Isifo Sikashukela Soshukela

I-insulin yi-hormone ekhiqizwa ama-pancreas. Unesibopho sokulawula ushukela wegazi. Lapho i-insulin ingena emzimbeni, izinqubo ze-oxidative ziyaqala: i-glucose iphuliwe ibe yi-glycogen, amaprotheni namafutha. Uma inani elanele laleli hormone lingena egazini, kwakheka isifo esibizwa ngokuthi isifo sikashukela.

Ngohlobo lwesibili sikashukela, isiguli kudingeka sinxephezele ukuntuleka kwe-hormone ejwayelekile ngomjovo. Ngokusebenzisa kahle, i-insulin inenzuzo kuphela, kepha kuyadingeka ukukhetha ngokucophelela umthamo wayo nemvamisa yokuwusebenzisa.

Kungani abanesifo sikashukela bedinga i-insulin?

I-insulin yi-hormone eyenzelwe ukulawula amazinga kashukela egazini. Uma ngesizathu esithile iba yincane, kuyakheka isifo sikashukela. Ngendlela yesibili yalokhu kugula, akunakwenzeka ukunxephezela ukusweleka ngamathebulethi uwodwa noma nokudla okufanele. Kulokhu, kunqunywe imijovo ye-insulin.

Kuklanyelwe ukubuyisa ukusebenza okujwayelekile kohlelo lokulawula, olungonakalisiwe ama-pancreas. Ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto ezingezinhle, lesi sitho siqala ukuncipha futhi singabe sisakwazi ukukhiqiza ama-hormone anele. Kulokhu, isiguli sitholakala sinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Ukuphambuka okunjalo kungacasulwa ngu:

• Inkambo engeyona ejwayelekile yesifo sikashukela;
• Amazinga aphezulu kashukela - ngaphezulu kwe-9 mmol / l;
• Ukuthatha izidakamizwa ezisuselwa sulfonylurea ngamanani amakhulu.

Izinkomba ze-insulin

Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-pancreatic yisona sizathu esiyinhloko esenza abantu baphoqeleke ukuthi bajove nge-insulin. Lesi sitho se-endocrine sibaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni izinqubo ezijwayelekile ze-metabolic emzimbeni. Uma uyeka ukusebenza noma wenza ngokwengxenye, ukwehluleka kwezinye izitho nezinhlelo kwenzeka.

Amangqamuzana e-beta aqondisa amanyikwe kukhiqizwa ukukhiqiza i-insulin yemvelo. Ngaphansi kwethonya lobudala noma ezinye izifo, bayabhujiswa futhi bafe - abasakwazi ukukhiqiza i-insulin. Ochwepheshe baphawula ukuthi kubantu abanohlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela ngemuva kweminyaka engama-7 000, kunesidingo sokwelashwa okunjalo.

Izizathu ezinkulu zokunquma i-insulin yilezi ezilandelayo:

• I-Hyperglycemia, lapho ushukela wegazi ukhuphuka ngaphezu kwezinga le-9 mmol / l;
• Ukuphelelwa ngamandla kwe-pancreatic noma isifo;
• Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane onesifo sikashukela;
• Ukuphoqelelwa ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa nezidakamizwa eziqukethe i-sulfonylurea;
• Ukwanda kwezifo ezingalapheki ezithinta i-pancreas.

Futhi, le hormone isiza ukudlulisa izinqubo zokuvuvukala emzimbeni wanoma iyiphi imvelo ngaphandle kobuhlungu. Imijovo ye-insulin ibekelwe abantu abane-neuropathy, ehambisana nobuhlungu obukhulu, kanye ne-atherosclerosis. Ukuze kusebenze ukusebenza okujwayelekile komzimba, ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kuboniswa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe nababambisayo.

Ngenxa yokungazi kwabo, iziguli eziningi zizama ukungakuqali ukwelashwa kwe-insulin isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka. Bakholelwa ukuthi leli yiphuzu lokungabuyi, okukhombisa i-pathology engathi sína. Eqinisweni, akukho lutho okufanele sikhathazeke ngalo imijovo enjalo. I-insulin yinto ezosiza umzimba wakho ukuthi usebenze ngokugcwele, futhi kufanele ukhohlwe ngesifo sakho esingelapheki. Ngemijovo ejwayelekile, ungakhohlwa ngemibukiso emibi yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.

Izinhlobo ze-insulin

Abakhiqizi bezidakamizwa banamuhla baqala inani elikhulu lezidakamizwa ezisuselwa ku-insulin. Le hormone ihloselwe kuphela ukwelashwa kwesondlo sikashukela. Lapho esegazini, ibopha ushukela bese iyikhipha emzimbeni.

