Ngaphandle kokuthi izindlela zokwelapha ezinesifo sikashukela azikho, ukuxilongwa okufika ngesikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ngemuva kwakho konke, uma nje lesi sifo sesithathwa ngaphansi kokulawulwa, imiphumela emibi emincane engaletha emzimbeni womuntu. Yiziphi izimpawu eziphambili noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela?
Izimpawu zomtholampilo zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1
Uhlobo loku-1 lwesifo luvame ukukhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi izinsuku ezimbalwa zidlula ngaphambi kokuvela kwezimpawu zokuqala kuze kube yilapho isimo sesiguli siba sibi kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imvamisa yokuxilonga yenziwa ngemuva kokulaliswa esibhedlela yisiguli ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwesifo sikashukela.
Enye yezimpawu ezibonakalayo zohlobo lokuqala lwesifo ukuncipha okubukhali nokuhlala njalo kwesisindo sesiguli.. Kulokhu, isiguli sizwa isifiso sokudla esihlala sikhona. Kepha ukwehla kwesisindo akubonwa ngisho nokudla okuminyene noma okweqile ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuvela okunganele kwe-insulin. Ngenxa yalokhu, amaseli awakwazi ukuthola ushukela owanele, okusho amandla, okuyikho okubonisa ukuthi aya ebuchosheni. Futhi umzimba uzama ukunxephezela lokhu kushoda kwamandla ngezindlela ezimbili.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunomuzwa onamandla wendlala, noma ngabe isiguli sisanda kudla ngokuqinile. Ukulangazelela okungenakuqhathaniswa futhi ngokusobala kwe-hypertrophic yamaswidi, umthombo oyinhloko we-glucose, kuyinto ebonakala ikakhulukazi.
Kodwa-ke, noma ngokweqile komsoco, ukufakwa kweseli akwenzeki ngenxa yokushoda kwe-insulin.
Ngakho-ke umzimba uqala ngomqondo ongokoqobo wokuthi "uzidle uqobo." Okokuqala, kukhona ukwehla kwezicubu zomzimba, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwesisindo okubukhali futhi okuphawuleka kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umzimba ukhipha amandla kuma-lipid, okuholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kakhulu kwamafutha angaphansi.
Alukho uphawu oluncane olungasilo ukoma okunesifiso esikhulayo sokuchama. Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Iqiniso ukuthi okuwukuphela kwendlela etholakala emzimbeni yokunciphisa inani le-glucose ezimweni zokuntuleka kwe-insulin ukukhuphula ukukhishwa kwayo komchamo.
Kulokhu, umsebenzi wezinso owandayo uyenzeka, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukwanda kokuchama. Ngakho-ke, isiguli sinamathuba okuphindwe kathathu kuye noma amane okuvakashela indlu yangasese.
Ngokukhethekile isimilo esivame ukuvela, kuze kube kane kuya kwesihlanu, ukuchama ebusuku.Olunye uphawu olubonakalayo lwalesi sifo ukuhogela kwe-acetone ekuphefumuleni kwesiguli.
Lesi sibonakaliso sikhombisa ukunqwabelana kwemizimba ye-ketone egazini lomuntu kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-metabolic ketoacidosis. Noma ibhalansi ye-acid ne-alkali esegazini igcinwa ngokwezinga elijwayelekile, okungukuthi, i-acetosis inxephezelwe, lesi simo siyingozi kakhulu kwezempilo futhi singadala ikhekhe leswekile.
Ukukhathala okungapheli kanye nokubinza kuyinto ongayikhetha, kodwa izibonakaliso ezivame kakhulu zohlobo 1 sikashukela. Lesi sibonakaliso sitholakala kuma-45% abantu abanesifo sikashukela, kuyilapho kubantu bengahlaselwa yilesi sifo, ukukhathala okungamahlalakhona kwenzeka ngamaphesenti ayisikhombisa nje kuphela.
Lesi sibonakaliso sizibonakalisa kushukela sikashukela ngezizathu eziningana. Isici esivelele kunazo zonke kubo ukushoda kwamandla okwanele emangqamuzaneni ngenxa yokushoda kwe-insulin emzimbeni.
Ngenxa yalokhu, isiguli sizizwa sibabaza futhi sibuthakathaka, ikakhulukazi emaphethelweni aphansi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuxinana kwegazi ngokweqile kuholela nobuthakathaka ngenxa yokwanda kokuhlushwa kwe-glucose kuyo. Ukwanda kokubonakalayo kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi ukulethwa kwezakhi zomzimba kumaseli kuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe.Ukomela nokukhathala kuvame ukwenzeka ngemuva kokudla..
