Isifo sikashukela i-Microangiopathy iyi-lesion yemikhumbi emincane - ama-capillaries, ama-arterioles nama-venols. Le nto ijwayelekile kakhulu, okuholela emiphumeleni emibi. Ukuvikela ukuqala kwalesi simo, kufanelekile ukulandela konke ukuqokwa kwezokwelapha. Uma kwenzeka izimpawu ezifanayo, kudingeka isinyathelo esiphuthumayo.
Umnyombo we-pathology
Isifo sikashukela i-Microangiopathy iqondwa njengokulimala kwemithambo, okuwumphumela we-hyperglycemia ende. Ngokuyisisekelo, kukhona ushintsho emikhunjini emincane - ama-capillaries, ama-venule kanye nama-arterioles. I-Pathology kungenzeka ingazivezi iminyaka eyi-10-15 - lokhu kunqunywa ngamakhono okuncephezela isiguli.
Ukwanda kweglucose yegazi kucasulayo ukuqongelela kwezinto zokugonywa ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi. Lokhu kubangela ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi kanye nokuncipha kwe-lumen yemikhumbi, okuholela ekuphazamisekeni kokujikeleza kwegazi.
Le nqubo ihambisana nokwephulwa kokuphuma kwegazi, ukwakheka kweziqeshana zegazi elincane, ushintsho ezinqubweni ze-metabolic. Isikhathi eside, amangqamuzana awenele oksijini. Lokhu kuholela ekuweni kancane ekuhlukanisweni kwabo futhi kunyuke ukubola.
Izizathu
Kunezici eziningi eziholela ekutholakaleni kwe-microangiopathy ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela:
- Izinqubo ezingeke ziguqulwe ngenxa yokwanda okungazelelwe kokuqina kwemithambo;
- Ukwephulwa kwezakhi zezakhi zezicubu ezihlangene;
- I-Thrombosis - ukuvela emithanjeni yegazi yama-clots wegazi aphazamisa ukuhamba kwegazi;
- I-Hyaline dystrophy - ibonakala ngokufakwa kwezakhi zamaprotheni ezinesakhiwo esiminyene;
- I-Necrosis - ukufa nokufa kwezicubu.
Njengoba amazinga kashukela enyuka, ama-radicals wamahhala nama-peroxide akhiqizwa emzimbeni. Bacaphukisa ukubhujiswa kanye nobuthi be-endothelium, okubaluleke kakhulu ekuvuseleleni ngokuphelele kwezicubu neminye imisebenzi.
Ngokuvamile, i-endothelium ikhiqiza i-nitric oxide. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-pathology, ukukhiqizwa kwale nto kunciphisa. Kulesi simo, izikebhe zilahlekelwa amandla abo okunwebeka ngokuzimela. Lokhu kuba imbangela ye-pathologies yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
Ukuhlukaniswa
Abantu abaningi banesithakazelo kulokho okubhekisele kuma-Microangiopathies kushukela. Ngokuya ngasendaweni ye-anomaly, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zesifo ziyabonakala:
- I-Nephropathy;
- I-retinopathy;
- I-Microangiopathy yemilenze.
Nge-retinopathy kuqondwa ukwehlulwa kwe-retina yeso. Imikhumbi emincane kule ndawo inesibopho sokuhlinzekelwa kwegazi ezintweni ezibalulekile zesitho sokubona. Ngoba izinguquko ze-pathological zivusa ukonakala okubonakalayo. Ngokuya esigabeni se-retinopathy, ukubonakaliswa kungahle kungabaluleki noma kubangele ukuphazamiseka okukhulu esigulini kuze kuphele ukulahleka kombono.
Nge-nephropathy, ushintsho olungajwayelekile luthinta cishe yonke imikhumbi emincane yezinso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithambo emikhulu ingahlupheka, okuholela ezinkingeni zomsebenzi walo mzimba. Imetabolism yendawo ayilungile ngokwanele. Lokhu kudala ukunikezwa okunganele kwe-oksijini nezinto ezizuzisayo.