Kuze kube manje, ama-insulin anezinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• Isenzo se-Ultrashort - sisebenza ngokushesha;
• Isenzo esifushane - kwehluka kancane kancane futhi kubushelelezi;
• Isikhathi esiphakathi - qalisa ukwenza isenzo amahora ama-1-2 ngemuva kokuphathwa;
• Ukwenza isikhathi eside - ifomu elivame kakhulu, eliqinisekisa ukusebenza okujwayelekile komzimba amahora angama-6-8.

I-insulin yokuqala yakhiwa ngabantu ngo-1978. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho ososayensi baseBrithani baphoqa u-E. coli ukuthi akhiqize le hormone. Ukukhiqizwa okuningana kwama-ampoules nomuthi kuqale ngo-1982 ne-United States. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 baphoqelelwa ukuthi bajove ingulube yengulube. Ukwelashwa okunjalo kuhlale kubangela imiphumela emibi ngendlela yokusabela okukhulu komzimba. Namuhla, yonke i-insulin ivela emendweni, ngakho-ke umuthi awubangeli noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi.

Ukuhlela Ukwelashwa Kwe-Insulin

Ngaphambi kokuya kudokotela ukuyokwakha irejimeni yokwelashwa kwe-insulin, udinga ukwenza ucwaningo olunamandla kashukela wegazi.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, nsuku zonke ngeviki udinga ukunikela ngegazi ushukela.

Ngemuva kokuthola imiphumela yocwaningo, ungaya kudokotela onguchwepheshe. Ukuthola imiphumela eyiqiniso kunazo zonke, ngaphambi kokuthatha igazi amasonto ambalwa, qala ukuphila impilo ejwayelekile nenembile.

Uma, kulandela ukudla, ama-pancreas asazodinga umthamo owengeziwe we-insulin, ngeke kwenzeke ukugwema ukwelashwa. Odokotela, ukuze basebenzise i-insulin yokwelapha efanele futhi ephumelelayo, baphendula imibuzo elandelayo:

1. Ngabe ngidinga imijovo ye-insulin ebusuku?
2. Uma kunesidingo, umthamo ubalwa, emva kwalokho umthamo wansuku zonke ulungiswa.
3. Ngabe ngidinga ukujova insulin esebenza isikhathi eside ekuseni?
   Ukuze wenze lokhu, isiguli sifakwa esibhedlela bese siyahlolwa. Abamniki ibhulakufesi nangelantshi, batadisha ukusabela komzimba. Emva kwalokho, izinsuku eziningana ekuseni, kufakwa insulin esebenza isikhathi eside, uma kunesidingo, umthamo uguqulwa.
4. Ngabe ngidinga imijovo ye-insulin ngaphambi kokudla? Uma kunjalo, yikuphi okudingeka ngaphambi kwalokho, futhi okungekho ngaphambili.
5. Umthamo wokuqala we-insulin esebenza isikhathi esifushane ngaphambi kokubalwa.
6. Kwenziwa ucwaningo lokuthola ukuthi udinga malini i-insulin ngaphambi kokudla.
7. Isiguli sifundiswa ukuphatha i-insulin ngokwayo.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi umhlinzeki wezempilo oqeqeshiwe azibambe iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwe-insulin.

Umthamo ngqo nesikhathi sokuphatha kubalwa ngawodokotela ngamunye. Abanye babo badinga imijovo ebusuku kuphela noma ekuseni, kanti abanye badinga ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo.

Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin okuqhubekayo

Uhlobo 2 sikashukela isifo sikashukela yisifo esiqhubekayo esimaphakathi lapho amandla we-beta cell akhiqiza i-insulin kancane kancane ancipha. Kudinga ukuphathwa okuqhubekayo komuthi owenziwe ngenhloso yokugcina amazinga eglucose ajwayelekile. Cabanga. Ukuthi umthamo wento esebenzayo kumele uguqulwe njalo - uvame ukwanda. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uzofinyelela umthamo omkhulu wamathebulethi. Odokotela abaningi abayithandi le fomu yemithamo, ngoba ihlala ibangela izinkinga ezinkulu emzimbeni.

Lapho umthamo we-insulin uphakeme kunalowo wezibhebhe, udokotela ekugcineni uzokudlulisela emijozini. Khumbula ukuthi lokhu kuyindlela engapheli yokwelashwa oyothola impilo yakho yonke. Umthamo wesidakamizwa nawo uzoshintsha, njengoba umzimba usujwayela izinguquko.

Okuwukuphela kwento lapho umuntu ehlala enamathela ekudleni okukhethekile.

Kulokhu, umthamo ofanayo we-insulin uzosebenza kuye iminyaka eminingana.

