Ukuxakaniseka kwesifo sikashukela i-mellitus (DM) ukuthi ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo kucishe kungazivezi, futhi engxenyeni yesine yamacala aqhubeka ngasese. Konke lokhu kudala ubunzima nokuxilongwa.
Izinga likhuphuke ushukela emzimbeni liholela ekuphazamisekeni kwe-metabolic: i-carbohydrate, amafutha kanye ne-protein, okucasulayo izinkinga eziningi.
Cabanga ngama-syndromes ajwayelekile ohlobo 1 nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Yini le
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus yisifo esinokuphelelwa ngokuphelele noma okuhlobene nomzimba we-insulin.
Izici ezibalulekile ezandisa amathuba okugula yilezi
- ukukhuluphala;
- i-arterial hypertension;
- okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-cholesterol "embi" egazini;
- isici sefa.
Bheka izici zesifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala nolwesibili.
Uhlobo lokuqala
Lokhu kuyindlela yesifo exhomeke insulin. Isici esivelakancane ukungakhiqizi noma, njengenketho, kunciphisa ukucasha kwe-pancreatic kwe-insulin ye-hormone.
Lokhu kuchaza ukuthembela komuntu kumijovo ye-insulin. Isici sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 ukukhula ngokushesha kwezimpawu, kuze kufike ku-hyperglycemic coma.
Uhlobo lwesibili
Iqembu eliyingozi enkulu yohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela ngabantu abakhuluphele abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-40.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kuyinto ejwayelekile, kepha akukho mpendulo eyanele yeseli kule hormone. Ukuzwela kwabo i-insulin ekhiqizwayo kuyancishiswa.
I-glucose ayinangeni ezicutshini, kepha inqwabelana egazini. Lesi sifo asibonakali masinyane, kodwa ngemuva kweminyaka. Inkambo emnene yenza kube nzima ukuthola lesi sifo.
Ekhuluma ngezimpawu zesifo, izincazelo ezinjengophawu kanye ne-syndrome zivame ukudideka. Eqinisweni, i-syndrome iyiqembu elithile lezimpawu.
Ama-syndromes aphambili ohlobo lwe-mellitus yesifo sikashukela 1 no-2
Cabanga ngama-syndromes aphambili kashukela ngemininingwane eminingi.
I-Hyperglycemic
Lesi simo sihlotshaniswa nokwanda okuhlala isikhathi eside futhi okuphawulekayo ezingeni likashukela emzimbeni (kusuka ku-0.5-11.5 mmol / l).
I-Hyperglycemia ihlanganiswa nemisebenzi yomzimba engasebenzi kahle:
- polyuria. Ukuba khona kwe-glucose kumchamo kuholela ekwandeni kwe-osmolarity yayo;
- hypohydration. Ngenxa ye-polyuria, inani lamanzi aqukethwe emzimbeni liyancipha;
- ukoma, ukwanda kokudla kwamanzi ngenxa yokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni;
- ukwehla komfutho wegazi. I-Hypotension nayo ingumphumela wokuphelelwa ngamandla komzimba;
- I-hyperglycemic coma isibonakaliso esinamandla kakhulu, esibulalayo.
I-Hypoglycemic
Leli yiqembu eliyinkimbinkimbi lezimpawu, ezidonswe ukwehla kwamazinga kashukela egazi angaphansi kuka-3.5 mmol / l futhi aboniswe ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa, ukuzimela kanye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Imvamisa, i-hypoglycemia iziveza ekuseni.
Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-glucose kungabangelwa ukweqisa kwe-insulin, kanye nokuvikelwa kwaleli hormone yi-tumor - insulinoma. I-Hypoglycemia ingabangelwa ngama-neoplasms wesibindi, amanyikwe kanye nezifo zezindlala ze-adrenal.
Ukuboniswa kokuqala kwe-hypoglycemic syndrome:
- ikhanda
- ukuthuthumela
- umuzwa onamandla wendlala;
- ubuthakathaka;
- ukukhuphuka kokujuluka;
- ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha (kuyafana nokudakwa kotshwala).
Uma isiguli sazi, ama-phenomena asuswa ngokudla isidlo se-carbohydrate noma itiye elimnandi. Uma kungekho ukwazi, i-hypoglycemic syndrome imiswa ngokufakwa kweglucose ngaphakathi.
Ukuhlinzwa noma ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kusiza ukuqeda i-hypoglycemic syndrome yomsuka wesimila. Kulesi sifo sika-Addison, ukwelashwa okufakwa esikhundleni sehomoni. Ukuvimbela - ukukhomba okufika ngesikhathi izimbangela ezidala izimpawu.
I-Neurological
I-Neurological syndrome yenzeka ngazo zombili izinhlobo zezifo. Kwesinye isikhathi i-neuropathy izibonakalisa kusukela ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo, kwesinye isikhathi iminyaka idlula kuze kube ukubonakaliswa kokuqala.
I-Neurological syndrome ihambisana nalezi zimo:
- ukuphazamiseka kwesistimu ye-peripheral yezinzwa: umuzwa ovuthayo emilenzeni (ikakhulukazi ezinyaweni), ukuncipha kokuzwela, ukubonakala kwezilonda esikhunjeni, ukungasebenzi komchamo;
- ukuphazamiseka kwe-ANS - ngenkambo ende yesifo (ikhanda, ubuhlungu besisu, ukuncipha kwegazi);
- i-opic neuropathy ngemuva kwesifo sikashukela, i-retinopathy;
- ukulimala kobuchopho, ingozi yokushaywa unhlangothi.
