Amazinga kashukela wegazi ku-prediabetes. Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela nokuthi ungaselapha kanjani

Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 siqala kancane kancane, kube nezinkinga zokuphazamiseka kwe-carbohydrate metabolism amashumi eminyaka, kanti kwabanye kusukela ebuntwaneni. Isifo sikashukela sihlala iminyaka eminingi kuze kube yilapho izinguquko ze-pathological ziba sibucayi, futhi amazinga kashukela ahlala ephakeme. Kusungulwe ukuthi e-United States ingxenye yesithathu yabantu isesigabeni se-prediabetes, okungukuthi, isinyathelo esisodwa esengeziwe, futhi bayozithola sebesezingeni lesifo esingalapheki. Azikho izifundo ezifanayo ezenziwayo eRussia, kepha izibalo kungenzeka zingathemba kakhulu.

Isifo sikashukela singatholakala kalula futhi, ngokubekezela okwanele, selashwa ngokuphelele. Iziguli zivame ukungayibukeli phansi ingozi yalokhu kutholwa, amaphesenti angama-42 kuphela aqala ukwelashwa. Njalo ngonyaka, ama-10% alezo ziguli avumela konke ukuba kwenzeke ngengozi, athuthukise isifo sikashukela.

I-prediabetes futhi ngubani othambekele kuyo

Isimo lapho umzimba we-carbohydrate metabolism usuvele ukhubazekile, ushukela ungaphezulu kokujwayelekile, kepha hhayi ukuthi ungakhuluma ngohlobo lwesifo sikashukela 2, ubizwa ngokuthi yi-prediabetes.

Phambilini, bekuthathwa njengesigaba se-zero sesifo sikashukela, manje isisodwa kwisifo esihlukile. Izinguquko zokuqala kumetabolism kunzima ukuzibona zodwa, kodwa kulula ukubona ukuthi zinjani izivivinyo zaselebhu.

Isifo sikashukela nokucindezela kuzoba yinto yesikhathi esedlule

• Ukwehlela ushukela -95%
• Ukuqedwa kwe-vein thrombosis - 70%
• Ukuqedwa kokushaya kwenhliziyo okuqinile -90%
• Ukuqeda umfutho wegazi ophakeme - 92%
• Ukwanda kwamandla ngesikhathi sosuku, ngcono ukulala ebusuku -97%

Izinhlobo zokuhlaziya:

1. Ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela kwe-glucose kuthathwa njengethembeke kakhulu ekutholakaleni kwe-prediabetes, ngoba iziguli eziningi zivame ukungabekezeleli ukubekelwa phansi koshukela. Kuyisilinganiso sezinga lokuthathwa koshukela kwezicubu. Izinga likashukela kumuntu ophile kahle lijwayelekile emahoreni ama-2 ngemuva kokudla. Nge-prediabetes, kuzoba okungenani i-7.8 mmol / L.
2. Ukuzila ukudla kwe-Glycemia. Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela kwenziwa lapho ushukela osheshayo egazini lesiguli udlula u-7 mmol / L. Okujwayelekile kungaphansi kuka-6 mmol / l. I-Prediabetes - zonke izinkomba ziphakathi kuka-6 no-7 mmol / L. Kumayelana negazi le-venous. Uma ukuhlaziywa kuthathwa emunweni, izinombolo zincipha kancane - 6.1 no-5.6 - ukuthi ungalinikela kanjani igazi ngoshukela.
3. Ukuzila insulin. Lapho ushukela uyeka ukuqedwa egazini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amanyikwe awandisa umsebenzi wawo. Amathuba we-prediabetes aphezulu uma izinga le-insulin likhulu kune-13 μMU / ml.
4. IGlycated Hemoglobin kukhombisa ukuthi ngabe sekukhona yini ukwenyuka koshukela wegazi ezinyangeni ezi-3 ezedlule. Okujwayelekile kufinyelela ku-5.7%. Isifo sikashukela - sifinyelela ku-6.4%. Ngenhla sikashukela.