Futhi, nge-nephropathy, ukuhlunga kuyaphazamiseka futhi nezinhlaka ezibhekele le nqubo ziyathinteka.
Izilonda zemithambo yemilenze zibe ngesinye sezimbangela zokubonakala konyawo lwesifo sikashukela. Izinguquko ekuhanjisweni kwe-nerve kanye nokujikeleza kwegazi kubangela ukungondleki ezicutshini zemisipha yemilenze. Ngakho-ke, i-microangiopathy yesifo sikashukela semikhawulo engezansi icasuza ukulahleka kwezwi elijwayelekile lesikhumba. Iba yomile, futhi noma yimuphi umonakalo uholela ekuthelelekeni.
Noma imiphi imihunga kanye nezilonda zedermis zipholisa isikhathi eside kakhulu. Isiguli singabonakala izilonda ezikhululekile. I-complication eyingozi kakhulu ebanga i-microangiopathy yamaphethelo aphansi kushukela yi-gangrene. Kuholela ekunqunyweni kwesitho noma ekufeni.
Izithombe zemitholampilo
Esigabeni sokuqala sokubonakala kwe-pathology, izimpawu zayo azibonakali kangangokuba isiguli simane singazinaki. Ngokulimazeka kwemithambo yemilenze, ukudonsa nokuqina kuyinto ebonakalayo.
Njengoba kukhula i-anomaly, kuvela okulandelayo:
- Ubuhlungu emilenzeni yomlingiswa wokudonsa;
- Ukuvuvukala;
- Ukukhathala okuphezulu;
- Ukoma ngokweqile kwezinyawo nemilenze;
- I-Convulsive syndrome;
- Ukuncipha kwezinwele emilenzeni;
- Ukulahlekelwa umuzwa;
- Ukuvela kwezilonda ezi-trophic, okunzima ukuzelapha.
Izinkinga zokujikeleza zenza imilenze yesiguli ihlale ibanda ngisho nasekushiseni. Ngaphezu kokwehlulwa kwemikhumbi emincane, imicu yezinzwa, imithambo nemithambo yegazi kuvame ukubandakanyeka enqubweni engafanele. Lokhu kungaholela ekushintsheni kombala wesikhumba - iba ngombala obomvu, ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma onsundu.
Ukwephulwa kwemithetho yokuhlanzeka kuvame ukuholela ekwandeni kwesimo futhi kudala izimfuno zokutheleleka kwamanxeba. Ngakho-ke, odokotela batusa ngokuqinile ukugcina izinyawo zakho zomile futhi zihlanzekile.
Emazingeni okuqala e-retinopathy, inkambo ye-asymptomatic iyabonakala. Kodwa-ke, udokotela wamehlo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa angaqopha lezo zinguquko. Ekuqaleni izimpukane noma izinhlansi zingavela phambi kwamehlo, kepha i-acuity ebonakalayo ayinciphi.
Bese kuba nzima ukuthi isiguli sibhale, sisebenze kwikhompyutha noma sifunde. Isimo somtholampilo siyanda njengoba i-retina ithinteka. Uma ungaxhumana nodokotela wamehlo, kunengozi yokulahleka ngokuphelele kombono.
Ukuthola i-nephropathy ekuqaleni kwesigaba sokukhula kuyinkinga kakhulu. I-Pathology ibonakaliswa kuphela ngokwakhiwa kokungcola kwamaprotheni kumchamo. Ukuhlaziywa kwemitholampilo kuzosiza ukuthola le nto.
Uma ukulimala kwezinso kudalwa, kunokuvuvukala, amaconsi okucindezela, izinkinga ngokuchama. Abantu abaningi babhekana nobuthakathaka obungapheli, banuka i-ammonia ephuma emlonyeni.
Ucwaningo lokuxilonga
Okokuqala, udinga ukunquma uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela. Isifo sohlobo lokuqala sincike i-insulin, i-pathology yohlobo lwesibili ayidingi kungeniswa kwe-insulin yokufakelwa.
Odokotela babuye bahlaziye imininingwane yephrofayili ye-glycemic, i-C-peptide, i-glycated hemoglobin.
