Isifo sikashukela siyindlela engalapheki ye-endocrine.
Lesi sifo sinciphisa ikhwalithi kanye nesikhathi sokuphila, kuholele ezinkingeni ezingenakuphikwa futhi ezinzima.
Siyini isifo sikashukela: ukwelashwa nokuvimbela lesi sifo - lesi sihloko sizosho.
Siyini isifo sikashukela?
Isifo sikashukela siqondwa njengesifo esingelapheki lapho umzimba womuntu uhlangabezana nokuphelelwa ngokuphelele noma okuyingxenye kwe-insulin, okuholela ku-hyperglycemia.
Kulesi simo, imithambo yegazi iyathinteka, i-metabolism iyaphazamiseka. I-Pathology ivame kuwo wonke amazwe.
Abaholi abane bahlanganisa i-India, i-USA, iChina neRussia. Isibalo seziguli eRussia Federation singabantu abangama-9600000.
Isimo sikashukela segazi kubantu besifazane abadala nakwabesilisa, izingane
Isilinganiso esjwayelekile seshukela ku-serum ngu-3.3-5.5 mmol / L. Umphumela ubulili, ubudala.
Kwabasakhulayo nabesilisa abafinyelela eminyakeni eyi-90, isilinganiso se-glucose ngu-4.6-6.4 mmol / l, kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-90 ubudala - 4.2-6.7 mmol / l. Emantombazaneni nabesifazane abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-60 yobudala, i-ushukela egxile ku-3.4-5.5 mmol / L ithathwa njengelingene.
Ezinganeni ezinempilo kuze kube inyanga, ukuhlaziya kukhombisa i-2.7-3.2, ezinyangeni ezi-1-5 2.8-3.8, 6-9 - 2.9-4.1, ngonyaka - 2.9-4.4 , 1-2 - 3-4.5, 3-4 - 3.2-4.7, 5-6 - 3.3-5.3, iminyaka engu-10-16 - 3.3-5.5 mmol / L .
Ukuhlukaniswa: Amafomu kanye namaDegree
Ku-endocrinology, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zikashukela ziyahlukaniswa (i-latent, non-ushukela, gestational). Ukwehlukanisa kusiza udokotela ukuthi aqonde ngokushesha ukuthi kwenzekani esigulini nokuthi iyiphi indlela yokwelashwa okufanele ayisebenzise.
Inkambo yesifo ihlukaniswe ukugula:
- degree yokuqala. I-glycemia esheshayo ayidluli ku-7 mmol / L. I-pathology inxephezwa ngosizo lwamaphilisi akhethekile kanye nokudla okufanele;
- okwesibili. Isiguli sinezimpawu ezibucayi zezinkinga ezivela ezingxenyeni zombono, izinso, imithambo yegazi, ukuhlangana;
- okwesithathu. Lesi sifo aselapheki ngokudla nangomuthi. Izinga likashukela ligcinwa ku-14 mmol / l, ushukela ukhona kumchamo. Leli degree libonakala ngokuqina kwezingalo, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-neuropathy, i-nephropathy, i-glaucoma;
- okwesine. I-glycemia egazini ifinyelela ku-25 mmol / L. Amaphrotheni noshukela kutholakala kumchamo. Akunakwenzeka ukulungisa isimo ngemithi. Imvamisa, isiguli sitholakala sine-gangren yezinyawo, ukwehluleka kwezinso, izilonda ezisesicubu, i-retinopathy, i-proteinuria, i-polyneuropathy, i-angiopathy, ikhefana.
Futhi, ushukela ongaxekeli ku-insulin, ongahlanganyeli i-insulin uhlukile.
Kuncike kwe-insulin
Kubonakala ngokuntuleka kwe-insulin kusuka ekufeni kwamaseli we-pancreatic beta.
Imizimba yeKetone iqongelela emzimbeni. I-Autoimmune ne-viral pathologies zivusa ushukela. Lolu hlobo lwesifo luvame ukutholakala ezinganeni nakwintsha engaphansi kweminyaka engama-28.
I-Insulin ezimele
Kubonakaliswa ukwephulwa kwenqubo yokukhiqiza nokugcina i-glycogen.