Metabolic
Le yinhlanganisela yesifo sikashukela nokukhuluphala, ukwanda kwe-cholesterol yegazi nomfutho wegazi ophakeme. "Isichibi" esinjalo sikhulisa kakhulu ingozi yokuqhamuka nezilonda zesifo semithambo ye-atherosrance
Izimpawu eziphambili ze-metabolic syndrome:
- ukukhuluphala
- Umfutho wegazi odlula ku-135/85 mm. Hg. st.;
- ushukela wegazi osheshayo udlula ku-6.1 mmol / l;
- ukuthambekela kwe-thrombosis;
- cholesterol ephezulu.
Isimo seSomoji
Le nto yaziwa nangokuthi "i-insulin overdose engapheli." Lolu uhlobo "lokuphendula" lomzimba ezimeni ezivame zokunciphisa ushukela emzimbeni (hypoglycemia).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu akukhathaleli kuphela ukubizwa, kodwa futhi ne-hypoglycemia efihliwe. Kubonwa ezigulini lapho umjovo owodwa we-insulin udlula ama-PIECES angama-80.
Ukuvezwa kwento yakwaSomoji kufaka phakathi:
- ushintsho olukhulu emazingeni kashukela;
- i-periodic hypoglycemia;
- sikhula ngomthamo owengeziwe we-insulin;
- kumchamo nasegazini - imizimba ye-ketone;
- ukukhuluphala kwesisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu, indlala ejwayelekile.
I-syndrome ibonakaliswa ngokuguquguquka okukhulu kumazinga kashukela nsuku zonke.
Ukuxilongwa kuncishiswa ukukala ushukela wegazi, kubandakanya ebusuku. Uma ngabe le-syndrome isolwa, umthamo we-insulin wehliswa ngo-20%. Kuyadingeka futhi ukubambelela ngokuqinile ekudleni, ekudleni okondlayo phakathi nosuku (inani lokudla 5-6).
Uma isimo esiphikisana nesizinda salezi zinyathelo sithuthuka, khona-ke ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kahle. Ngokulashwa okungaphumeleli kokuphuma, ukulaliswa esibhedlela kubalulekile ukulungisa umthamo we-insulin esimweni sesibhedlela.
Umkhiqizo "wokusa kokusa" ku-diabetes
Leli gama laqanjwa ngudokotela D. Gerich ngonyaka we-1984. Ushukela wegazi ukhuphuka ekuseni: kusuka emahoreni amane kuya kwayi-9.
Izimbangela zento "yokusa kokusa" ukudla okunezikhathi eziningi ebusuku, ukucindezela kanye nokungenisa amanani angenele we-insulin.
Isizathu salokhu okwenzekile ukuthi ekuseni kunokuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu kwama-hormone e-pacrinsular egazini.
Ngaphansi kwethonya le-glucocorticosteroids, isibindi sikhiqiza ushukela omningi, onomthelela ekukhuphukeni kwamazinga kashukela. Lesi sifo senzeka kuzo zombili izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela, futhi ohlotsheni lokuqala lwesifo luvame ukuzibonakalisa ezinganeni nakwintsha. I-hormone yokukhula somatotropin iyinto ecasulayo.
Ukubona lo mkhuba, kuyadingeka ukwenza izilinganiso zasebusuku zamazinga kashukela, kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-3 a.m. Ukunyuka okufana kweglucometer kukhombisa isifo.
I-Diabetes Syndromes enizaneni nasezinganeni
Ama-syndromes ajwayelekile kakhulu esifo sikashukela "yizingane" yiMoriak neNobekur syndromes.
Moriaka
Lokhu kungenye yezinkinga ezinkulu zesifo sikashukela sobuntwana kanye nentsha ngenxa yokubola kwesikhathi eside kwalesi sifo esinezimo ezivamile ze-ketoacidosis kanye ne-hypoglycemic. Njengamanje, ngokwelashwa kwe-insulin okwanele nokuqapha njalo ushukela emzimbeni, lesi sifo sesiphenduke isifo.
Izimpawu zesifo seMoriak's:
- lag ekukhuleni, ukukhula kwezocansi kanye nomzimba. Ukwakheka kwezimpawu zobulili zesibili kuyehliswa; amantombazane abe nokuya esikhathini ngokungahambi;
- isifo sokuqaqamba kwamathambo;
- isibindi esikhulisiwe;
- ukukhuluphala okulinganiselwe, ubuso obufana nobuso "obunjwe enyangeni".
Ukwanda kwesisu ngalesi sifo kwenzeka hhayi ngenxa yoqimba lwamafutha kuphela, kodwa futhi nangenxa yesibindi esandisiwe.
Kulokhu, ukusebenza kwesibindi kuhlala kuyinto evamile. Ukwelashwa kuqukethe ukunxephezela lesi sifo futhi kusigcine. Ngokulashwa okufika ngesikhathi, i-prognosis yempilo iyathandeka.
Nobekura
Izimpawu zemitholampilo zalesi sifo ziyefana ne-Moriak's syndrome.
Kukhona okuxakaniseka nesifo sikashukela sesikhathi eside esibolile ezinganeni ngaphandle kokukhuluphala ngokweqile.
I-syndrome ibonakaliswa ngokuwohloka kwesibindi, kanye nokubambezeleka kokukhula kwezocansi nangokomzimba.
Ukwelashwa kuyafana nange-Moriak's syndrome: isinxephezelo esiqinile sesi sifo.
Amavidiyo ahlobene
Izinkinga ezinokwenzeka ezinzima futhi ezingalapheki zesifo sikashukela:
Njengoba ubona, wonke ama-syndromes wesifo sikashukela ayingozi empilweni yomuntu. Ukuxilongwa okufika ngesikhathi, ukwelashwa okufanele kanye nokuhambisana nemiyalelo kadokotela onguchwepheshe we-endocrinologist kuyisihluthulelo sokuqinisa isimo sesiguli.
