazi kuhlangene ne-neuropathy kuholela kwizilonda emikhawulweni engezansi okunzima ukuyelapha futhi kungahoqiwe.
Ukuvimbela
Isifo sikashukela asikwazi ukwelapheka, kepha singavinjelwa, noma ngabe sesigabeni se-prediabetes. Kufakazelwe izindlela zokuvimbela ezisebenzayo:
- Ukunyuka kwesisindo semisipha.
- Ukwehla kwesisindo. Nge-prediabetes, abesifazane bayalulekwa ukuba banciphise okungenani i-7% yesisindo sabo sokuqala.
- Ukuzivocavoca i-aerobic (ukudansa, ukugijima, ukubhukuda ngejubane elisheshayo nokunye) okungenani isigamu sehora ngosuku.
- I-Metformin, uma kungekho okuphikisana.