Ama-pancreas akhiqiza i-hormone, kepha into eyenziwe ngayo ayihlanganisi kahle kuma-receptors amaselula. Ngakho-ke, i-glucose ayidonswa ngokuphelele, kepha iqongelela ku-serum.
Kwenzeka izikhathi ezi-6 kaningi kunohlobo lokuya nge-insulin. Imvamisa ibonwa emadodeni nakwabesifazane abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-45 abanokukhuluphala.
I-Etiology ne-pathogenesis
I-etiology yesifo sikashukela isuselwe kulamaqembu alandelayo wezici:
- ifa;
- isifo se-pancreatic;
- ukucindezela
- ukungondleki;
- ukutheleleka ngegciwane;
- ubuthi ngama-nitrites nama-nitrate.
I-trigger mechanism ye-pathology ukungakwazi kwamaseli we-pancreatic ukuhlanganisa i-insulin.
Lokhu kuholela ekuphazamisweni kwe-metabolic, ukuncipha kokuthathwa kwe-glucose izicubu zomzimba kanye nendlala yeseli. Ushukela luqongelela ku-plasma futhi luholele ekuthuthukisweni kwe-hyperglycemia. Umuntu unomile oqinile futhi ongenakuchazeka, uchama kaningi, ingcindezi iyancipha, kuqhume ikhanda.
Ukushoda kwe-insulin kuvusa ukungalingani phakathi kwe-lipogenesis ne-lipolysis. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuwohloka kwamafutha kwesibindi, ukukhiqizwa okwandayo kwezidumbu ze-ketone kuyabonakala. Lokhu kuboniswa yi-anorexia, iphunga le-acetone elisuka emlonyeni, ukuhlanza, umsebenzi wethambo. Kukhona ingozi yokuwa.
Izindlela Zokuxilonga
Ukuthola isifo sikashukela, udokotela wenza ucwaningo kanye nokuhlolwa kwesiguli. I-Polyuria, ukunciphisa isisindo, i-polydipsia, ukulunywa kwesikhumba - konke lokhu kuyizimpawu ezikhombisa ukungahambi kahle kwe-endocrine.
Ukuqinisekisa (ukuphika) ukutholakala kwesifo, udokotela unikeza uchungechunge lwezivivinyo kwisiguli:
- ukuhlolwa kwegazi ushukela;
- ukuvivinya ushukela;
- I-Ultrasound yamanyikwe;
- ukutadisha okujwayelekile komchamo;
- ukuzimisela kwezingxenyana ze-insulin, imikhiqizo yayo ye-plasma metabolic.
Ukubona ubunzima besifo, odokotela bathumela isiguli ku-:
- ECG
- ukuhlolwa kwe-fundus;
- i-excretory urography.
Imihlahlandlela yezempilo kanye nezindinganiso zokwelashwa
Izindinganiso zokwelapha isifo sikashukela zifaka ukuthatha amaphilisi okwehlisa ushukela noma imijovo ye-insulin. Inconywe ngu:
- Izinguquko zokuphila (ukuzivocavoca, ukondleka okufanele, ukuyeka ukubhema, utshwala);
- ukuziqapha ngokwakho kwe-glycemia level nge-glucometer kagesi;
- ukulandela isisindo somzimba.
Kwesinye isikhathi isidakamizwa esisodwa asanele, kanti isiguli sinqunywa ukwelashwa kwezakhi ezintathu, lapho, ngaphandle kwezidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela, amalungiselelo e-sulfonylurea akhona.
Ukwelashwa okuphelele kwesifo sikashukela
Isifo sikashukela akuyona nje ukwephula uhlelo lwe-endocrine. Lesi sifo sithinta zonke izitho zomzimba: izinso, ubuchopho, imithambo yegazi, inhliziyo, amalunga. Ngakho-ke, nge-pathology enjalo, ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kukhonjisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala nesesibili, esokuthathwa komzimba, siphathwa ngendlela ehlukile kwabesifazane abakhulelwe nezingane.
I-algorithm yokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1
Uma umuntu etholakala enesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngokwalo ma-algorithm:
- indlela yempilo iyamiswa;
- izidakamizwa zinqunyelwe kusuka eqenjini le-sulfonylurea;
- uma isimo somuntu singathuthuki kungakapheli isonto, kunikezwe i-insulin.
