Imiphumela yokuthatha i-insulin - ubunzima bezinkinga ze-insulin

Izinkinga zokwelashwa kwe-insulin azijwayelekile.

Kwezinye izimo, azifaki izinguquko ezinkulu empilweni futhi zilungiswa kalula, kanti kwezinye zingenza impilo ibe sengozini.

Cabanga ngezinkinga ezivame kakhulu nokuthi ungazixazulula kanjani. Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukonakala.

Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kunqunyelwe nini kwabanesifo sikashukela

Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kuyinkimbinkimbi yezindlela zezokwelapha ezidingekayo ukunxephezela ukuphazanyiswa kwe-carbohydrate metabolism ngokungenisa i-analogues ye-insulin yomuntu emzimbeni. Imijovo enjalo ibekelwe izizathu zezempilo kulabo abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Kwezinye izimo, nazo zingakhonjiswa ngohlobo 2 lwezifo.

Ngakho-ke, lezi zimo ezilandelayo ziyimbangela yokwelashwa kwe-insulin:

• thayipha i-1 isifo sikashukela;
• i-hyperlactacidemic coma;
• ketoacidosis;
• isifo sikashukela hyperosmolar coma;
• ukukhulelwa nokubeletha kwabesifazane abanesifo sikashukela;
• ukubola okukhulu ngezinga elikhulu kanye nokungasebenzi kwezinye izindlela zokwelashwa zohlobo 2 kashukela;
• ukwehla ngokushesha kwesisindo kwabanesifo sikashukela;
• i-nephropathy ngenxa yokulimala komzimba we-carbohydrate metabolism.

Izinkinga zesiguli ezingenzeka ezihambisana nokwelashwa kwe-insulin

Noma yikuphi ukwelashwa, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, kungadala ukonakala empilweni nasenhlalakahleni. Lokhu kungenxa yemiphumela emibi namaphutha ekukhetheni umuthi nomthamo.

Ukwehla okukhulu ushukela wegazi (hypoglycemia)

Isimo se-hypoglycemic ekwelashweni kwamalungiselelo we-insulin singakhula ngenxa:

• imithamo engafanele ye-hormone;
• ukwephulwa kohlobo lomjovo;
• ukungasebenzi komzimba okungahleliwe (imvamisa abanesifo sikashukela bayazi ukuthi kufanele banciphise umthamo we-insulin noma basebenzise ama-carbohydrate amaningi ngosuku olwandulela umsebenzi womzimba) noma ngaphandle kwesizathu.

Izimpawu ze-hypoglycemia

Isifo sikashukela singazibona izimpawu ze-hypoglycemia. Bayazi ukuthi umbuso ungathuthukiswa ngokushesha ngamaswidi, ngakho-ke bahlala benamaswidi njalo. Kodwa-ke, odokotela batusa ukuthi abantu abanesifo sikashukela futhi banamakhadi noma amasongo akhethekile nabo, aqukethe imininingwane yokuthi umuntu uncike kwe-insulin. Lokhu kuzosheshisa ukuhlinzekwa kosizo olufanele ezimweni lapho umuntu egula ngaphandle kwekhaya.

Ukumelana ne-insulin

I-insunological insulin insensitivity kulabo abathola umuthi isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ingaqhamuka ngenxa yokuvela kwama-antibodies kuwo.

Ukusabela kuncike kwilifa.

Ngokuthuthukiswa kokumelana, isidingo se-hormone sikhuphukela kumayunithi angama-500 / ngosuku, kepha singafinyelela kumayunithi angama-1000 / ngosuku noma ngaphezulu.

Ukuvikelwa komzimba kuvezwa ukwanda kancane kancane komthamo kuya kumayunithi angama-200 / ngosuku nangaphezulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, umthamo we-insulin wokubopha igazi uyanda.

Isidingo se-insulin sincishiswa ukusetshenziswa kwe-prednisone amasonto amabili: qala ngama-30 mg kabili ngosuku, bese wehlisa izinga lomuthi kancane kancane, ngokuya ngokuncishiswa kwenani le-insulin elifunekayo.

Ukusabela komzimba

Ukungezwani komzimba kuvela endaweni yomjovo.

Uma welashwa ngengulube noma ngemikhiqizo yegazi lomuntu, lokhu akuvamile. I-Allergy ihambisana nokuba soreness kanye nokushisa, futhi i-erythema ikhula ngokushesha, engahlala kuze kufike izinsuku eziningana.