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ushintsho esimweni sokusebenza kwengqondo sesiguli kungenzeka futhi. Ukungakhathali, ukuqina kokuqina kuyakhula, isiguli sizwa ukudana noma ukudangala ngaphandle kwesizathu. Ushintsho lwe-pathological ohlelweni lokujikeleza luholela eqinisweni lokuthi ukugeleza kwe-oksijini kwezinye izicubu kuya ngokuya kukhula. Ngakho-ke, kungukuntuleka komoya-mpilo ezitholwa yizikhwanyana zezinwele nokukhula kwesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, okuholela eqinisweni lokuthi izinwele zomuntu zincipha kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-alopecia yenzeka ngenxa yezinguquko ngemuva kwehomoni, futhi nangaphansi kwethonya lezidakamizwa ezithile ezisetshenziselwa ushukela.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 siyimbangela evame kakhulu yokulahleka ngokuphelele kombono ezigulini zabantu abadala.
Izifo ezahlukahlukene eziholela ekuphuphuthekeni, njengekati, i-glaucoma ne-retinopathy (ukulimala kwemithambo yegazi yamehlo) yizinkinga ezivame kakhulu.
Ukulimazeka okubukwayo kubonakala ku-85% yeziguli. Esigabeni sokuqala, ukwehla kombono kubangelwa ukuvuvukala kwamalensi eso, kukhula kusuka kushukela elandayo.
Ukubonakaliswa okuyinhloko kokuqala kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2
Thayipha isifo sikashukela sesi-2 Kubonakala sengathi ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin emzimbeni akwehli futhi akuyeki.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imvamisa kakhulu ama-pancreas eziguli asebenza ngokuzikhandla kunabantu abaphilile.
Kodwa-ke, umzimba womuntu ophethwe yilesi sifo une-insulin ukumelana, ngenxa yalokho ukusetshenziswa kwe-glucose ngawo wonke izicubu kuncishisiwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, amangqamuzana alahlekelwa ushukela, kuyilapho ukukhuphuka kwawo egazini kukhuphuka. Lolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela lubonakala isikhathi eside asymptomatic.
Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuphela kwendlela yokuthola lesi sifo ukuthatha isampula yegazi. Kodwa-ke, ukubonakaliswa kwezibonakaliso ezithile zesifo kungenzeka. Ukubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo kuvame ukwenzeka ngemuva kweminyaka engamashumi amane, futhi kuphambene nesizinda sezinto ezifana nalezi ezifana nokukhuluphala kanye nesifo senhliziyo. Isibonakaliso sokuqala ngumlomo owomile nokoma.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi nsuku zonke kukhuphuka amahlandla amabili kuya kwamane. Isidingo sendlu yangasese futhi sikhuphuka kakhulu.
Ushukela omningi uholela ezinkingeni zokujikeleza, ezisebenza ikakhulu emilenzeni.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 siholela ekuguqukeni kwe-pathological ezinzwa. Ngenxa yalezi zimo, ukuzwakala noma ukudinwa emilenzeni kungazwakala. Lokhu kuwuphawu lwe-neuropathy. Ukuqunjelwa, bese ukuqina kwezitho kukhula ngemuva kwe-hypothermia, ingcindezi, ukuzikhandla komzimba.
Izimpawu zokuqala zizwakala ezinzwaneni nasezandleni. Ngokukhula kwalesi sifo, iphethini le-venous lingabonakala kahle emilenzeni, bese kuthi ukuvuvukala kwamaphethelo aphansi kwenzeke. Ngokukhula kwesifo sikashukela esingancikeli i-insulin, isicanucanu, esivame ukuhambisana nokuhlanza, kuyenzeka. Le nto ayihlangene nobuthi bokudla.
Izimbangela zokucanuzelelwa kwesifo sikashukela kungaba:
- i-hyperglycemia;
- i-hypoglycemia;
- i-gastroparesis;
- ketoacidosis.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthatha ezinye izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela nakho kungadala ukugabha - lokhu kuwubufakazi bokuphendula komzimba wonke kubo. Isikhumba esomile nokulunywa kungenza hhayi kushukela kuphela.
Kodwa-ke, ngokuhambisana nezinye izimpawu, ziwuphawu lokukhula kwalesi sifo. Isikhumba esomile kwisifo sikashukela singumphumela wokuphelelwa ngamandla, kanye nokulimala kokulimala kwe-sebaceous kanye nesithukuthuku. Ngemuva kokoma, ukulunywa nakho kuyaqala.
Ukulunywa kungaba umphumela wokulimala kwesikhumba esomile kakhulu - imifantu, ukuklanywa okuncane, noma ubufakazi bokukhula kwezifo zokukhunta.