Umthamo wesidakamizwa ukhethwa ngawodwa ngemuva kwezifundo ze-labal kanye neelebhu.
Izidakamizwa ezisebenzayo namakhambi abantu ekulweni nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2
Ngo-sikashukela ongancikile i-insulin, izidakamizwa ezilandelayo ziyasebenza:
- Isifo sikashukela. Kwandisa ukwakheka kwe-insulin, kuqinisa uhlelo lwenhliziyo;
- Siofor. Ijwayelekile izinqubo ze-metabolic, isisindo. Ngokuvamile kubekelwe abantu abakhuluphele;
- I-Metformin. Kusetshenziswe kuhlangene nemijovo ye-insulin. I-Contraindicated ku-ketoacidosis, i-pathologies yezinso;
- I-Aktos. Kuvikela imithambo yegazi emiphumeleni kashukela omningi, okunciphisa ushukela egazini.
Siphathwa kanjani isifo sikashukela ebuntwaneni?
Izingane zivame ukuba nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa, odokotela bezingane banquma i-insulin replacement injection therapy.
Izidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezimfushane: zibekezelelwa kalula ngumzimba omncane. Umuthi udluliswa kusetshenziswa ipeni lesirinji.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunqunywa ama-vithamini, ama-angioprotectors. Kunconywa ukuthi ubheke izinga le-glucose yakho kabili ngosuku.
Yini okufanele yenziwe ngesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe?
Lolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela lutholakala ema-4% abesifazane abakhulelwe. Ikhula ngenxa yokuthi umthwalo kumanyikwe, futhi isitho siphulukana namandla alo okukhiqiza i-insulin eyanele.
Njengoba unesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa udinga:
- gcina ukwelashwa kwe-insulin okunikezwe ngudokotela;
- thatha igazi nomchamo wokuhlaziywa kanye ngesonto;
- ngokuzimela lawula okuqukethwe ushukela nge-tonometer;
- Namathela ekudleni;
- ukukala ingcindezi ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, owesifazane okhulelwe ungeniswa esibhedlela.
Ukudla okungenayo i-carbohydrate ngaphandle kweziguli
Ukugcina amazinga kashukela evamile futhi avikele i-hypoglycemia, abanesifo sikashukela kufanele bahlale besidla. Ukudla njalo kuholela ekukhuluphiseni nasezinkingeni.
Ngakho-ke, iziguli ziyelulekwa ukuba zinamathele ekudleni okungenama-carbohydrate. Usosayensi u-Eric Westman usefakazele ukuthi ukukhawulela ama-carbohydrate ekudleni kwakho kuholela ekujuleni kwesisindo noshukela.
Umuntu kumele angadli ama-gram angaphezu kwama-30 ama-carbohydrate ahamba kancane ngosuku.
Imiphi imishanguzo yabantu engasetshenziswa ekhaya ukwelashwa?
Kunezindlela eziningi zokupheka zemithi yendabuko kwi-Intanethi ezethembisa ukwelapha isifo sikashukela. Abaziwa kakhulu kubo:
- hlanganisa izikhwebu ze-walnut nge-buckwheat ngesilinganiso esingu-1 kuye ku-5. Gaya izithako endaweni yehofi yekhofi bese uyithululela ku-kefir. Thatha isipuni imizuzu engu-15 ngaphambi kokudla;
- thatha izingxenye ezilinganayo zamaqabunga obhontshisi, amaqabunga e-bay, ama-mulberry kanye nama-blueberries. Izipuni ezimbili zokuqoqa zithululela ama-500 ml wamanzi ashisayo bese upheka ingxenye yesine yehora. Gcizelela futhi uxakeke. Phuza ihora ngaphambi kokudla kathathu ngosuku;
- ingilazi ye-oatmeal uthele ama-500 ml wamanzi abilayo futhi uyiyeke ichithe amahora ayi-6. Thatha isigamu sengilazi kathathu ngosuku;
- engeza isinamoni esetiyeni. Ine-phenol, ehlisa ushukela ngo-30%;
- i-turmeric (2 amagremu) exutshwe nesipuni sejusi ye-agave esanda kufakwa. Phuza le ngxube ekuseni nakusihlwa;
- isipuni samanzi, uvuse amagremu angama-0,2 e-mummy nesiphuzo ekuseni ngesisu esingenalutho;
- bhaka u-anyanisi bese uyidla ngamabele. Le mifino inesibabule, ekhuthaza ama-pancreas ukukhiqiza i-insulin.
