Impompo ye-insulin, empeleni, iyithuluzi elenza imisebenzi yamanyikwe, inhloso enkulu yalo ukuletha i-insulin ngemithamo emincane emzimbeni wesiguli.
Umthamo we-hormone efakiwe ulawulwa yisiguli ngokwakhe, ngokuhambisana nokubalwa kanye nezincomo zikadokotela ohambelayo.
Ngaphambi kokuthatha isinqumo sokufaka nokuqala ukusebenzisa le divayisi, iziguli eziningi zifuna ukufunda izibuyekezo ngepampu ye-insulin, imibono yabachwepheshe neziguli ezisebenzisa le divayisi, futhi zithola izimpendulo zemibuzo yazo.
Ingabe iphampu ye-insulin isebenza kahle kubantu abaneshukela?
Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, futhi ikakhulukazi uhlobo lwesibili, okuthi ngokwezibalo zilinganiselwa kuma-90-95% wamacala alesi sifo, imijovo ye-insulin ibalulekile, ngoba ngaphandle kokudla i-hormone efanele ngesilinganiso esifanele, kunengozi enkulu yokwanda kweshukela legazi lesiguli.
Yikuphi esikhathini esizayo okungahle kube nomthelela ongalungiseki ohlelweni lokujikeleza, izitho zombono, izinso, amangqamuzana ezinzwa, futhi ezimweni eziphambili kuholela ekufeni.
Kuyaqabukela, amazinga kashukela egazi angalethwa kumanani amukelekayo ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila (ukudla okuqinile, umsebenzi wokuzivocavoca umzimba, ukuthatha izidakamizwa ngendlela yamathebulethi, njengeMetformin).
Ezigulini eziningi, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokwenza amazinga abo kashukela ajwayelekile ngokusebenzisa imijovo ye-insulin.Umbuzo wokuthi ungayingenisa kanjani kahle i-gazini egazini wawunentshisekelo eqenjini lososayensi baseMelika nabaseFrance abanqume, ngesisekelo sokuhlolwa komtholampilo, ukuqonda ukusebenza kahle kwamaphampu ngokuqhathanisa nemijovo ejwayelekile, yokuzilawula ejwayelekile.
Kulolu cwaningo, kukhethwe iqembu elalinezisebenzi zokuzithandela ezingama-495 ezihlushwa isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ezineminyaka engama-30 kuye kwengama-75 futhi zidinga imijovo ye-insulin engapheli.
Iqembu lithole i-insulin ngendlela yemijovo ejwayelekile izinyanga ezi-2, kuzo abantu abangama-331 bakhethwa ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi.
Lababantu abakwazanga, ngokwesibonakaliso se-biochemical yegazi, okukhombisa ushukela wegazi ojwayelekile (glycated hemoglobin), behlise ngaphansi kuka-8%.
Iphampu ye-insulin
Lesi sikhombisi sikhombise ngokusobala ukuthi ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule, iziguli zilibekile kabi izinga likashukela emzimbeni wazo futhi azange zililawule.
Behlukanisa laba bantu babe ngamaqembu amabili, ingxenye yokuqala yeziguli, okungukuthi abantu abayi-168, baqala ukujova i-insulin ngepompo, iziguli ezingama-163 ezazisele zaqhubeka nokuphatha imijovo ye-insulin ngokwazo.
Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha zokuhlolwa, imiphumela elandelayo yatholakala:
- Izinga likashukela ezigulini elinezimpompo ezifakiwe lalingama-0.7% uma liqhathaniswa nemijovo ejwayelekile ye-hormone;
- ngaphezu kwengxenye yalabo ababambe iqhaza ababesebenzisa iphampu ye-insulin, okungama-55%, bakwazile ukunciphisa inkomba ye-glycated hemoglobin ngezansi kwe-8%, kuphela ama-28% eziguli ezinemijovo ejwayelekile okwazile ukufeza imiphumela efanayo;
- iziguli ezinamaphampu asungulwe we-hyperglycemia isilinganiso samahora amathathu ngaphansi kosuku.
Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwephampu kufakazelwe ngokomtholampilo.
Izinzuzo kanye nokubi
Inzuzo eyinhloko yedivaysi yindlela engokomzimba eyengeziwe, uma umuntu engasho ngokwemvelo, indlela yokungena kwe-insulin emzimbeni, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukulawula ngokucophelela kwezinga likashukela, okuthi kamuva kuholele ekunciphiseni kwezinkinga zesikhathi eside ezibangelwa yilesi sifo.
Umshini wethula imithamo emincane, ebalwa ngokuqinile ye-insulin, ikakhulukazi yesikhathi sesikhathi esifushane sokwenza, ukuphinda umsebenzi wohlelo lwe-endocrine olunempilo.
Iphampu ye-insulin inezinzuzo ezilandelayo:
- kuholela ekuzinzeni kwezinga le-hemoglobin ye-glycated ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo eyamukelekayo;
- kusiza isiguli isidingo sokuthola imijovo eminingi ezimele engama-insulin phakathi nosuku nokusetshenziswa kwe-insulin esebenza isikhathi eside;
- ivumela isiguli ukuthi sikhethe okungatheni ngokudla kwayo, ukukhetha kwemikhiqizo, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukubalwa okulandelayo kwemithamo edingekayo ye-hormone;
- kunciphisa inani, ubulukhuni nokuvama kwe-hypoglycemia;
- ikuvumela ukuthi ulawule ngempumelelo kakhulu ushukela emzimbeni ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca, nangemuva kwanoma yimuphi umsebenzi womzimba.