Isidingo nokuvama kokuhlaziywa:

Izici ezikhulisa amathuba okuba nesifo sikashukela:

1. Ukucindezela okukhulu kune-140/90 kuhlanganiswe ne-cholesterol ephakeme ne-triglycerides.
2. Izihlobo zomugqa wokuqala zigula ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
3. Unesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa okungenani okungenani kokukhulelwa kwakho.
4. Isifo sikashukela sokutholwa kumama wakho.
5. Isisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu amane ngokuzalwa.
6. Ungowokuncintisana kweNegroid noma iMongoloid.
7. Izinga eliphansi lomsebenzi womzimba (ngaphansi kwamahora ama-3 ngeviki).
8. Ukuba khona kwe-hypoglycemia (ukwehla kwamazinga kashukela ngezansi okujwayelekile phakathi kokudla, uphawu oluphambili kungukuthuthumela kwangaphakathi ngesikhathi sokulamba).
9. Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwama-diuretics, estrogen, glucocorticoids.
10. Ukuphuza izinkomishi ezingaphezu kuka-3 zekhofi ngosuku.
11. Isifo esingamahlalakhona esingelapheki.
12. Imivimbo yesikhumba ejwayelekile, amathumba.

Izizathu zokuthuthuka

Isizathu esiyinhloko sokwelapha i-prediabetes kanye nohlobo lwesibili sikashukela ukwanda kokumelana kwezicubu kwe-insulin. I-insulin yi-hormone, omunye wemisebenzi yayo ukulethwa kweglucose kumaseli womzimba. Kumaseli ngokubamba kwakhe iqhaza, kusabela okuningana kwamakhemikhali okwenzeka, ngenxa yalokho kukhululwa amandla. IGlucose ingena egazini ivela ekudleni. Uma amaswidi, njengamakhekhe noma amaswidi, ebedliwa, ushukela wegazi ukhuphuka kakhulu, ngoba lolu hlobo lwe-carbohydrate luthakwa ngokushesha. Ama-pancreas aphendula kulokhu kukhululwa ngokwanda kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin, imvamisa ngemajini. Uma ama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi, njengosanhlamvu noma imifino enesibalo esikhulu, inikezwa ngokudla, ushukela uhanjiswa kancane, ngoba kuthatha isikhathi ukuwuhlikihla. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-insulin ikhiqizwa ngamanani amancane, anele nje ukuchitha lonke ushukela okweqile ezicutshini.

Uma kunoshukela omningi egazini, kuza lapho kaningi ngama-batches amakhulu, futhi amanani awo adlula kakhulu izidingo zamandla omzimba, ukumelana ne-insulin kancane kancane kuqala ukukhula. Limelela ukwehla kokusebenza kwe-insulin. Ama-Receptors kuma-membranes weseli ayeka ukuqaphela i-hormone futhi avumele i-glucose, izinga likashukela likhuphuke, kuqala ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela.

Ngaphezu kokumelana ne-insulin, imbangela yalesi sifo ingaba ukukhiqizwa okunganele kwe-insulin ngenxa ye-pancreatitis, isimila (isb. Insulinoma), ushintsho lwe-cystic, nokulimala kwe-pancreatic.

Izimpawu ze-prediabetes kanye nezimpawu

Ngenxa yokuthi nge-prediabetes, ushintsho ekwakhekeni kwegazi alunalutho, alunazimpawu ezicacile. Iziguli ezinenkinga yokuqala yokudla emzimbeni zibona ezinye izinkinga futhi zibonana nodokotela kuyaqabukela. Imvamisa, impilo engeyinhle ibangelwa ukukhathala, ukuntuleka kwamavithamini kanye namaminerali kanye nokungatheleleki kahle komzimba.

Zonke izimpawu zesifo sikashukela zihambisana namazinga kashukela akhuphukile. Kwatholakala ukuthi ukulimala okuncane emithanjeni nasezinzwa zesiguli kuqala noma ngaphambi kokuba nesifo sikashukela.