Imigomo yokuphathwa kweziguli ezinzima esibhedlela
Cishe i-25% yabanesifo sikashukela minyaka yonke idinga ukwelashwa okungelona iqiniso.
Inkambo enzima yesifo idinga ukuthi odokotela bahambisane nalezi zimiso ezilandelayo:
- ukukhululeka kwezimo ezibucayi;
- ukuzinza kwamazinga kashukela ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo ejwayelekile;
- ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kokuhlushwa ushukela we-plasma;
- ukondleka kweziguli ngokuya ngokudla okuthuthukile ngakunye;
- ukunciphisa ubungozi bezinkinga;
- ukubuyiselwa kwezitho zomzimba nezinhlelo ezithinteka yi-pathology.
Ukubuyekezwa Kwezinsimbi Zesifo Sezinzwa
Ukwelashwa okusha kwesifo sikashukela ukusebenzisa amaseli we-stem.
Inomthelela ekubuyiselweni okuyingxenye kwama-pancreas nezinye izitho zangaphakathi ezithintwe kabi ushukela ophezulu.
Ngokwokubuyekezwa, i-stem cell therapy iyasebenza ngempela. Kepha inqubo ibiza kakhulu: bambalwa abanesifo sikashukela abakwazi ukuyikhokhela.
Izidakamizwa zeHormonal njengendlela yokunqoba lesi sifo
Ukuze ulondoloze impilo nempilo yohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo oluthile, ungasebenzisa ukwelashwa kwehomoni nge-insulin. Ithuluzi limfushane futhi lihlala isikhathi eside. Esimweni sokuqala, umphumela wokwelapha uthatha i-5-8, okwesibili - amahora we-12-14.
I-insulin emfushane imelwe yimithi:
- I-Humulin;
- I-Actrapid;
- I-NovoRapid;
- Isi-Humalogue.
Izindlela zesenzo eside:
- I-Protafan;
- I-Humodar;
- I-Farmasulin;
- I-Monodar.
Kungenzeka yini ukuqeda lesi sifo ekuqaleni kwesifo kuze kube phakade?
Ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo sikashukela, ukuxolelwa isikhathi eside kulula ukukufeza, kepha ukwelashwa okuphelele akunakwenzeka ukufeza: izinguquko ezingenakuguqulwa zenzeka ezingeni lamaselula kumanyikwe.
Imvamisa, i-pathology yathuthuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi ikuphoqa ukuthi uthathe izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela.
Ukukhula ngenkuthalo emkhakheni wokwenza izidakamizwa ukuqeda isifo sikashukela, kepha kuze kube manje imizamo yehlulekile.
Ukuvimbela izinkinga ezinkulu zesifo sikashukela
Isifo sikashukela siholela ezinkingeni eziningi ezisuka enhliziyweni, emithanjeni. Ukwehluleka kwangempela kwenziwa imbangela yokufa kweziguli ezine-endocrine pathology.
Ukuvimbela imiphumela emibi, le mithetho elandelayo kufanele ilandelwe:
- landela ukudla;
- musa ukweqa imijovo ye-insulin;
- lawula ushukela we-Whey;
- nakekela imilenze yakho (phatha amanxeba, amabele, futhi ugqoke izicathulo ezintofontofo ngesikhathi);
- kanye ngonyaka ukuthola ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa zemithambo yegazi;
- Vakashela njalo i-endocrinologist yakho.
Amavidiyo ahlobene
Mayelana nezimbangela nezindlela zokwelapha uhlobo 1 nohlobo 2 sikashukela kuvidiyo:
Ngakho-ke, isifo sikashukela yisifo esivamile se-endocrine kubantu baseRussia. I-Pathology iphazamisa ukusebenza kwazo zonke izitho futhi iholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu. Lesi sifo aselashwa ngokuphelele, impilo yesiguli igcinwa ngokwezokwelapha.
