Uhlobo 1 diabetesics (akuvamile uhlobo 2) ajwayelana kakhulu nezidakamizwa ze-insulin ezingeke zaphila ngaphandle kwazo. Kunezinguqulo ezahlukahlukene zalesi hormone: isenzo esifushane, ubude besikhathi esiphakathi, ukusebenza isikhathi eside noma okuhlangene. Ngemithi enjalo, kungenzeka ukubuyisa, ukunciphisa noma ukukhuphula izinga lama-hormone kumanyikwe.
Incazelo Yeqembu
Umsebenzi we-insulin ukulawulwa kwezinqubo ze-metabolic kanye nokudla kwamaseli nge-glucose. Uma le hormone ingekho emzimbeni noma ingakhiqwanga ngenani elidingekayo, umuntu usengozini enkulu, ngisho nokufa.
Kuvinjelwe ngokuphelele ukukhetha iqembu lamalungiselelo we-insulin ngokwakho. Lapho ushintsha umuthi noma umthamo, isiguli kufanele sigadiwe futhi silawule izinga le-glucose kwiplasma yegazi. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola ama-aphoyintimenti abalulekile, kufanele uye kudokotela wakho.
Ama-insulin asebenza isikhathi eside, amagama lawo azonikezwa ngudokotela, ajwayele ukusetshenziswa ndawonye nezinye izidakamizwa zesenzo esifushane noma esiphakathi. Ngokuvamile, asetshenziswa ekwelapheni isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Izidakamizwa ezinjalo zihlala zigcina ushukela esezingeni elifanayo, ngaphandle kokuyeka lo mkhakha uphezulu noma phansi.
Imithi enjalo iqala ukuthinta umzimba ngemuva kwamahora angama-4-8, kuthi ukubonwa okukhulu kwe-insulin kutholakale ngemuva kwamahora angama-8-18. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi esiphelele umphumela weglucose - amahora angama-20-30. Imvamisa, umuntu uzodinga inqubo eyi-1 yokufaka injekishini yalesi sidakamizwa, isikhathi esiningi lokhu kwenziwa kabili.
Izinhlobo Ezihlukene Zokuthola Usizo Ngemithi
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zalokhu ku-analogue kwehomoni yomuntu. Ngakho-ke, bahlukanisa i-ultrashort nenguqulo emfushane, ende futhi ihlanganiswe.
Izinhlobonhlobo zokuqala zithinta umzimba imizuzu eyi-15 ngemuva kokwethulwa kwayo, kanti izinga eliphezulu le-insulin lingabonakala emahoreni angama-1-2 ngemuva kokujova ngokungalunganga. Kepha ubude bento esemzimbeni bufushane kakhulu.
Uma sicabangela ama-insulin asebenza isikhathi eside, amagama abo angabekwa etafuleni elikhethekile.
| Igama neqembu lezidakamizwa | Ukuqala kwesenzo | Ubuningi bokuhlushwa | Isikhathi |
| Ukulungiselela i-Ultrashort (Apidra, Humalog, Novorapid) | Imizuzu eyi-10 ngemuva kokuphatha | Ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-30 - amahora ama-2 | Amahora ama-3-4 |
| Imikhiqizo ebambela amafushane (I-Rapid, Actrapid HM, Insuman) | Imizuzu engama-30 ngemuva kokuphathwa | Ngemuva kwamahora ama-1-3 | Amahora angama-6-8 |
| Imithi yesikhathi esiphakathi (Protofan NM, Insuman Bazal, Monotard NM) | Amahora angu-1-2,5 ngemuva kokuphathwa | Ngemuva kwamahora angama-3-15 | 11 amahora |
| Izidakamizwa ezisebenza isikhathi eside (i-Lantus) | Ihora eli-1 ngemuva kokuphatha | Cha | Amahora angama-24- 29 |
Izinzuzo Ezibalulekile
I-insulin ende isetshenziselwa ukulingisa ngokunembile imiphumela ye-hormone yomuntu. Zingahlukaniswa ngombandela ngezigaba ezi-2: ubude besikhathi (kufika emahoreni angama-15) nesenzo se-Ultra-ende, esifinyelela emahoreni angama-30.
Abakhiqizi benza inguqulo yokuqala yesidakamizwa ngendlela yetshezi olimpunga nolunamafu. Ngaphambi kokuphatha lojovo, isiguli kufanele siguqule isitsha ukuze sizuze umbala ofanayo. Kungemva kwalokhu kudukiswa okulula kuphela angakwazi ukukufaka ngokungaqondakali.
I-insulin esebenza isikhathi eside ihlose ukukhulisa kancane ukugxilisa kwayo kanye nokuyigcina isezingeni elifanayo. Ngomzuzwana othile, isikhathi sokufika komkhiqizo esiphezulu sifika, emva kwalokho izinga labo lincipha kancane.
Kubalulekile ukuthi ungaphuthelwa lapho izinga lize, emva kwalokho kufanele kuphuculwe umthamo olandelayo womuthi. Akukho zinguquko ezibukhali kulesi sikhombisi okufanele zivunyelwe, ngakho-ke udokotela uzokubheka imininingwane yempilo yeziguli, ngemuva kwalokho uzokhetha umuthi ofanele kakhulu nomthamo wawo.
Umphumela obushelelezi womzimba ngaphandle kokugxuma okungazelelwe wenza i-insulin esebenza isikhathi eside iphumelele kakhulu ekwelashweni kwesifo sikashukela. Leli qembu lemithi linenye into: kufanele liphathwe ethangeni kuphela, hhayi esiswini noma ezandleni, njengakwezinye izindlela. Lokhu kungenxa yesikhathi sokufakwa komkhiqizo, ngoba kule ndawo kwenzeka kancane kakhulu.