Izimpawu ezingaba khona:

1. Ukoma okwandayo, ulwelwesi lwe-mucous olomile, isikhumba esinamanzi, nesiphunga. Lezi zimpawu zichazwa iqiniso lokuthi umzimba udinga uketshezi olwengeziwe ukwehlisa ushukela. Ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwamanzi kungabonakala ngenani elandayo lokuchama kanye nethamo lomchamo. Isibonakaliso eshaqisayo ukubukeka kokuvuka ebusuku kube yindlu encane, uma ngaphambili bebengekho.
2. Ukwanda kwendlala ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla komsipha, uma kukhona ukumelana ne-insulin.
3. Ukulunywa kwesikhumba kanye nezitho zangasese. Ngenxa yokukhuphuka kwezinga likashukela, ama-capillaries amancane kakhulu ahlanganiswa futhi abhujiswe. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuphuma kwezinto ezinobuthi kusuka kumaseli kuyehla. Ama-Receptors anophawu lwe-itch awasebenzi kahle.
4. Ukulimazeka okubukwayo okwesikhashana ngendlela yokufiphala, amabala amnyama afiphele. Le yindlela ukuvezwa kwama-capillaries e-retina kubonakala ngayo.
5. Izinduna namathumba esikhunjeni.
6. Imisipha emisipha yethole, imvamisa isondele ekuseni. Lesi sibonakaliso sivele ngokumelana okukhulu kwe-insulin, lapho kuqala ukulamba kwezicubu.
7. Ukuqwasha, umuzwa wokushisa, ukuqubuka okushisayo, ukungasebenzi. Le ndlela umzimba uphendula ngayo emazingeni aphezulu e-insulin.
8. Ukuphindaphindwa kwekhanda ngenxa yomthelela omubi we-glucose emithanjeni yengqondo.
9. Izinsini zokuopha.

Uma kuvela izimpawu ezingabazisayo, kufanele kwenziwe uhlolo lokukhuthazelela ushukela ukukhipha i-prediabetes. Ukulinganisa amazinga kashukela ngemitha ye-glucose yasekhaya akwanele, njengoba la madivaysi enzelwe iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela futhi zingenakho ukunemba okwanele kokuthola izinguquko ezincane ekwakhekeni kwegazi.

> Kwenziwa kanjani ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela i-glucose (GTT)

Ingabe i-prediabetes ingalashwa?

Ikusasa lomuntu onesifo se-prediabetes selisezandleni zakhe ngokuphelele. Uyena kuphela okwazi ukwenza isinqumo. Ungaqhubeka nokuhlala kusihlwa phambi kweTV ngetiye nekhekhe lakho eliyithandayo futhi, ngenxa yalokho, uchithe ukuphela kwempilo yakho ekulweni nesifo sikashukela kanye nezinkinga zalo eziningi. Futhi ungashintsha ngokuphelele ingqondo yakho, indlela yokuphila futhi ubone i-prediabetes njengesikhumbuzo sokuthi ingqondo enempilo ngeke ikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle komzimba ophilile.

Umkhawulo kwimenyu yama-carbohydrate asheshayo, ukuncipha kwesisindo, izimangaliso zomsebenzi wokusebenza ngokomzimba. Ngisho nokuzikhandla okuncane kuyakhokha kaningi. Isibonelo, ukwehla kwesisindo okungama-7% kuphela kunciphisa ubungozi besifo sikashukela cishe ngo-58%. Umuntu oqondiswe ngokulandela yonke imiyalo kadokotela angalapha ngokuphelele i-prediabetes, kuyilapho anciphisa amathuba okuba nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, inhliziyo nesifo sezinso izikhathi eziyi-1.5.

Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela

Uma ukuhlolwa kwe-lab kukhombisa ukungabekezeleli kwe-glucose, udinga ukwenza isikhathi sokuhlangana ne-endocrinologist. Uzobeka ezinye izivivinyo ezingeziwe ukuthola ubungozi besifo sikashukela kungekudala, ukubona izinga lomonakalo odongeni lwemithambo yegazi. Ngendlela engajwayelekile yokukhuluphala (ngokwesibonelo, kwabesifazane bohlobo lwe-android), kuzofundwa isifundo semvelaphi yamahomoni.

