IREJISTA YESIFO SIKASHUKELA - KUYINI?

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Isifo sikashukela yi-pathology ejwayelekile ethinta ingxenye enkulu yabantu baseRussia, hhayi kuphela.

Izinkinga zempilo ziba khona eminyakeni eminingi, lapho abantu bedinga ukwesekwa njalo kwezokwelapha, zokuxilonga nokubonisana.

Ukuze ukwazi ukuhlola ngokuphelele lesi simo futhi uhlele izindleko zokulwa nesifo sikashukela ezweni lonke, kudalwe irejista kazwelonke yesifo sikashukela.

Irejista yezwe yeziguli ezinesifo sikashukela: kuyini?

I-State Record of Diabetes Patients (GRBS) ingumthombo wolwazi oyinhloko oqukethe inani eliphelele ledatha yezibalo elihlobene nesibalo sabantu baseRussia abanesifo sikashukela.

Isetshenziselwa ukwakha izindleko zesabelomali sombuso nokubikezela kwazo isikhathi esizayo, ngeminyaka.

Njengamanje, irejista ikhona ngohlobo lohlelo oluzenzakalelayo olukhombisa idatha yokuqashelwa emtholampilo ngokwezinga lesizwe.

Kubandakanya ukuqapha isimo somuntu ngamunye ophethwe yisifo sikashukela, kusukela ngosuku lokufaka imininingwane ngaye kuyisemkhulu nakuyo yonke inkathi yokwelashwa.

Lapha kulungiselelwe:

izinhlobo zezinkinga;
izinkomba ze-carbohydrate metabolism namanye amapharamitha ocwaningo lwelabhoratri;
imiphumela yokwelapha ashukumisayo;
idatha yokufa kwesifo sikashukela.

Le rejista libaluleke kakhulu njengethuluzi lezibalo, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, iyi-database yokuhlaziya yohlobo lwayo kuphela yokuhlola imingcele eminingi yezokwelapha, yenhlangano kanye nesayensi evumela ukubala nokuhlela isabelomali sokwelashwa, ukuthengwa kwemithi nokuqeqeshwa kochwepheshe bezokwelapha.

Ukutheleleka kwezifo

Imininingwane ngokwanda kwesifo sikashukela eRussia ngasekupheleni kukaDisemba 2016 sibonisa ukuthi cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingama-4.350 banenkinga “kashukela”, okwenza cishe amaphesenti ama-3 esibalo sabantu bonke, okuthi:

uhlobo lwe-insulin olungathembeki kuma-akhawunti angama-92% (cishe abantu abangama-4,001,860);
kokuncika kwe-insulin - ama-6% (cishe abantu abangama-255 385);
kwezinye izinhlobo ze-pathology - 2% (abantu abangama-75 123).

Inani eliphelele lifake futhi lezo zimo lapho uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela lungakhonjiswanga esisekelweni semininingwane.

Le mininingwane isivumela ukuthi siphethe ngokuthi ukuthambekela okuphezulu kwenani lamacala kuyaqhubeka:

kusukela ngoDisemba 2012, inani labantu abanesifo sikashukela lenyuke cishe ngabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-570;
isikhathi esisekupheleni kukaDisemba 2015 - ngabangu-254,000.

Iqembu lobudala (inani lamacala ngabantu abayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu)

Mayelana nokwanda ngobudala, uhlobo 1 sikashukela lwalubhalwa kakhulu kubantu abasha, naphakathi kwalabo abahlushwa uhlobo lwesibili lwe-pathology, iningi labantu abadala.

Ekupheleni kukaDisemba 2016, imininingwane yamaqembu eminyaka imi ngolu hlobo olulandelayo.

Ingqikithi:

ushukela othembele ku-insulin - isilinganiso samacala ayi-164.19 kubantu abayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu;
isifo sikashukela esingancikeli i-insulin - 2637.17 ngenani elifanayo labantu;
ezinye izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela: 50.62 ngezinkulungwane eziyikhulu.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezibalo zika-2015, ukukhula kwakungu:

kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 - 6.79 izinkulungwane eziyikhulu;
sohlobo 2 sikashukela - 118.87.

Ngeqembu leminyaka yezingane:

uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin - zingama-86,73 ezinganeni eziyizinkulungwane eziyikhulu;
uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela olungathembisi i-insulin - 5.34 izinkulungwane eziyikhulu;
ezinye izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela: i-1.0 izinkulungwane eziyikhulu zenani lezingane.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezibalo zika-2015, ukwanda kwesifo sikashukela esincike kwabashukela ezinganeni sikhule ngo-16.53.

Ebusheni:

uhlobo lokuxhomekeka kwe-insulin - I-203.29 yizinkulungwane eziyikhulu zabantu abasha;
non-insulin-ezimele - 6.82 kuzo zonke izinkulungwane eziyikhulu;
ezinye izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela - 2.62 zenani elifanayo labasakhulayo.

Mayelana nezinkomba zango-2015, inani lamacala okutholwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 kuleli qembu lenyuka ngamaphesenti angama-39.19, nohlobo 2 - ngabangu-1.5 abayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu.

Kepha okokugcina, ukukhula kuchazwa yimikhuba yokuthola isisindo somzimba ngokweqile phakathi kwezingane nentsha eyeve eshumini nambili. Ukukhulupha ngokweqile kuyaziwa ngokuba yisici esiyingozi sesifo sikashukela esinga-insulin.