Ikakhulu ikakhulukazi isikhunta sithinta indawo ye-inguinal noma izikhala phakathi kwezinzwane. Ukuvikelwa okungavikelekile ngeke kulwe ngempumelelo nesikhunta, ngakho-ke kusakazeka ngokushesha.
Ukuthukuthela ngohlobo 2 sikashukela yisifo esijwayelekile.. Ukusebenza ngokweqile kwezithukuthuku zomjuluko kungabangelwa yizizathu ezahlukahlukene. Imvamisa, isiguli sifunga ngokuncipha okukhulu koshukela wegazi - ngemuva kokuthatha umuthi ofanele, ukuzivocavoca okuqinile ngokomzimba noma ngenxa yokungondleki okungajwayelekile.
Ngokukhula kwalesi sifo, kungenye imbangela yokujuluka - ukulimala kokuphela kwezinzwa okuthinta ukusebenza kwezindlala zezithukuthuku. Kulokhu, ukujuluka nakho kwenzeka ngaphandle kokucasulwa kwangaphandle.
Umphumela womphumela oyinkimbinkimbi emzimbeni we-glucose enganele engena kumaseli ngokumelene nesizinda sobuningi begazi futhi nakho ukuwohloka okuvamile enhlalakahleni.
Ingqondo iyathinteka ikakhulukazi, lapho i-glucose ingumthombo oyinhloko wamandla odingekayo ekusebenzeni.
Umphumela uba ukucasuka kanye nolaka olungenakuvinjwa.Ukutheleleka kwezifo zomgudu we-urine nakho kuwuphawu lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, umchamo awunayo i-glucose, okuyindawo enhle yokufulela yamagciwane.
Ku-diabetes, izinso azibuyiseli ushukela egazini - ngaleyo ndlela umzimba uzama ukunciphisa ukuqina kwawo. Ngakho-ke, ukuvela okujwayelekile kwezifo isikhathi sokulawula amazinga kashukela wegazi.
Umfutho wegazi ophakeme ungenzeka esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuqalwa kwezinye izimpawu zesifo sikashukela. Ngokuthuthuka kwalesi sifo, kungavela i-nephropathic hypertension ehambisana nomonakalo wezinso.
Isifo sikashukela somzimba sivela kanjani kwabesifazane abakhulelwe?
Isifo sikashukela se-Gestational yisifo se-insulin esenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Kubonakala njengabantu besifazane abadala abakhulelwe futhi kuvela emavikini angama-24.
Izizathu zale nto aziqondakali ngokuphelele, kodwa kuyaziwa ukuthi ifa kanye nokuba khona kwezifo ze-autoimmune kudlala indima enkulu.
Isifo sikashukela sokuzivocavoca sinezimpawu ezifana nokuthola isisindo esibukhali futhi esiphakeme kakhulu ngokungabikho kokudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunomuzwa onamandla wokoma kanye nokwenyuka okuhambisanayo kwevolumu yomchamo okhiqizwayo.
Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sokuzivocavoca ziphawula ukonakala enhlalakahleni, umuzwa onamandla wokukhathala, unciphise ukunakwa kanye nokwehla okujwayelekile komsebenzi.
Yiziphi izikhalazo ezingakhomba ukukhula kwalesi sifo ezinganeni?
Inkambo yalesi sifo ebuntwaneni inezici ezithile.
Zihlotshaniswa neqiniso lokuthi umzimba okhulayo udla ama-10 g ama-carbohydrate ngekhilogremu ngayinye yesisindo somzimba, kanye nokukhula okusheshayo nentuthuko yazo zonke izitho nezinhlelo.
Kwesinye isikhathi lesi sifo asymptomatic, futhi singabonakala kuphela ngemuva kochungechunge lokuhlolwa kwelebhu. Kodwa-ke, kaningi abazali bamane nje abazinaki ezinye zezimpawu.
Kuyaxaka ukuthi uma ingane idla umthamo omkhulu wamanzi - kuze kufike kumalitha angama-2-3 ngosuku ngenani elikhulayo lomchamo. Kulokhu, ukukhathala, ukunakwa okuphazamisekile kungenzeka. Kukhona futhi ukwehla kwesisindo sengane.
Izindlela Zokuxilonga
Ukuthola lesi sifo, kuhlolwa igazi okwenzelwe ushukela kanye ne-glycated hemoglobin.
Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi uhlole ngokunembile ukubekezelelwa kwe-glucose yesiguli futhi ungaboni kuphela ushukela wohlobo lokuqala noma lwesibili, kodwa futhi nolwe-prediabetes - ukwephula ukubekezelela i-glucose, okubanga imiphumela emibi futhi akuhambisani nanoma yiziphi izimpawu.
