Ukubhema kanye nohlobo 2 sikashukela yizici zempilo ezingahambisani. INicotine, ewela njalo egazini, icasulula izinkinga eziningi, futhi ukuqeda umkhuba omubi kunethonya elihle empilweni ephelele yesifo sikashukela.
Iziguli ezibhemayo zivame ukuba sengozini yokuba nezifo zenhliziyo, kwehlisa ukusebenza kokujikeleza kwegazi ezindaweni eziphansi. Ukuhlanganiswa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 nokubhema njalo kukhulisa ubungozi bokuthola lezi sifo.
Isixhumanisi phakathi kokubhema noshukela
I-Nicotine ekhona emzimbeni ibangela ukwanda kwezinga le-glucose egazini, ivuselele ukukhiqizwa kwe-cortisol, i-catecholamines. Ngokuhambisana, kukhona ukuncipha kokuzwela kwe-glucose, ngaphansi kwethonya lawo.
Ezifundweni zemitholampilo, kuye kwafakazelwa ukuthi iziguli ezisebenzisa amaphakethe kagwayi owodwa nohhafu ngosuku zivame ukuthuthukisa uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela amahlandla amane kaningi kunalabo abangakaze bathembele emikhiqizweni kagwayi.
Izizathu zengozi yokuhlanganiswa
Izinguquko ezinkulu zenzeka kumetabolism, i-nicotine ibanga ukuphazamiseka ezinqubweni zemvelo.
Kwehliswe ukuzwela kwe-insulin
Ukuhlangana njalo nentuthu kagwayi, izinto eziqukethwe kuyo kuholela ekutholeni ushukela ongafanele. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi inqubo yethonya le-nicotine yandisa ingozi yokuba nesifo sikashukela.
Ukwanda kwesikhashana kwenani le-glucose egazini kuholela ekunciphiseni kokuzwela kwezicubu nezitho zomzimba esenzweni se-insulin. Uhlobo olungapheli lokuncika kukagwayi kuholela ekuzwelweni okuncane. Uma wenqaba ukusebenzisa ugwayi, leli khono libuyela ngokushesha.
Ukuluthwa ugwayi kuhlobene ngqo nokuvela kokukhuluphala. Izinga elikhulayo lama-acid anamafutha emzimbeni wesiguli lingumgogodla wamandla wezicubu zemisipha, licindezela imiphumela ezuzisayo ye-glucose.
I-cortisol ekhiqizwayo ivimbela i-insulin yemvelo ekhona emzimbeni, futhi izinto eziqukethwe intuthu kagwayi zinciphisa ukuhamba kwegazi kuya emisipha, okubangela ukucindezelwa kwe-oxidative.
Isifo se-Metabolic
Kuyinhlanganisela yezifo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi:
- Ukwephulwa kokubekezelela ushukela egazini;
- Izinkinga nge-fat metabolism;
- Ukukhuluphala yinto esezingeni eliphakathi nendawo;
- Umfutho wegazi ophakeme njalo.
Isici esikhulu esibangela i-metabolic syndrome ukwephulwa kwe-insulin susceptibility. Ubudlelwano phakathi kokusetshenziswa kogwayi nokungamelana ne-insulin kubangela ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic yazo zonke izinhlobo emzimbeni.
Yehlisa i-cholesterol ephezulu-emgudwini wegazi, inani elikhulayo lama-triglycerides lifaka isandla ekukhupheni okukhulu kwesisindo somzimba.
IGlucose
Ukwenza amazinga ashukela egazi abe ngokwejwayelekile, ababhemayo abanesifo sikashukela badinga i-insulin eningi kunabantu ababhemayo. Ukuba khona njalo kweglucose ngokweqile kubangela izinkinga eziningi ezingagwenywa ngokuqhekeza umlutha we-nicotine.
Imiphumela yokuxhomekeka okungapheli
Ukusetshenziswa njalo kukagwayi kuvusa izinkinga futhi kubhebhethekisa ukuhamba kwezifo okukhona.
- I-Albuminuria - ibangela ukuvela kokungaphatheki kahle kwe-renal ngenxa yeprotheni ekhona yomchamo njalo.
- IGangrene - enesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, iziveza emaphethelweni aphansi ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kokujikeleza kwegazi. Ukwanda kokubonakala kwegazi, ukuncipha kwe-lumen yemithambo yegazi kungaholela ekunqunyweni kwekhanda elilodwa noma zombili izimbambo - ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwezicubu ezibanzi ze-necrosis.
- I-Glaucoma - kubhekwa njengokubonakaliswa okuyimfihlo komsebenzi ohlanganyelwe wokulutha we-nicotine nesifo sikashukela. Imithambo yegazi emincane yamehlo, ngenxa yalesi sifo samanje, ibhekana kabi nokusebenza kwayo. Ukuphazamiseka kokudla kwezitho zombono kuholela ekulimaleni kwezinzwa. I-retina icekelwa phansi kancane kancane, izikebhe ezintsha (ezinganikezwanga ngesakhiwo sangempela) ziyahluma ku-iris, ukugeleza kwamanzi kuyaphazamiseka, bese kuphakama ingcindezi ye-intraocular.