Okubi kwephampu, iziguli kanye nochwepheshe bafaka ngokusobala:
- izindleko zayo eziphakeme, futhi zombili lezo zisetshenziswa ngokwazo zibiza inani elikhulu lezinsiza kusebenza zezezimali, nokulungiswa kwalo okulandelayo (ukushintshwa kokudliwayo);
- ukugqokwa njalo kwensimbi, idivaysi inamathiselwe esigulini ubusuku nemini, iphampu ingakwazi ukunqanyulwa emzimbeni isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora amabili ngosuku ukwenza isenzo esithile esichazwa yisiguli (ukugeza, ukudlala imidlalo, ukuya ocansini, njll.);
- ukuthi noma iyiphi insiza esebenza ngogesi ingaphula noma isebenze ngokungalungile;
- kwandisa ubungozi bokushoda kwe-insulin emzimbeni (isifo sikashukela) (i-ketoacidosis), ngoba kusetshenziswa i-insulin ebamba okwesikhashana;
- kudinga ukubhekwa njalo kwamazinga kashukela, kunesidingo sokwethula isilinganiso somuthi ngokushesha ngaphambi kokudla.
Ukubuyekezwa kwabanesifo sikashukela abanesipiliyoni seminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 ngepompo le-insulin
Ngaphambi kokuthenga iphampu ye-insulin, abasebenzisi abangahle bafuna ukuzwa impendulo yesiguli mayelana nensiza. Iziguli zabantu abadala zahlukaniswa ngamakamu amabili: abasekeli nabaphikisi bokusebenzisa ucingo.
Abaningi, benza imijovo ye-insulin yesikhathi eside ngokwabo, abaziboni izinzuzo ezikhethekile zokusebenzisa umshini obizayo, bajwayela ukuphatha i-insulin "indlela yakudala efakiwe."
Futhi kulesi sigaba seziguli kunokwesaba kokuqhekeka kwephampu noma ukulimala komzimba kumashubhu wokuxhuma, okuzoholela ekwehlulekeni kokuthola umthamo we-hormone ngesikhathi esifanele.
Uma kukhulunywa ngokwelashwa kwezingane ezethembele ku-insulin, iningi leziguli nochwepheshe bathambekele ekukholweni ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwephampu kunesidingo nje.
Ingane ngeke ikwazi ukujova i-hormone iyodwa, ingaphuthelwa isikhathi sokuphuza umuthi, kungenzeka ukuthi izosikhumbula isidlo esifuneka kakhulu kwabanesifo sikashukela, futhi izodonsa nokunaka okungatheni phakathi kwabafundi basekilasini.
Osemusha osengene esigabeni sokuthomba, ngenxa yokushintsha kwesizinda se-hormonal somzimba, usengozini enkulu yokushoda kwe-insulin, anganxeshezelwa kalula ngokusebenzisa iphampu.
Umbono wochwepheshe besifo sikashukela
Iningi lama-endocrinologists lithanda ukukholelwa ukuthi ipompo ye-insulin indawo enhle yokujova kwe-hormone yendabuko, evumela ukugcina izinga le-glucose egazini lesiguli ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo eyamukelekayo.
Ngaphandle kokuhlukile, odokotela abagxili ekuthini hhayi kulula ukusebenzisa ithuluzi, kepha impilo yesiguli nokujwayelekile kwamazinga kashukela.
Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu lapho ukwelashwa kwangaphambilini kungazange kukhiqize umphumela ofiselekile, futhi ushintsho olungenakuguqulwa seluqalile kwezinye izitho, ngokwesibonelo, izinso, nokufakelwa kwesinye sezitho ezihlanganisiwe kuyadingeka.
Ukulungiselela umzimba ukufakelwa izinso kuthatha isikhathi eside, futhi ngomphumela ophumelelayo, ukuzinza kokufundwa kashukela wegazi kuyadingeka. Ngosizo lwepompo, lokhu kulula ukukufeza. Odokotela baphawula ukuthi iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela futhi ezihlala zidinga imijovo ye-insulin, lapho kufakwe ipampu futhi zifinyelela amazinga e-glucose azinzile ngalo, ziyakwazi impela ukukhulelwa futhi zizale umntwana ophile kahle.
Ochwepheshe baphawula ukuthi iziguli ezazifake iphampu yesifo sikashukela zazingenakho ukunambitheka kwempilo ezilimaza impilo yazo, zaba neselula kakhulu, zidlala imidlalo, zinganaki kakhulu ekudleni kwazo, futhi azilandeli ngokuqinile ukudla.
Amavidiyo ahlobene
Okudingayo ngaphambi kokuthenga iphampu yesifo sikashukela:
Ukusebenza kahle kwephampu ye-insulin kufakazelwa ngokomtholampilo, futhi cishe akunazimpikiswano. Ukufakwa okufanele kakhulu kweziguli ezisencane, ngoba kunzima kakhulu ukuba esikoleni ukuba zilandele zonke izincomo zikadokotela ozifundelayo.
Ukuqapha izinga likashukela wegazi lesiguli kuyazenzakalela futhi ekuhambeni kwesikhathi kuholela ekuchazeni kwalo ngamazinga amukelekile.