Imvamisa yokusetshenziswa
Isikhathi nobungako bokuphatha kuya ngohlobo lomenzeli. Uma uketshezi lunokungaguquguquki kwamafu, lesi sidakamizwa esinokusebenza okuphezulu, ngakho-ke isikhathi sokuhlushwa okuphezulu senzeka kungakapheli amahora angama-7. Izimali ezinjalo ziphathwa izikhathi ezi-2 ngosuku.
Uma umuthi ungenalo inani eliphakeme lokuhlushwa okukhulu, futhi umphumela wehluka ngesikhathi, kufanele uphathwe isikhathi esingu-1 ngosuku. Ithuluzi libushelelezi, liqinile futhi aliguquguquki. Uketshezi lukhiqizwa ngesimo samanzi acwebile ngaphandle kobukhona besimo esinamafu phansi. I-insulin enwetshiwe enjalo nguLantus noTresiba.
Ukukhetha idosi kubaluleke kakhulu kwabanesifo sikashukela, ngoba ngisho nasebusuku, umuntu angagula. Kufanele ukubheke lokhu futhi wenze umjovo ofanele ngesikhathi. Ukwenza lokhu kukhetha ngokufanele, ikakhulukazi ebusuku, isilinganiso se-glucose kufanele sithathwe phakathi nobusuku. Lokhu kwenziwa kangcono njalo emahoreni ama-2.
Ukuthatha amalungiselelo e-insulin asebenze isikhathi eside, isiguli kuyodingeka ukuthi sihlale ngaphandle kwesidlo sasebusuku. Ngobusuku obulandelayo, umuntu kufanele athathe izilinganiso ezifanele. Isiguli sinikeza amanani atholakele kudokotela, othi, ngemuva kokuhlaziywa, azokhetha iqembu elifanele lama-insulin, igama lomuthi, futhi akhombise umthamo ngqo.
Imiyalo yokusebenzisa
Amalungiselelo we-insulin amafushane futhi abambe isikhathi eside asetshenziswa ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukugcina ingxenye yamaseli we-beta, kanye nokugwema ukuthuthukiswa kwe-ketoacidosis. Iziguli zohlobo lwesibili sikashukela i-mellitus kwesinye isikhathi kufanele ziphathe umuthi onjalo. Isidingo sezenzo ezinjalo sichazwe nje kalula: awunakuvumela ukuguqulwa kwesifo sikashukela kusuka kuhlobo 2 kuya ku-1.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-insulin esebenza isikhathi eside ibekelwa ukucindezela into yokuqala yokusa futhi ilawule amazinga kashukela egazini ekuseni (esiswini esingenalutho). Ukunikeza le mishanguzo, udokotela wakho angakucela irekhodi lokulawulwa ushukela emasontweni amathathu.
Umuthi uLantus
I-insulin esebenza isikhathi eside inamagama ahlukile, kepha iningi leziguli lisebenzisa lona. Umuthi onjalo awudingi ukuthi unyakaziswe ngaphambi kokuphathwa, uketshezi lwawo unombala ocacile nokuvumelana okungaguquki.Abenzi bakhiqiza umuthi ngezindlela eziningana: ipeni ye-syringe ye-OpiSet (3 ml), ama-cartridge ama-Solotar (3 ml) nohlelo olunama-cartridge we-OptiClick.
Embodiment yamuva, kukhona ama-5 ama-cartridge, ngamunye we-5 ml. Esimweni sokuqala, ipeni iyithuluzi elisebenziseka kalula, kepha ama-cartridge kufanele aguqulwe ngaso sonke isikhathi, afaka isirinji. Kuhlelo lweSolotar, awungeke uguqule uketshezi, ngoba luyithuluzi elilahlekayo.
Imiyalo isho isidingo somjovo owodwa, nomthamo uqobo unganqunywa yi-endocrinologist. Lokhu kuzoncika ebukhali balesi sifo nasezimpawu zomntwana ngamunye. Yabela izingane ezingaphezulu kweminyaka engu-6 ubudala kanye nabantu abadala ngokuxilongwa kohlobo 1 noma isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Umuthi u-Levemir Flexpen
Leli igama le-insulin ende. Ubungqabavu baso kukukhula okungavamile kwe-hypoglycemia, uma umenzeli esetshenziselwa ukwelapha iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Ucwaningo olunjalo lwenziwa e-United States. Umuthi, ngokuya ngemiyalo, ungahanjiswa hhayi kuphela kwiziguli zabantu abadala, kodwa futhi nasezinganeni ezindala kuneminyaka emi-2.
Isikhathi sokuchayeka emzimbeni singamahora angama-24, kanti ukugxila okuphezulu kuyabonakala ngemuva kwamahora ayi-14. Kukhishwa umjovo ngesisombululo sesisombululo sokuphathwa okungama-300 IU ku-cartridge ngayinye. Zonke lezi zinto zifakwa uphawu esibayeni sepayipi le-syringe eningi. Iyatholakala. Iphakethe liqukethe ama-5 ama-PC.
Ukuqandeka kwenqatshelwe. Isitolo akufanele sibe ngaphezu kwezinyanga ezingama-30. Ithuluzi lingatholakala kunoma iyiphi ikhemisi, kodwa likhulule kuphela ngencazelo evela kudokotela wakho.