Imvamisa, le nto yenzeka kulabo bantu abaye batholakala benesifo sikashukela ngokushesha. Kufanele futhi balondoloze umsebenzi ojwayelekile we-pancreatic, ukuthuthukiswa kwamaseli we-beta kubaluleke kakhulu. Uma umuntu onesifo sikashukela ekwazi ukubuyisela isisindo sakhe emuva kokujwayelekile, udla ngendlela efanele, adlale imidlalo, enze konke okusemandleni ukubuyisa umzimba - angakwenza ngemithamo ye-insulin encane. Yidla kahle futhi uhole indlela yokuphila enempilo, ngakho-ke ngeke kudingeke ukuthi wandise umthamo we-insulin njalo.

Imithamo ephezulu ye-sulfonylurea

Ukubuyisela umsebenzi wamanyikwe kanye nama-islets anamaseli we-beta, kulungiselelwe amalungiselelo e-sulfonylurea. Isakhi esinjalo sicaphukisa lesi sitho se-endocrine ukukhiqiza i-insulin, ngenxa yokuthi izinga leshukela egazini ligcinwa kwelinye izinga. Lokhu kusiza ukugcina usesimweni esihle zonke izinqubo emzimbeni. Imvamisa, le mithi elandelayo ilungiselelwe le nhloso:

• Maninil;
• Isifo sikashukela;
• I-Glimepiride.

Zonke lezi zidakamizwa zinomphumela ovusa amandla kumanyikwe. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela umthamo okhethwe udokotela, ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwe-sulfonylurea eningi kungaholela ekubhujisweni kwama-pancreas. Uma ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kwenziwa ngaphandle kwalo muthi, ukusebenza kwe-pancreatic kuzocindezelwa ngokuphelele eminyakeni embalwa nje. Izogcina ukusebenza kwayo isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka, ngakho-ke akudingeki ukuthi wandise umthamo we-insulin.

Imithi eklanyelwe ukugcina umzimba unesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 isiza ukubuyisa ama-pancreas, futhi iwuvikele emiphumeleni ye-pathogenic yezici zangaphandle nezangaphakathi.

Futhi, ukuze uzuze umphumela omuhle kakhulu, kufanele ulandele ukudla okukhethekile. Ngosizo lwayo, kuzokwazi ukunciphisa inani loshukela egazini, kanye nokuthola ukulingana okuhle kwamaprotheni, amafutha nama-carbohydrate asemzimbeni.

Umphumela wokwelapha we-insulin

I-insulin iyingxenye ebalulekile yempilo yabantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Ngaphandle kwale hormone, bazoqala ukuzwa ukungakhululeki okuhle, okuzoholela ku-hyperglycemia kanye nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Odokotela kade bathola ukuthi ukwelashwa okufanele kwe-insulin kusiza ukukhulula isiguli ekubonakalisweni okungekuhle kwesifo sikashukela, futhi futhi kwandise impilo yakhe kakhulu. Ngosizo lwalesi hormone, kungenzeka ukuletha ezingeni elifanele ukuqoqwa kwe-glucose hemoglobin noshukela: esiswini esingenalutho nangemva kokudla.

I-insulin yabanesifo sikashukela ukuphela kwendlela yokubasiza bazizwe bejabule futhi bakhohlwe ukugula kwabo. Ukwelashwa okukhethwe kahle kungamisa ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo, futhi kuvikele nokukhula kwezinkinga ezinkulu. I-insulini kumthamo ofanele ayikwazi ukulimaza umzimba, noma kunjalo, nge-overdose, hypoglycemia ne-hypoglycemic coma kungenzeka, okudinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo kwezokwelapha. Ukwelapha ngaleli hormone kubangela umphumela olandelayo wokwelapha:

1. Yehlise ushukela wegazi ngemuva kokudla nasesiswini esingenalutho, ukuqeda i-hyperglycemia.
2. Ukukhiqizwa okuthuthukile kwama-hormone kumanyikwe aphathwa ukudla.
3. Yehlisiwe indlela yokugaya umzimba, noma i-gluconeogeneis. Ngenxa yalokhu, ushukela ususwa ngokushesha okukhulu emikhakheni engenawo ama-carbohydrate.
4. Yehliswe lipolysis ngemuva kokudla.
5. Kwehliswe amaprotheni e-glycated emzimbeni.

Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin okugcwele ngokuphelele kuthinta kahle izinqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni: i-lipid, i-carbohydrate, amaprotheni. Futhi, ukuphuza i-insulin kusiza kusebenze ukucindezelwa nokubekwa ushukela, ama-amino acid nama-lipids.

Ngenxa ye-insulin, kungenzeka ukufezekisa i-metabolism esebenzayo yamafutha. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukukhishwa okujwayelekile kwama-lipid mahhala emzimbeni, kanye nokukhiqizwa okusheshayo kwamaprotheni emisipha.