Ngokusekelwe olwazini olutholwe ngesimo sempilo, kuzohlanganiswa uhlelo oluqondene nokwelashwa kwe-prediabetes. Inezakhi ezintathu: ukudla okhethekile, ukuvivinya umzimba kanye nemithi. Lezi ezimbili zokuqala ziyimpoqo, ngaphandle kwazo ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic akunakuqedwa. Kepha impumelelo yemithi incane kakhulu. Banciphisa ubungozi besifo sikashukela yingxenye yesithathu kuphela. Ngakho-ke, umuthi ubekwa njengokusekelwa kwabantu abakhuluphele ngokweqile noma uma isiguli sinokuntula ukukhuthazela nokuphikelela ekulandeleni ukudla.

Ukusetshenziswa kokudla okukhethekile

Izinhloso zokudla ukwelashwa kwe-prediabetes:

• ukuncipha kokudla kwekhalori;
• qinisekisa amazinga kashukela afanayo;
• kwehla umthamo weglucose egazini.

Ukwelashwa kwe-prediabetes akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokulahlwa okuphelele kokudla okuvela kumakhamzimba asheshayo. Konke lokhu kuyimikhiqizo enenkomba ye-glycemic ngenhla amayunithi angama-50. Hlola itafula le-GI, unake ukudla okunenkomba ephansi, okutholakale kungakhohlwa ngokungafanele kwimenyu yakho. Vula ama-cookbook noma amasayithi, thola izindlela zokupheka ngokususelwa kuzo. Uma ukwazi ukwakha hhayi nje okunempilo, kepha futhi okumnandi kuwe ekudleni, lokhu kuzoba yisinyathelo esikhulu ekunqobeni i-prediabetes.

Yini okufanele uyenze ukwenza lokhu kudla nge-prediabetes kuphumelele ngangokunokwenzeka:

1. Gcwalisa isiqandisi sakho ngokudla okuvunyelwe ukuze ungalingwa yingozi. Thatha uhlu lwemikhiqizo esitolo ukuze ukhiphe ukuthengwa okungahleliwe.
2. Ukuhlobisa izitsha ezenziwe ngomumo, ukudala umoya opholile, funa abantu abanomqondo ofanayo. Ngamafuphi, yenza konke ukuze ukudla kungabonakali njengokucindezela, kepha njengesinyathelo esisendleleni eya empilweni enempilo.
3. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ushukela ungena egazini ngokulinganayo, yidla ngezingxenye ezincanyana amahlandla ama-5 ngosuku.
4. Lapho usuka ekhaya, thatha ukudla nawe. Kwisifo sikashukela, ungadla imifino ebunjiwe, amantongomane, kanye nezinkwa zokusanhlamvu okugcwele njenge-snack.
5. Yekani ukufaka ushukela etiyeni. Uma ungakwazi ukubekezelela ukunambitheka okusha, thenga i-sweetener.
6. Nikeza ikhofi ngokuphelele. Ngokufakwa kancane kwe-caffeine emzimbeni wakho, ngisho nokusebenzisa ngokulingana kwalesi siphuzo okwenziwe okwesithathu kukhulisa ubungozi besifo sikashukela.
7. Xhumana nesazi se-endocrinologist. Uma unamazinga aphezulu we-insulin, imikhiqizo yobisi kuzodingeka ikhanseliwe izinyanga ezimbalwa. Kusungulwe ukuthi banenkomba ye-insulin ephezulu, okungukuthi, bavusa ukukhishwa ngokweqile kwe-hormone.

Ukushintsha indlela odla ngayo nge-prediabetes kunzima impela. Ngisho nomzimba wakho uzokulwa nawe. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, usejwayele ukukhiqizwa kwamandla okulula, ngakho-ke noma yikuphi ukudla ngaphandle kwama-carbohydrate asheshayo kuzobonakala kungenampilo futhi kungagculisi. Kuthatha isikhathi, ngokuvamile cishe izinyanga ezi-2, ukwakha kabusha umzimba. Uma ukwazi ukubekezelela lesi sikhathi, uzomangala ukuzwa ukuthi imifino emisha en nenyama ingaba emnandi, nezithelo zestreshi ziletha injabulo kungaphansi kwesiqeshana sekhekhe.