Ukusabela kwamasosha omzimba akusona isizathu sokuyeka umuthi, ikakhulukazi ngoba imibonakaliso evame ukungahambi kahle iyodwa. Ukwelashwa kwe-antihistamine akudingeki kaningi.

Ukwelashwa okujwayelekile okubandakanya i-insulin akuvamile kakhulu, kepha kungenzeka lapho ukwelashwa kuphazamisekile bese kuphinde kuqalwe ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa noma iminyaka. Ukusabela okunjalo komzimba kungenzeka kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lokulungiselela i-insulin.

Izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba okujwayelekile zivele ngemuva nje komjovo. Kungaba:

• i-rash ne-angioedema;
• ukulunywa nokucasulwa;
• i-broncho-pulmonary spasm;
• ukungasebenzi kahle kwemithambo yegazi.

Uma, ngemuva kokuthuthuka, kuyadingeka ukuqhubeka nokujova i-insulin, kuyadingeka ezimeni zokubheka ukusebenza kwesikhumba ezinhlotsheni zawo, kanye nokunciphisa ukuzwela komzimba ekuphathweni okuphindaphindiwe kwe-allergen.

Ukwakheka kwe-lipodystrophy

Kunezinhlobo ezi-2 ze-lipodystrophy ezaziwayo:

• i-hypertrophic;
• i-atrophic.

Kubonakala kuphambana nesizinda senkambo ende ye-hypertrophic pathology.

Indlela yokuthuthukiswa kwalezi zibonakaliso ayiqondakali ngokuphelele.

Kodwa-ke, kukhona iziphakamiso zokuthi isizathu kungukuhlukumezeka okuhlelekile kuzinqubo zezinzwa zepherishi, ngokushintshwa kwamuva kwe-neurotrophic yendawo. Inkinga futhi ingaba ukuthi:

• i-insulin ayihlanzwa ngokwanele;
• umuthi awuzange ufakwe ngokulingene, ngokwesibonelo, wawungeniswa engxenyeni eyenziwe ngomzimba noma ngokwawo wawunokushisa okuphansi kunokuba bekudingeka.

Lapho abanesifo sikashukela benemibandela yenzalo ye-lipodystrophy, kufanelekile ukugcina imithetho ngokucophelela yokwelapha nge-insulin, ukushintshana kwezindawo zokujova nsuku zonke. Enye yezindlela zokuvimbela i-hormone dilution enenani elilinganayo leNovocaine (0.5%) ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuphathwa.

Ezinye izinkinga kwabanesifo sikashukela

Ngaphezu kwalokho okungenhla, imijovo ye-insulin ingadala ezinye izinkinga nemiphumela emibi:

• Iveli elinodaka phambi kwamehlo ami. Ivela ngezikhathi ezithile futhi ibangela ukungakhululeki okuhle. Isizathu siyizinkinga zokuphikisa amalensi. Kwesinye isikhathi abanesifo sikashukela bayamphambanisa ngenxa ye-retinopathy. Ukwelashwa okukhethekile, okwenziwa ngokumelene nesizinda sokulashwa kwe-insulin, kusiza ukuqeda ukungakhululeki.
• Ukuvuvukala kwemilenze. Lokhu yinto yesikhashana ehamba iyodwa. Ngokuqala kokwelashwa kwe-insulin, amanzi akhishwa kanzulu emzimbeni, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umetabolism ibuyiselwa kumthamo wayo wangaphambilini.
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme. Isizathu futhi sithathwa njengokugcinwa kwe-fluid emzimbeni, okungenzeka ekuqaleni kokwelashwa nge-insulin.
• Isisindo eszuzayo Ngokwesilinganiso, isisindo singakhula ngamakhilogremu ayi-3-5. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwama-hormone kuthuthukisa isifiso sokudla futhi kugqugquzela ukwakheka kwamafutha. Ukugwema amakhilogremu angeziwe, kufanelekile ukubuyekeza imenyu ohlangothini lokunciphisa inani lamakhalori kanye nokubuka ukudla okuqinile.
• Ukwehla kokuhlushwa kwe-potassium egazini. Ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-hypokalemia, ukudla okuyisipesheli kuzosiza, lapho kuzoba khona imifino eminingi yeklabishi, izithelo zezithelo zomdumo, amajikijolo namakhambi.