Uchwepheshe kufanele afunde umlando we-pathology, enze ukuhlolwa futhi akhombe nezinkinga. Uma kukhona izinsolo ze-microangiopathy, yenza izifundo ezinje:
- I-Fundusgraphy - imakroscope ihlaziya ukwakheka kwe-fundus yeso iso. Inqubo ikuvumela ukuthi ukhombe ukuhlukunyezwa kwemithambo yegazi, ukubona ukushayeka kwegazi okuncane kakhulu kanye nokugcwala kwamalensi.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasound kwezitho zangaphakathi - kukuvumela ukuthi unqume ukwephulwa kokuhamba kwegazi, ukwanda kosayizi wezinso, ukunqwabelana komchamo ku-revis pelvis. Inqubo futhi isiza ekuboneni ukunciphisa kwe-lumen yemikhumbi ehlukene.
- Ukuqagela okucatshangwayo nokuhlaziywa kukazibuthe - kusiza ukulingisa ukwakheka kwezitho okuqondiwe kuzo nokunquma ushintsho olungajwayelekile.
- I-Angiography yemilenze - kufaka phakathi ukwenziwa kwezithombe ze-x-ray usebenzisa umehluko. Ngenxa yenqubo, kungenzeka ukunquma usayizi wemikhumbi kanye nezinga lokuma kwazo ngokuhlukile.
- I-Rheovasography - isetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukuphuma kwegazi kwe-arterial emilenzeni. Lolu cwaningo luphinde lusize ekuboneni ubunikazi bama-capillaries nekhwalithi yokuphuma kwe-venous.
Izindlela zokwelapha
Ukubhekana ne-pathology, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhambisane kahle nazo zonke izincomo zikadokotela. Qiniseka ukuthi uyeka ukubhema, uhlinzeke ukuzivocavoca ngokulinganisela futhi wenze umzimba ube ngokwejwayelekile.
Ukusuka ekudleni ukususa ama-carbohydrate agaywe kalula. Kwezinye izimo, ukudla okuvinjelwe usawoti kuyadingeka.
Ngaphezu kwe-insulin, ingxenye yokwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kwe-pathology ukusetshenziswa kwe-colloidal phytoformulas ethinta zonke izinto zokwenziwa kwesifo sikashukela. Banomphumela we-hypoglycemic, yenza kube yi-microcirculation ejwayelekile, balethe izinto ezidingekayo ukunxeshezelwa kwezinkinga zesifo emzimbeni.
Esibhedlela, ama-angioprotectors angasetshenziswa, anikela ekubuyiselweni nasekuvikelekeni kwemithambo yegazi. Lesi sigaba sifaka izidakamizwa ezifana ne-parmidin, angin, dicinone.
Ukwenza ngcono izinqubo ze-metabolic, kusetshenziswa i-trimetazidine ne -neneronate. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-statins, njenge-atorvastatin, simvastatin, kufanele kuphathwe ngokucophelela. Ngaphezu kokwehlisa i-cholesterol, zingavusa ukusabela okungathí sina.
Ngokwezinkomba, ama-anticoagulants angasetshenziswa. Basiza ukwehlisa ukuqina kwegazi. Lezi zimali zifaka i-fraxiparin, i-heparin, njll.
Njengokwengezwa ekwelashweni okuyinhloko, ochwepheshe babeka izindlela ezinjengokuvezwa kwe-laser, i-magnetotherapy, i-acupuncture. Amanye amasu we-physiotherapy angenza i-morphology ye-vascular evamile futhi abhekane nobuhlungu bomlenze nawo angasetshenziswa.
I-Microangiopathy kwisifo sikashukela yisimo esibi impela, esiholela emiphumeleni eyingozi. Ukuqaliswa okusobala kokuqokwa kwezokwelapha nokulungiswa kwendlela yokuphila kusiza ukugwema lokhu. Uma kuvela izimpawu ze-pathology, kufanele uthinte ngokushesha i-endocrinologist. Ngemuva kokushintsha lesi simo, siyadingeka ukuhlolwa njalo ngonyaka.