- Impotence - Ukwehluleka ukuya ocansini kuyaziveza ngemuva kokugeleza kwegazi okulimazayo ukuya emizimbeni ye-cavernous yesitho sangasese sowesilisa.
- Ama-Cataralog a umzimba ongazinzile, ukungondleki kahle kwe-lens yeso kungadala ukugula kunoma iyiphi inkathi yobudala. Amazinga kashukela asikhuphukile ekujuleni kwegazi, ukujikeleza kwe-intraocular kwegazi kuyimbangela eyinhloko yesifo sikashukela esigabeni 2 sikashukela.
- I-ketoacidosis - ebonakala ngokubonakala kwe-acetone emchameni. Lapho ubhema, umzimba awasebenzisi i-glucose ukwenza ukuncipha kwamandla (i-insulin n ibandakanyeka ekuwohlokeni kwayo). Ama-ketones avela ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwamafutha (i-metabolism engasebenzi kahle awasebenzisa njengesisekelo samandla we-metabolism) abangela ubuthi obunobuthi bomzimba.
- I-Neuropathy - kwenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda sokubhujiswa kwemikhumbi emincane yesistimu ejikelezayo ejikelezayo, ebonakala ngokulimala okukhulu kwemicu yezinzwa ezithweni ezahlukahlukene. Ama-Neuropathies angamakhanda okuqala kwezinkinga ngomthamo wokusebenza, ukuthola iqembu lokukhubazeka, ezimweni ezinzima, okubangela ukufa kwesiguli.
- I-Periodontitis ingukugula okucasulwa ukwephulwa kwe-carbohydrate metabolism emzimbeni, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwamazinyo. Ukulahleka kwabo kungabonakala ngaphambi kokuxilongwa kohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela. Ngokunqotshwa osekuvele kusetshenzisiwe futhi kusetshenziswa ngokubambisana ugwayi, lesi sifo siphuma ngaphandle futhi sisongela ngokulahleka kwawo wonke amazinyo akhona.
- Izinhlobo ezihlukile zemivimbo - imvamisa yokunciphisa, i-vasodilation ngenkathi kubhema, kuholela ekuwohlokeni ngokushesha kwezindonga zemithambo yegazi. Ama-capillaries akho amancane awamelani nokusebenza kanzima, aphuka ngokuzenzakalelayo. Imithambo eyonakalisiwe ebuchosheni ivusa ukukhula kwesifo sohlangothi lwe-hemorrhagic, silandelwe ukuqina kokuthinta izicubu zayo. Ama-capillaries ancishiswe ngemuva kwesizinda se-atherosclerosis esizinzile ngesikhathi sekhefu kubangela uhlobo lokuhlaselwa i-ischemic.
- I-Endarteritis i-patological spasm yezindonga zemithambo yegazi yesistimu yokujikeleza ngenxa yokuchayeka kwezinto eziqukethwe intuthu kagwayi. Imikhumbi encishiswe ngokuqinile iholela ekungondleki kwezicubu, okuholela ekuqubukeni kobuhlungu obuzinzile nobuhlungu besikhumba.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga kanye nesivinini sokuvela kwazo kuncike esimweni esivamile somzimba wesifo sikashukela, isandulela sofuzo ezinhlotsheni ezithile zokugula. Lapho uxazulula inkinga yokuncika kukagwayi, ubungozi bokuthi kwehle buyehla kaningana.
Ukuxazululwa kwezinkinga
Ukubhema noshukela kuyizinto ezingahambelani ngokuphelele futhi akunandaba ukuthi isiguli besisebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi iminyaka emingaki. Uma kwenzeka wenqaba ukuxhomekeka okungapheli, amathuba wesiguli sokushintsha isimo ngokujwayelekile, okwandisa ukwanda kwesikhathi sokuphila.
Isifo sikashukela samanje sesigaba sesibili sidinga ukuqeda umlutha, indlela yokuphila eguqukayo. Kunezindlela eziningi nentuthuko engasiza umlutha ekwelashweni. Phakathi kwendlela ejwayelekile kuphawuliwe:
- Ukwenza amakhodi ngosizo lwe-narcologist (enalesi siqu kanye nelayisense);
- Ukwelashwa ngamakhambi;
- Iziqongo;
- Itshungama;
- Ama-Inhalers;
- Izinhlobo ezibunjiwe zemithi.
Izimo ezicindezelayo zithinta ukusebenza komzimba wonke futhi ukubhema kungumthombo owengeziwe, hhayi ithuluzi elisizayo kubo. Lapho wenqaba umkhuba omubi, iziguli zivame ukuzwa ukwanda kwesisindo somzimba, ezingalawulwa ngokudla okukhethekile nokuhamba njalo (ukuzivocavoca umzimba).
Isisindo esingeqile akusona isizathu sokwenqaba ukuxazulula inkinga yokulutha okungapheli kwe-nicotine. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abaningi ababhemayo bakhuluphele futhi ugwayi awunamphumela kuye.