Umsebenzi womzimba wezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene

Ukulungiswa kokudla okungenamsoco kwe-prediabetes akwanele. Akudingeki nje ukuqinisa ukuzinzisa ushukela emzimbeni, kodwa futhi nokusungula izindlela zokufakwa kwayo. Indlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokunciphisa ukumelana ne-insulin nokwenza ngcono ukuphuma kweglucose kusuka egazini ukungena emangqamuzaneni ngokusebenzisa ukuzivocavoca okuhlelekile. Imisipha ingukuthenga okukhulu kwamandla emizimbeni yethu. Lapho besebenza kakhulu, izinga likashukela lizokwehla.

Ukuqeda i-prediabetes, ukuba ngumsubathi akudingekile. Kukholelwa ukuthi ekwelapheni ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic, ukuzilolonga okwenziwa isigamu sehora nsuku zonke noma ngehora kathathu ngeviki kwanele.

Umgomo wokuqala osendleleni eya empilweni enempilo ukwephula umkhuba wokuhlala kakhulu osukwini. Qala ukuhamba - hamba kusihlwa, kancane kancane ukhulisa ijubane nebanga. Yiya emsebenzini, ukhuphuke izitebhisi, hhayi i-lifti, yenza izivivinyo ezilula ngenkathi ubukele i-TV noma ingxoxo ngocingo.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuqeqeshwa ejwayelekile. Khetha isifundo osithandayo, hlola nodokotela wakho uma kuvunyelwe esimweni sakho sempilo. Kubantu abakhuluphele, kunconyelwa noma yiliphi ipuli noma ukuzivocavoca umzimba. Ngokweqile kwesisindo - ukugijima, imidlalo yeqembu, imidlalo yasebusika, ukudansa, ukuqina.

Ekuqaleni kokuqeqeshwa, into esemqoka ukungakusho ngokweqile. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kufanele kunikeze ukukhuphuka okulingene kwesilinganiso senhliziyo. Uma ukhathele, yehlisa ijubane. Kungcono ukufeza umgomo wakho ngemuva kwesikhashana kunokuba ushiye umncintiswano ngokwahlukaniswa ukwelashwa.

Ukuba nomsebenzi owandisiwe, ungakhohlwa ngokuphumula okuhle. Ukuze umzimba uhlukane kalula namafutha ahlanganisiwe, udinga ukulala cishe amahora angama-8. I-insulin ikhiqizwa ebusuku ngamanani amancane kakhulu, ngakho-ke igazi elivela kushukela okweqile kumele likhululwe kusengaphambili: usebenze ngokuzikhandla kusihlwa futhi ungadli amahora ama-2 ngaphambi kokulala.

Ngabe izidakamizwa ziyadingeka?

Kaningi kunokuthi, izindlela zokuphila zanele ukwelapha i-prediabetes ngokuphelele. Azama ukunquma izidakamizwa ukuthuthukisa umphumela ukuze ugweme imiphumela emibi engaba khona.

Uma ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu kusukela kuqale ukwelashwa akunamphumela, uzonikezwa iMetformin. Lesi sidakamizwa siyakwazi ukwehlisa ukwakheka kwe-glucose ngesibindi, okusho ukuthi kuzosiza ukwenze i-glycemia ekujwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunciphisa ukumelana ne-insulin, okungukuthi, ngemuva kokudla, ushukela ovela egazini uzongena ngokushesha kumaseli. Omunye umphumela omuhle weMetformin ukwehla kokufakwa kweglue kusuka emathunjini. Ingxenye yeglucose eqediwe izodonswa indle.

Ukuphuza iMetformin impilo yakhe yonke ngethemba lokuvimbela isifo sikashukela kuyingozi. Lapho uyithatha, ukuqhakaza, ubuhlungu besisu, ukusabela komzimba kungabonakala. Uma ngasizathu simbe umuthi ngeke udalulwe izinso ngesikhathi, ubungozi be-lactic acidosis buphakeme. Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kuvusa ukuntuleka kwevithamini B12, okugcwele ukufa kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa nokucindezelwa. Ngakho-ke, ukuqokwa kweMetformin kunobulungiswa kuphela kulezo zimo lapho ukwelashwa kungenakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuxhaswa kwezokwelapha. Imvamisa lolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, hhayi i-prediabetes.