Ukutholwa koshukela kumchamo nakho kuyenziwa, futhi i-ultrasound yamanyikwe isiza ukukhomba i-pathologies kanye nezinguquko ezihlelekile kwezicubu zayo.
Izimpawu zaselebhu zesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin futhi esinga-insulin
Ngemuva kokuthola inqwaba kashukela egazini, okubonisa ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela, kwenziwa izivivinyo ukuze kutholakale umumo wazo.Indlela esemqoka yokuhlukanisa ngukuhlola kwe-insulin egazini.
Uma i-insulin esegazini iphansi ngokuqukethwe kweglucose ephezulu, kutholakala uhlobo 1 sikashukela.
Uma kutholakala okuqukethwe okwengeziwe kwe-insulin, lokhu kubonisa ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Imvelo yoshukela wegazi kubantu kanye nezimbangela zokuphambuka
Ukuhlolwa ushukela wegazi kwenziwa ekuseni, ngaphambi kokudla.
Okujwayelekile kubhekwa njengophawu ofinyelela ku-5.5 mmol we-glucose ilitha ngalinye.
Uma izinkomba zenyuselwa ku-6.9, zikhuluma ngesimo se-prediabetesic. Okuqukethwe ushukela ngaphezulu kwe-6.9 mmol kukhombisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela.
Ukwanda koshukela wegazi kungadalwa ngezinye izizathu. Isibonelo, ukushaqeka kobuhlungu, ukushiswa kanzima, ukubanjwa kwesithuthwane.
Ushukela ukhuphuka nge-angina, ngemuva kwesimo esicindezelayo noma ukuzikhandla okukhulu ngokomzimba. Ukuhlinzwa noma ukulimala kwengqondo okulimazayo nakho kungadala amazinga aphezulu eglucose. Ngemuva kokuqeda izimbangela ezichazwe ngenhla, inkomba kashukela wegazi ibuyela kwesejwayelekile.
Izimiso zokwelapha isifo
Isifo sikashukela yisifo esingalapheki, esingalapheki. Kodwa-ke, kuyenzeka ukuthi kube yilapho inempilo yesiguli ihlala kahle futhi yelula ukuxolelwa kwalesi sifo ngokwenza izinqubo ezithile.
Ngohlobo 1 sikashukela, lokhu kungukuphathwa kwe-insulin, kungaba ngomjovo, noma ngokuqhubekayo yiphampu ye-insulin.
Ngasikhathi sinye, kudliwe ukudla okunoshukela omningi, isitashi namafutha. Uhlobo lwesibili lwesifo sikashukela lumiswa wukudla okungenayo i-carbohydrate, ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ekhethekile ebuyisela impendulo evamile yomzimba kuma-insulin, kanye nokuqaliswa kokunconywa kokudla nokuzivocavoca umzimba.
Ukuvimbela, noma okufanele ukwenze ukubuyisela umsebenzi we-pancreatic
Isimo sesifo sikashukela singejwayelekile futhi sivikele lesi sifo ukuthi singakhuli. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuthathwa izinyathelo ezimbalwa ezidingekayo.
Kuyadingeka ukugxila kumifino emisha
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukwenza ngokwejwayelekile isisindo futhi ubuyekeze umsoco. Ama-carbohydrate ayaqedwa, amafutha ancishisiwe, kwethulwa inani elikhulu lemifino emisha. Isidlo senziwa izikhathi ezingama-5-6 ngosuku, ngezingxenye ezincane.
Qiniseka ukwenza imisebenzi yokuzivocavoca, isibonelo - wokuzivocavoca. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukucindezelwa ngokweqile kwengqondo-ngokomzwelo nangokomzimba, njengenye yezinto ekwakhiweni kwalesi sifo, kufanele kuncishiswe, noma okungcono, kuqedwe ngokuphelele. Umkhuba wokusebenzisa izidakamizwa zokuvimbela ezikwenza kube ngokwejwayelekile i- metabolism nawo uyenziwa.
Amavidiyo ahlobene
Izimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela kuvidiyo:
Ngokuvamile, ukumelana nalesi sifo okufika ngesikhathi futhi okugcwele kusiza ekugwemeni ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela cishe ngamaphesenti angama-70. Kwezinye iziguli, ukuvela kwayo kuhlotshaniswa nokuqagelwa kofuzo okungathi sína, noma kunjalo, bangabuye baxolelwe isikhathi eside ngokwelashwa okufanele futhi okuqhubekayo.