Eqenjini lobudala "labantu abadala":

ngokohlobo lokuncika lwe-insulin - 179.3 kubantu abadala abayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu;

ngohlobo oluzimele olungasebenzisi i-insulin - 3286.6 ngenani elifanayo;
kwezinye izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela - amacala angama-62,8 kubantu abadala abayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu.

Kulesi sigaba, ukukhula kwedatha kuqhathaniswa no-2015 beku:

thayipha isifo sikashukela esingu-1 - i-4.1 izinkulungwane eziyikhulu;
thayipha isifo sikashukela sesi-2 - i-161 yabantu abadala abafanayo;
kwezinye izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela - 7.6.

Inani

Ngakho-ke, kungashiwo ukuthi inani labantu abatholakala benesifo sikashukela lisakhula. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kwenzeka ngezindlela ezinesizotha kakhulu kunaseminyakeni edlule.

Phakathi konyaka we-2013 nowe-2016, ukubhebhetheka kwesifo sikashukela kuqhubekile, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yohlobo 2 lwe-pathology.

Isakhiwo sezimbangela zokufa

Isifo sikashukela yindlela eyingozi futhi eyingozi okufa kuyo abantu.

Ngokusho kwedatha ye-GRBSD, ukusuka ngo-December 31, 2016, "umholi" ekufeni kwabantu ngenxa yalesi sizathu kwakuyizinkinga ezinjalo zenhliziyo ezibhalisiwe ezinhlotsheni 1 no-2 sikashukela njenge:

izinkinga zokujikeleza kwegazi kobuchopho;
ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo;
ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo nemivimbo.

Ama-31.9% abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 no-49,5% abane-Type 2 pathology bafa ngalezi zinkinga zempilo.

Owesibili, imbangela ejwayelekile yokufa:

ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 - ukungasebenzi kwe-renal dysfunction (7.1%);
ngohlobo 2, izinkinga ze-oncological (10.0%).

Lapho sihlaziya imiphumela emibi yesifo sikashukela, inani elikhulu lezinkinga ezinjengokuthi:

isifo sikashukela sikashukela (uhlobo 1 - 2.7%, uhlobo 2 - 0.4%);
i-hypoglycemic coma (uhlobo 1 - 1.8%, thayipha 2 - 0.1%);
ubuthi begciwane (septic) begazi (uhlobo 1 - 1,8%, uhlobo 2 - 0.4%);
izilonda ezihlukumezanayo (uhlobo 1 - 1.2%, uhlobo 2 - 0.7%).

Lokhu kuphakamisa ukuthi ngefomu elincike ku-insulin, iphesenti lokushona okubulalayo liphezulu, elichaza isikhathi esifushane sokuphila kwabantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1.

Bhalisa Izinkinga

Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus siyingozi ngezinkinga eziba khona ngenxa yomthelela wesikhathi eside womphumela womzimba emzimbeni. Izibalo zokwanda kwazo zingokulandelayo (ngaphandle kwedatha yeSt. Petersburg, ngenxa yokugcwaliswa okungaphelelanga kwemodyuli eku-inthanethi).

Ngohlobo 1 sikashukela (njengephesenti lenani eliphelele labantu abanezinkinga "zikashukela"):

ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa ye-neuropathic - 33.6%;
ukulimazwa kokubuka kwe-retinopathic - 27.2%;
i-nephropathic pathology - 20.1%;
umfutho wegazi ophakeme - ngo-17.1%;
izilonda zesifo sikashukela semikhumbi emikhulu - 12.1% yeziguli;
unyawo "lwesifo sikashukela" - 4,3%;
izifo zenhliziyo ezi-coronary - ku-3.5%;
izinkinga ze-cerebrovascular - 1.5%;
infarction myocardial - 1.1%.

Uhlobo 2 sikashukela:

ukuphazamiseka kwegazi okuphezulu - 40.6%,
i-neuropathy ye-etiologyic etiology - 18,6%;
i-retinopathy - ku-13.0%;
izifo zenhliziyo ezi-coronary -11.0%;
i-nephropathy yemvelaphi yesifo sikashukela - 6.3%;
izilonda zemithambo ye-macroangiopathic - 6.0%;
ukuphazamiseka kwe-cerebrovascular - ku-4.0%;
infarction myocardial - 3,3%;
isifo sikashukela sonyawo sikashukela - 2.0%.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ngokolwazi olusuka kwirejista, ubunzima obujwayelekile buvame kakhulu kunokwezifundo ezibandakanya ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imininingwane ifakiwe kwi-GRBS ngeqiniso lokushintshwa kabusha, okungukuthi, singakhuluma kuphela ngamacala athile akhonjwa wokuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela kanye nezinkinga zaso. Lesi simo sibonisa ukweqiwa okuncane kwamazinga okuvela.

Ekuhloleni ulwazi oluqukethwe kwirejista, unyaka we-2016 ubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba izindawo eziningi zishintshelwe ekugcineni amarekhodi ku-inthanethi. Irejista iguqukele ohlelweni lolwazi olushukumisayo olukuvumela ukuthi ubheke ngokushesha futhi ngempumelelo izinkomba zemitholampilo nezezifo zamazinga ahlukile.

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