I-insulin ngokweqile nekhotha

I-overdose ye-insulin iyabonakala:

• ukuncipha kwemisipha;
• ubukhulu besilungu;
• izandla eziqhaqhazelayo;
• ukoma okungapheli;
• ukubanda, ukujuluka okuxineneyo;
• "nebula" ukwazi.

Konke lokhu okungenhla kuyizimpawu zesifo se-hypoglycemic syndrome, esenzeka ngenxa yokushoda okubukhali kashukela wegazi.

Kubalulekile ukuwuyeka masinyane ukuze ugweme ukuguqulwa ube ukoma, ngoba kubeka engcupheni impilo.

I-Hypoglycemic coma yisimo esiyingozi kakhulu. Hlela izigaba ezi-4 zokubonakala kwayo. Ngayinye yazo inezimpawu zayo:

1. okokuqala, i-hypoxia yezinhlaka zobuchopho iyakhula. Lokhu kuvezwe yizinto ezishiwo ngenhla;
2. okwesibili kuthinta uhlelo lwe-hypothalamic-pituitary, olukhonjiswa ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha kanye ne-hyperhidrosis;
3. okwesithathu, ukusebenza kwebelekisi kuyahlupheka. Ukuqunjelwa kwenzeka, abafundi bayanda, njengasekuthatheni isifo sokuwa;
4. isigaba sesine yisimo esibucayi. Kubonakala ngokulahlekelwa ukwazi, i-palpitations nezinye izifo. Ukwehluleka ukuhlinzeka ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kuyingozi ngenxa ye-edema yamakhemikhali nokufa.

Uma ezimweni ezijwayelekile inhlala-kahle yesifo sikashukela iba yimbi ngemuva kwamahora ama-2, uma umjovo ungaqedwanga ngesikhathi, bese kuthi ngemuva kokuphefumula, ngemuva kwehora, umuntu abe nezimpawu ezethusayo.

Okufanele ukwenze uma ngemuva kokuphathwa komjovo we-insulin, isimo sesifo sikashukela siba sibi kakhulu

Okokuqala kudingeka uqiniseke ukuthi isizathu sokuwohloka kwesimo sinembile ku-overestimation yemithamo ye-insulin. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha i-glucometer bese uhlola izinga loshukela wegazi. Idivayisi izokhombisa imiphumela ngemuva kwemizuzwana emi-5 ngemuva kokuhlolwa. Okujwayelekile kusuka ku-5 kuye ku-7 mmol / l. Ukunciphisa inani, kukhanya izimpawu zokugula.

Ukulungiswa kweshukela elungile ngezinyathelo ezikhulisa izinga lazo:

• nikeza ushokoledi, uswidi, itiye elimnandi noma ithebhulethi kashukela;
• govuza ushukela emzimbeni. Uchwepheshe wezokwelapha kuphela ongakwenza lokhu kahle. Kulokhu, inani lomuthi lizoya ngesimo sikashukela, ukuhlukahluka kwendlela yayo yokudla kanye neminye imingcele.

Lapho uzama ukwenza ukuntuleka kashukela egazini, kubalulekile ukuthi ungawudlulisi nge-carbohydrate. Empilweni ejwayelekile, okweqile kugcinwa ngohlobo lwe-glycogen, njengendawo yamandla. Ngesifo sikashukela, ukomisa kungakhula.

Ukwakheka kwe-insulin ngokwenyuka kweglucose yegazi

Ugqugquzela ukufakwa kweglucose ngemisipha ne-adipose izicubu.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-insulin ukugcina inani elijwayelekile nelizinzile le-glucose (80-100 mg / deciliter).

Lapho liphezulu, i-pancreas lenza i-insulin, "ethatha" ushukela ngokweqile egazini futhi iqondise ukuthi igcinwe emisipha nasemafutheni.

Ukunciphisa ubungozi bemiphumela emibi yokwelashwa kwe-insulin, kubalulekile ukulandela ngokuqinile ukunikezwa kadokotela futhi uphathe umuthi ngendlela efanele.

Uma uzizwa kabi, kufanele uthintane nodokotela wakho we-endocrinologist, futhi ezimweni ezinzima, shayela i-ambulensi ngokwakho noma ngosizo lwangaphandle.